scholarly journals Potable water supply among the physically challenged in selected homes for the disabled in Ibadan

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-236
Author(s):  
Ifiok P. Udofia ◽  
Elizabeth O. Oloruntoba
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Minimum Requirement ◽  
The Disabled ◽  
Potable Water Supply ◽  
Generous Support ◽  
Physically Challenged

Abstract There is paucity of information on accessibility to potable water in homes for the disabled in Nigeria. This study investigated access to potable water among physically challenged people in three homes for the disabled in Ibadan. Sixty-four physically challenged persons living at the Cheshire Home (CH), Sekinat Adekola (SAC) and Lawal Centre (LC) were surveyed. Quantity of Drinking Water (QDW) received daily was compared to the WHO minimum requirement of 2.5 litres/head/day. Drinking water samples were analysed for total coliform (TCC) and Escherichia coli counts (ECC). Respondents' ages were 22.4 ± 5.1 years in CH, 23.6 ± 7.4 years in SAC and 13.8 ± 5.6 years in LC. The QDW received was 5.3 ± 1.5 litres/head/day in CH, 4.5 ± 0.5 litres/head/day in SAC and 2.8 ± 0.8 litres/head/day in LC. Thirty-seven percent in CH, 55.0% in SAC and 22.0% in LC were very satisfied with QDW received. CH water had lower TCC (2.0 ± 0.6 cfu/100 mL) compared to SAC (378 ± 169.3 cfu/100 mL) and LC (357.3 ± 174.3 cfu/100 mL). Only LC water showed an ECC of 1.0 ± 0.4 cfu/100 mL. Not all individuals experienced adequate access within the homes. Water quality was poor across the homes and treatment was inadequate. Constant potable water is required for the well-being of disabled people in these homes. This article has been made Open Access thanks to the generous support of a global network of libraries as part of the Knowledge Unlatched Select initiative.

scholarly journals Turbidity reduction in drinking water by coagulation-flocculation with chitosan polymers

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ampai Soros ◽  
James E. Amburgey ◽  
Christine E. Stauber ◽  
Mark D. Sobsey ◽  
Lisa M. Casanova
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Dose Range ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Point Of Zero Charge ◽  
Household Water ◽  
Generous Support ◽  
Higher Doses ◽  
Model Household

Abstract Turbidity reduction by coagulation-flocculation in drinking water reduces microbes and organic matter, increasing effectiveness of downstream treatment. Chitosan is a promising household water coagulant, but needs parameters for use. This study tested the effects of chitosan dose, molecular weight (MW), degree of deacetylation (DD), and functional groups on bentonite and kaolinite turbidity reduction in model household drinking water. Higher MW or DD produced greater reductions. Highest reductions were at doses 1 and 3 mg/L by MW >50,000 or >70% DD (residual turbidity <5 NTU). Higher doses did not necessarily continually increase reduction. For functional groups, 3 mg/L produced the highest reductions by lactate, acetate, and HCl, and lower reductions of kaolinite than bentonite. Doses where the point of zero charge was observed clustered around 3 mg/L. Chitosan reduced clay turbidity in water; effectiveness was influenced by dose, clay type, MW, DD, and functional groups. Reduction did not necessarily increase with MW. Bentonite had a broader effective dose range and higher reduction at the optimal dose than kaolinite. Chitosans with and without functional groups performed similarly. The best of the studied doses was 3 mg/L. Chitosans are promising for turbidity reduction in low-resource settings if combined with sedimentation and/or filtration. This article has been made Open Access thanks to the generous support of a global network of libraries as part of the Knowledge Unlatched Select initiative.

scholarly journals Does self-reported water collection time differ from observed water collection time? Evidence from the Upper West Region of Ghana

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-365
Author(s):  
Alfred Dongzagla ◽  
Abraham Marshall Nunbogu ◽  
Nicholas Fielmua
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Open Access ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Round Trip ◽  
Key Indicator ◽  
West Region ◽  
Water Collection ◽  
Generous Support ◽  
Collection Time

Abstract Water collection time is a key indicator in tracking access to drinking water. Over the years, water surveillance agencies have relied on water collectors for information on water collection time to measure progress of water supply. However, emerging evidence shows that water collection times reported by water collectors in developing countries are often imprecise. To contribute to knowledge about the validity or otherwise of self-reported water collection times, this study explored the association between self-reported water collection times and observed water collection times in the Upper West Region of Ghana. Data on water collection times were gathered from 412 water collectors in Daffiama-Issa-Bussie District and Lawra Municipality, first through interviews, and second by observation. From the results, self-reported water collection times were significantly (P < 0.01) lower than observed water collection times. The average round-trip water collection time reported by water collectors (32 minutes) was 8 minutes lower than observed water collection times (40 minutes). This implies that existing statistics on basic water coverage that are largely based on self-reported water collection times are overestimated. Going forward, we call on water surveillance agencies to collect data on water collection times through observation. This article has been made Open Access thanks to the generous support of a global network of libraries as part of the Knowledge Unlatched Select initiative.

scholarly journals Estudio comparativo en el acceso a los servicios de agua potable entre Panamá y Costa Rica

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darner A. Mora-Alvarado
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Potable Water Supply

Se realizó un análisis comparativo sobre el acceso a los servicios de agua potable entre Panamá y Costa Rica, además de su relación con los indicadores de salud pública y desarrollo, con el propósito de identificar las fortalezas y debilidades que permitan definir metas a mediano y largo plazo. Para el año 2016, la República de Panamá alcanzó una cobertura con agua para consumo humano por cañería de 94,6%, de la cual se estima que el 74,6% fue de calidad potable, específicamente en el área urbana; sin embargo, se desconoce la calidad del agua suministrada por los 5.619 acueductos rurales, debido a que en estos no se aplica el Reglamento Técnico DGNTI-COPANIT 23-395-99. En el caso de Costa Rica y para el mismo periodo, se estima que el 97,6% de los 4.889.762 habitantes fueron abastecidos con agua por cañería, y el 91,8% recibió agua de calidad potable, distribuida en 98% en el área urbana y 78,8% en la rural. Los indicadores básicos de salud y desarrollo son mejores en Costa Rica, lo cual es concordante con la mayor cobertura de agua potable. En ambos países la rectoría es débil y fraccionada; en razón de esto, existen propuestas de políticas nacionales en agua potable, que buscan alcanzar la universalización del suministro de agua potable para el año 2030. Se propone elaborar políticas nacionales del subsector de agua potable, con sus respectivos planes de acción y modelos de evaluación y seguimiento, con el propósito de alcanzar la universalización de los servicios de agua potable en Panamá y Costa Rica en el año 2030. Drinking water coverage; health indicators; potable; water supply; drinking-water.

scholarly journals Molecular Method for Detection of Total Coliforms in Drinking Water Samples

2014 ◽  
Vol 80 (14) ◽  
pp. 4074-4084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrée F. Maheux ◽  
Dominique K. Boudreau ◽  
Marc-Antoine Bisson ◽  
Vanessa Dion-Dupont ◽  
Sébastien Bouchard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Molecular Assay ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Total Coliforms ◽  
Pcr Assays

ABSTRACTThis work demonstrates the ability of a bacterial concentration and recovery procedure combined with three different PCR assays targeting thelacZ,wecG, and 16S rRNA genes, respectively, to detect the presence of total coliforms in 100-ml samples of potable water (presence/absence test). PCR assays were first compared to the culture-based Colilert and MI agar methods to determine their ability to detect 147 coliform strains representing 76 species ofEnterobacteriaceaeencountered in fecal and environmental settings. Results showed that 86 (58.5%) and 109 (74.1%) strains yielded a positive signal with Colilert and MI agar methods, respectively, whereas thelacZ,wecG, and 16S rRNA PCR assays detected 133 (90.5%), 111 (75.5%), and 146 (99.3%) of the 147 total coliform strains tested. These assays were then assessed by testing 122 well water samples collected in the Québec City region of Canada. Results showed that 97 (79.5%) of the samples tested by culture-based methods and 95 (77.9%), 82 (67.2%), and 98 (80.3%) of samples tested using PCR-based methods contained total coliforms, respectively. Consequently, despite the high genetic variability of the total coliform group, this study demonstrated that it is possible to use molecular assays to detect total coliforms in potable water: the 16S rRNA molecular assay was shown to be as efficient as recommended culture-based methods. This assay might be used in combination with anEscherichia colimolecular assay to assess drinking water quality.

Minimum Air Gap between Drinking Water Outlet and Surface of Sewage

2012 ◽  
Vol 433-440 ◽  
pp. 1940-1944
Author(s):  
Yun Xia Zhang ◽  
San Xiang Sun ◽  
Li Yun Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Particle Image Velocimetry ◽  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Particle Image ◽  
Air Gap ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Image Velocimetry ◽  
Potable Water Supply

To prevent the contaminated water from flowing back into the potable water supply, Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) was employed to measure the variation of flow field and study the relation between the minimum air gap h and the water outlet diameter d concretely. The theoretical analysis and the experimental results show that the h/d is not vary linearly as required in ‘Code for Design of Building Water Supply and Sewerage’ but exponentially.

Coliphage Presence in Various Types of Potable Water in Thailand

1989 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 583-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Komol Sivaborvorn ◽  
B.J. Dutka
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Paper Strip ◽  
Deep Well ◽  
Pathogenic Virus ◽  
Strip Test ◽  
Human Pathogenic Virus

Abstract Three types of drinking water used in Thailand, tap water, rain water and deep well water (200 m) were tested for bacteriological and coliphage content. 13.5% of the samples contained only coliphage and 13% contained both coliphage and total coliforms. The incidence of coliphage in these potable water supplies reflect the probability of human pathogenic virus also surviving in these waters. The H2S paper-strip test was found to be an equally sensitive indicator of coliform presence compared to MF and MPN total coliform procedures.

scholarly journals Drinking water quality and risk for human health in Pelengana commune, Segou, Mali

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 609-621
Author(s):  
Amadou Toure ◽  
Duan Wenbiao ◽  
Zakaria Keita ◽  
Abdramane Dembele ◽  
Elsamoal Elzak Abdalla Elzaki
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
World Health

Abstract Water is an indispensable commodity for the survival of all living beings and for their well-being. The objective of this work is to evaluate the level of pollution of different drinking water sources consumed and its link with health in Pelengana commune, Mali. Samples of water were taken from various sources, namely, hand pumps, boreholes, dug wells, and shallow wells for physical, chemical, heavy metals, and bacteriological analyses, using American Public Health Association (APHA) Standard Techniques. Results revealed that the nitrate-nitrogen (NO3−N) values of the water samples from the different water sources had concentrations exceeding the United States Environmental Protection Agency's (US-EPA) regulation of 10 mg/L, as well as World Health Organization Guideline for Drinking Water Quality (WHO GDWQ) (11 mg/L). The same applies to heavy metals such as Cd, Pb, and Fe, in which, concentrations exceed their allowable limits in certain locations. Moreover, apart from water samples from some different boreholes, total coliform, and Escherichia coli have been detected in all selected water sources, which indicates fecal contamination. In all, there is a pressing need to stop the consumption of drinking water from contaminated sources and to effect appropriate treatment.

scholarly journals Scarcity of Safe Drinking Water in the South-West Coastal Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 17-25
Author(s):  
MA Rahman ◽  
MN Islam
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Coastal Area ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Water Source ◽  
The South ◽  
Potable Water Supply ◽  
Water Scarce

This study incorporates a detail exploration of drinking water scarcity in the south-western coastal area of Bangladesh. The objectives were to recognize the constraints of potable water supply in the coastal area and to identify the water-scarce area of a coastal community of Bangladesh. Both primary and secondary data have been used to carry out the study. A total of 349 households were selected by using appropriate statistical procedure. ArcGIS has been used for pertinent mapping and calculating the served and unserved (inadequate supply) area of the nearest community water source e.g. pond sand filters or tube-wells. This study found that the root causes i.e. saline water intrusion, reduction of upstream flow, sea level rise, disasters, polder, arsenic contamination, shrimp cultivation in brackish water, excessive use of underground water and lack of appropriate aquifer were highly influential for the disturbance of potable water supply in the coastal area. In addition, it has been showed that about two-third of the settlement areas as well as households fell into the water scarce zone. J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 11(1-2): 17-25 2018

Quality Assessment of Stored Rainwater and Its Utilization in Dhaka City, Bangladesh

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Islam ◽  
M.R. Kabir ◽  
F.N.-F. Chou
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Small Catchment ◽  
Rural And Urban

Monsoons provide Bangladesh with ample rainwater. However, many regions, both rural and urban, suffer from shortage of safe drinking water. While arsenic contamination of ground water affects many rural areas, some urban areas, including Dhaka City, also lack of sufficient potable water supply due to shortage of surface water. This research explored the quality of stored rainwater as well as the feasibility of harvesting monsoon rainwater as a source of drinking water. Rainwater had been experimentally harvested at Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology in Dhaka using a simple traditional technology. The rainwater was collected using a small catchment area (4.57 m × 4.57 m) made of water-proof cloth and a 3.2 m3 capacity ferro-cement storage tank, attached with an automatic initial flushing device, for a family having five members for four months. Initial test results indicated that the stored rainwater had a slightly higher pH value (8.1 to 8.3) and presence of total coliform after three months of storage. The traditional filtering system removed contaminants completely and the total coliforms up to 60%. This research supports the viability of traditional filtering of harvested rainwater as a promising solution to potable water shortage in Bangladesh.

Securing Potable Water Supply under Extreme Scarcity

10.1596/30593 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Marin ◽  
Bambos Charalambous ◽  
Thierry Davy
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Potable Water Supply
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