scholarly journals Water, sanitation and hygiene practices in early childhood development (ECD) centres in low socio-economic areas in Nelson Mandela Bay, South Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 164-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Melariri ◽  
Liana Steenkamp ◽  
Margaret Williams ◽  
Chwayita Mtembu ◽  
Jessica Ronaasen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood Development ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Visual Observation ◽  
Childhood Development ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Nelson Mandela ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Study Population

Abstract Water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) are vital indicators to healthy living and safe environments for child development. The aim of the study was to determine WASH status and practices in ECD centres located in low socio-economic areas of Nelson Mandela Bay during 2017. This cross-sectional study elicited responses from 46 ECD centres which had a total of 3,254 children and 172 caregivers. A structured questionnaire and visual observation were used. Using core WASH in schools' indicators (WinS) showed that despite improved water sources being available in 91% of the facilities, WinS for hygiene was poor. The study observed that 57% of the respondents had improved toilets accommodating both genders. In 29% of ECD centres, 6–10 children make use of a ‘pottie’ while in 9% of the cases, more than 20 children make use of one ‘pottie’. The use of the bucket system was noted in 22% of the ECD centres. In 79% of the ECD centres, children wash their hands in a communal plastic bowl. Only 11% of the study population washed hands hygienically under a running tap or tippy tap. WASH conditions in the ECD centres in the study area require urgent attention and further investigation for practical solutions. This article has been made Open Access thanks to the generous support of a global network of libraries as part of the Knowledge Unlatched Select initiative.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Stunting among 6-59 Months Children and its Association with Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Practice in Urban Slums of Kathmandu, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 76-81
Author(s):  
Sarswoti Singh ◽  
Nil P Dhital ◽  
Rajan Paudel ◽  
Dipak K Sah ◽  
Arjun Hamal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Urban Slums ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Critical Public Health ◽  
Childhood Stunting ◽  
Purification Of Water

Introduction Childhood malnutrition is a critical public health concern in Nepal. Slums are supposed to have poor water, sanitation and hygiene practices. This study has aimed to examine association between water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) variables and stunting among 6 to 59 months children of slums of Kathmandu metropolitan city. MethodsDescriptive cross-sectional study design was employed where 335 households were included in the study. Data were collected using standard questionnaire and observation checklist. Weight and height of children were taken using seca digital weighing scale and wooden height board of UNICEF respectively. Anthropometric analysis was done using WHO Anthro version 3.2.2 software and other statistical analysis was conducted using SPSSversion 22 software. ResultsThe prevalence of stunting was 23%. Four out of five household (80%) in slum used to drink water from unimproved source. Absence of handwashing station (AOR=2.109, 95% CI:1.05-3.27) and absence of water storage covering (AOR=2.46, 95% CI: 1.16–5.23) were found to be significantly contributing to stunting status. ConclusionThis study highlights the importance of good WASH practices, and the potential of WASH interventions, to contribute for the improved childhood stunting living in urban slums in Nepal. Also, the findings recommend the need of strategies on purification of water, improvement of toilets, behaviour change and awareness related activities to improve the stunting among children.

Association between Low Cognition and Low–income in Rural Pakistani Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 3507-3510
Author(s):  
Irum Gilani ◽  
Ziyad Afzal Kayani ◽  
Sarmud Lateef Awan
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Intelligence Quotient ◽  
Early Childhood Development ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cognitive Stimulation ◽  
Childhood Development ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Childhood Poverty ◽  
Low Income Children

Objective: Numerous studies have concluded relationship of the childhood poverty to the impaired academic performance ultimately contributing to low wages and income in the adult life. Objective of this study was to assess the association between household income and the cognitive potential of children. Methodology: In this cross–sectional study, cognitive potential of 6 to 7 years old children (n=300) from a rural district of Pakistan was assessed through an indicator of the cognitive development called Intelligence Quotient (IQ) or Full Scale Intelligence Quotient (FSIQ) which was calculated by utilizing fourth edition of the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI–IV). Data on the sociodemographic profile was collected through mother’s questionnaire. Results: Low cognitive potential or IQ of the rural Pakistani children was found to be associated with the low–income of the household. Conclusion: Early childhood development programmes in Pakistan ought to incorporate cognitive–stimulation strategies designed for the low–income children belonging to the rural place of residence in order to disrupt the transmission of poverty to the next generation. Keywords: poverty, rural, IQ, children, productivity, Pakistan, cognition, low–income, socioeconomic

scholarly journals Water and Sanitation Hygiene Practices for Under-Five Children among Households of Sugali Tribe of Chittoor District, Andhra Pradesh, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venkatashiva Reddy B ◽  
Yadlapalli S. Kusuma ◽  
Chandrakant S. Pandav ◽  
Anil Kumar Goswami ◽  
Anand Krishnan
Keyword(s):  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dirty Hands ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Household Water

Background. Increased mortality is associated with poor household water, sanitation, and hygiene (WaSH) practices. The objective was to study the WaSH practices for under-five children among households of Sugali Tribe, Chittoor district, Andhra Pradesh, India. Methods. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in four mandals in 2012. A total of 500 households with under-five children were identified. Data was collected from mothers/caregivers. A summary WaSH score was generated from four specific indices, water, sanitation, hygiene, and hand washing practices, and determinants were identified. Results. Of the total households, 69% reported doing nothing at home to make the water safe for drinking. Over 90% of the households reported storing water in a utensil covered with a lid and retrieving water by dipping glass in the vessels. Open defecation was a commonly reported practice (84.8%). About three-fifths of the study’s households reported using water and soap for cleaning dirty hands and one-third (37.4%) reported using water and soap after defecation. The median WaSH score was 15. In the hierarchical stepwise multiple linear regression, only socioeconomic variables were significantly associated with WaSH score. Conclusion. WaSH related practices were generally poor in people of the Sugali Tribe in Andhra Pradesh, India.

scholarly journals Study of housing conditions among people of a rural community in Morang, Eastern Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Alok Acharya ◽  
Ava Pokhrel ◽  
Amar Kumar Yadav ◽  
Rimu Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Rural Community ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Housing Conditions ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Improved Sanitation ◽  
Healthy Housing

Background : Poor Housing condition, sanitation and hygiene is associated with adverse health conditions. This study is done to assess the housing conditions, sanitation coverage and hygiene practices among rural community in Bhaudaha VDC, eastern Nepal.Material &Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted from 22nd May 2016 to 22nd November 2016 in Bhaudaha VDC of eastern Nepal with appropriated sample size of 525 participants. A direct interview was taken with structured questionnaire. Chi square test was used to find out association of the variables.Results: Out of 525 respondents, adequate ventilation was present among 54.9% literates followed by 44.2% illiterates (p=0.01) and separate kitchen was also found among 77.2% of literates and 64.6% of illiterates (p=0.002). Among Dalit castes 74.4% had separate kitchen in their house followed by 50.7% janajatis (p<0.001). Covering of stored water was found in 75.8% Dalit and 61.2% Janajati (P=0.003). Improved sanitation was highest among other terai casts (78.1%) followed by Dalits (59.9%) and 58.2% Janajati (p=0.132).Conclusion: There is need of appropriate methods of health education to be focused on all the groups in the community for improvement in sanitation and healthy housing conditions and targeted more towards Janajati and illiterate group and further studies need to be done in different region of Nepal to understand the cause of disparities in housing and sanitation conditions among different groups.Journal of Nobel Medical CollegeVolume 6, Number 2, Issue 11 (July-December, 2017) Page: 1-8

scholarly journals Determinants of vulnerability in early childhood development in Ireland: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. e002387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Curtin ◽  
Jamie Madden ◽  
Anthony Staines ◽  
Ivan J Perry
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Development ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Childhood Development ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

scholarly journals Association between water, sanitation, and hygiene practices (WASH) and anthropometric nutritional status among selected under-five children in rural Noakhali, Bangladesh: a cross-sectional analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susmita Ghosh ◽  
Md. Ruhul Kabir ◽  
Majharul Islam ◽  
Zehad Bin Shadat ◽  
Fahim Sarkar Ishat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Income ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Physical Growth ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Abstract This study aims to find out how WASH practices may be responsible for the development of diarrheal disease and poor physical growth of under-five children in rural Noakahli, Bangladesh. A case study was conducted among 110 households who had children aged between 0 and 59 months chosen by simple random method at Noakhali district, Bangladesh. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was employed to find the association. About 40.1% of children had diarrhea within 1 week prior to the study and 38.9% had skin problems of different kinds. A significant association between wasting and hand washing before feeding the baby (p &lt; 0.006) was found; stunting and family income also showed association (p &lt; 0.003). Bathing the baby regularly, cleaning toilets, and cleanliness of the baby was found to be strongly associated; not cleaning toilets was associated with a very high risk of getting diarrhea (AOR: 16.397 (1.075–250.013)). Moreover, the unavailability of soaps in toilets increased the risk of diarrheal diseases (COR: 3.933 (1.258–12.296)) in the study population. Malnutrition is highly prevalent in children living in the study area and needs to be addressed by considering the factors which affect this rate.

scholarly journals Diarrhoeal diseases and its relation to WaSH practices and MPN count among under-five children residing in Resettlement colony, Delhi

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 512-517
Author(s):  
Risa Vernette Nengminza Sangma ◽  
Sanjeev Kumar Rasania ◽  
Joysula Gnani Prasuna ◽  
Ranjan Das ◽  
Manoj Jais
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Wash Water ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Care Givers ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Total Death ◽  
Diarrhoeal Diseases

Background: Globally, diarrhoeal diseases are the second leading cause of death among under 5 children and India alone accounts for 100,000 lives annually, third highest in the world. In low and middle-income countries, contaminated water has been the major source of diarrhoeal diseases and lack of improper WaSH (Water, Sanitation and Hygiene) practices accounts for 90% of the total death. Aims and Objective: To find out the burden of diarrhoea and its relation to WASH practices among children and mothers/care givers and Presumptive Coliform count of drinking water. Materials and Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study conducted in Resettlement colony, Delhi. A total of 553 under 5 children were studied after attaining consent from mothers/care givers. MPN count per 100 ml was measured from drinking water storage vessel. Result: Prevalence of diarrhoea was found to be 40.70%, being higher among children aged between 13-24 months (57.3%). Out of the total water samples, 37% of samples were unsatisfactory, 36% suspicious and 22% satisfactory. None of the samples were found to be satisfactory. Lack of WaSH practices was observed among mother/care givers.  Conclusion: Understanding the factors influencing the occurrence of diarrhoeal diseases and drinking water quality will help reduce the burden of diarrhoeal diseases.

scholarly journals Diarrhea, Helminth Infection, Dehydration, and Malnutrition Associated with Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Facilities and Poor Handwashing in Schools in Metro Manila, Philippines: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie O. Sangalang ◽  
Nelissa O. Prado ◽  
Allen Lemuel G. Lemence ◽  
Mylene G. Cayetano ◽  
Jinky Leilanie DP. Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
School Based ◽  
Grade 5 ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Metro Manila

AbstractDiarrhea, soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infection, and malnutrition threaten the lives of millions of children globally but particularly in the Global South, where inadequate water, sanitation, and hygiene (WaSH) drive disease risk. The aim of our study was to identify environmental and behavioral risk factors of these diseases among schoolchildren in Metro Manila, Philippines. We analyzed data from a multistage cluster sample of grade 5-10 students to investigate WaSH facilities and hygiene practices. Outcomes were self-reported diarrhea and STH infection and observed malnutrition (stunting, undernutrition, over-nutrition); we used logistic regression models to explore correlates. We included 1,558 students from 15 schools in 3 cities. Over 14% (212) of students experienced diarrhea only, 29.7% (438) experienced STH infection only, and 14% (207) experienced both diarrhea and STH infection. Over 15% (227) of students were stunted, ∼6% (87) were undernourished, and 21% (306) were over-nourished. While diarrhea was associated with poor handwashing, avoiding school restrooms, and lack of a restroom cleaning policy, STH infection was associated with students’ dissatisfaction with school restrooms. Risk of having both diarrhea and STH infection increased when school restrooms lacked water or were unclean. Being only stunted was associated with diarrhea, while being both stunted and undernourished was associated with STH infection. These findings demonstrate that adequate water supply and cleanliness of school WaSH facilities must be achieved and maintained to prevent disease. Future school-based WaSH interventions are recommended to provide clean WaSH facilities that have water, promote handwashing, and discourage avoidance of school toilets.

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