scholarly journals Protozoan pathogens Blastocystis and Giardia spp. in roof-harvested rainwater: the need to investigate the role of the common brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) and other potential sources of zoonotic transmission

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 780-785
Author(s):  
Edward Waters ◽  
Warish Ahmed ◽  
Kerry Ann Hamilton ◽  
Deniss Plaksins ◽  
Damian Stark
Keyword(s):  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Brushtail Possum ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Dientamoeba Fragilis ◽  
Cryptosporidium Spp ◽  
Blastocystis Spp ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract Globally, protozoan pathogens are an increasingly important cause of reported disease outbreaks, with the majority of documented outbreaks between 2004 and 2010 reported in Australia. While the microbiological contamination of roof-harvested rainwater (RHRW) has been well studied, limited information is available regarding contamination with protozoan pathogens. In this study, rainwater (n = 134) and possum fecal samples (n = 20) were screened for the presence of several protozoan pathogens, including Blastocystis spp., Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia spp., Dientamoeba fragilis, and Entamoeba histolytica using the multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction. While Cryptosporidium spp. was only detected in two possum fecal samples (10%) and Giardia spp. was only detected in three RHRW samples (2.23%, n = 134), Blastocystis spp. was detected in both possum feces (25%) and RHRW (5.22%) samples. Dientamoeba fragilis and Entamoeba histolytica were not detected in any samples. These findings highlight protozoan pathogens as a potentially important area of focus for rainwater quality assessment. Furthermore, while possums are suggested as a potential source of Blastocystis spp. in RHRW, sources of this pathogen in RHRW warrant further investigation.

scholarly journals An Investigation of Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) as Potential Vectors of Medically and Veterinary Important Arboviruses in South Africa

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1978
Author(s):  
Jumari Snyman ◽  
Gert J. Venter ◽  
Marietjie Venter
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
African Horse Sickness ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Biting Midges ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Culicoides Biting Midges ◽  
Minimum Infection Rate

Culicoides-borne viruses such as bluetongue, African horse sickness, and Schmallenberg virus cause major economic burdens due to animal outbreaks in Africa and their emergence in Europe and Asia. However, little is known about the role of Culicoides as vectors for zoonotic arboviruses. In this study, we identify both veterinary and zoonotic arboviruses in pools of Culicoides biting midges in South Africa, during 2012–2017. Midges were collected at six surveillance sites in three provinces and screened for Alphavirs, Flavivirus, Orthobunyavirus, and Phlebovirus genera; equine encephalosis virus (EEV); and Rhaboviridae, by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. In total, 66/331 (minimum infection rate (MIR) = 0.4) pools tested positive for one or more arbovirus. Orthobunyaviruses, including Shuni virus (MIR = 0.1) and EEV (MIR = 0.2) were more readily detected, while only 2/66 (MIR = 0.1) Middelburg virus and 4/66 unknown Rhabdoviridae viruses (MIR = 0.0) were detected. This study suggests Culicoides as potential vectors of both veterinary and zoonotic arboviruses detected in disease outbreaks in Africa, which may contribute to the emergence of these viruses to new regions.

scholarly journals Genotyping of Cryptosporidium spp. from a Sewage-Contaminated River in Guilan, Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Mahmoudi MR ◽  
Karanis P
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Cryptosporidium Species ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Cryptosporidium Spp ◽  
Polymerase Chain

The role of water in Cryptosporidium transmission is now well recognized. In the present study, 19 water samples were collected from the river contaminated with wastewater in Guilan, Iran. This province lies along the Caspian Sea and has a Mediterranean-like climate. The species of Cryptosporidium were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay using two set primers: (CPB-DIAGF/R and N-DIAGF2/R2) and (Xiao F1/R1 and F2/R2). A total of 10/19 water samples were positive for Cryptosporidium species (C. parvum, C. muris and C. hominis). The use of sewage-contaminated river water for the irrigation of agriculture farms is a threat of infection to the local population.

scholarly journals High TROAP Expression Correlates With Shorter Survival in Patients With Glioma: A Study Based on Multiple Data Fusion Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhendong Liu ◽  
Runze Liu ◽  
Xingbo Cheng ◽  
Xiaoyu Lian ◽  
Yongjie Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Behavior ◽  
Normal Brain ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Who Grade ◽  
Multiple Data ◽  
Therapeutic Value ◽  
Mrna And Protein Expression ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Fusion Analysis

Abstract Trophinin-associated protein (TROAP) was originally identified to mediate the embryo transfer process and participate in the regulation of microtubules but was later found to be associated with the biological behavior of various types of cancers. However, there is limited information about the role of TROAP in glioma. In this study, thousands of glioma samples were obtained from multiple independent datasets to detect changes in TROAP mRNA and protein expression levels in glioma, we found that compared with normal brain tissues, the expression of TROAP in glioma was significantly increased at both levels. Then, the correlations between TROAP and clinical characteristics and prognosis in glioma were revealed through a series of bioinformatics analysis methods. The overexpression of TROAP was an independent risk factor for glioma and was associated with a reduced overall survival rate of glioma patients. In addition, TROAP had value for determining the prognosis of patients, especially patients with WHO grade III glioma. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to verify the expression level of TROAP in glioma cell lines. Subsequently, GSEA identified homologous recombination, cell cycle and p53 signalling pathways as differentially enriched with the high TROAP expression phenotype. Finally, four drugs that may inhibit TROAP expression and have potential therapeutic value for glioma were screened out through CMap website: bezafibrate, clobetasol, scriptaid, and thioguanosine. In conclusion, TROAP, as a new oncogene, leads to poor prognosis of glioma patients, and as a highly specific biomarker, provides the possibility for individual clinical treatment of glioma patients.

Differential detection of Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba dispar and Entamoeba moshkovskii in fecal samples by nested PCR in the United Arab Emirates (UAE)

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali ElBakri ◽  
Amidou Samie ◽  
Sinda Ezzedine ◽  
Raed Odeh
Keyword(s):  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Nested Pcr ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Health Clinic ◽  
Mixed Infections ◽  
Entamoeba Dispar ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Polymerase Chain

AbstractAmoebiasis is one of the most important infectious diseases afflicting mainly tropical and subtropical countries. This study was carried out in the Sharjah Emirate, UAE in order to accurately detect and differentiate Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba dispar and E. moshkovskii in fecal samples collected from the Sharjah municipality public health clinic by ELISA and nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). One hundred and twenty specimens were examined and the PCR was positive for E. histolytica, E. dispar and E. moshkovskii (collectively referred to as Entamoeba complex) in 19.2% (23 out of 120). Of those, 10% (12/120) were mono — infection with E. histolytica; 2.5% (3/120) with E. dispar; and 2.5% (3/120) E. moshkovskii. The nested PCR also detected mixed infections by both E. histolytica and E. dispar in 3.3% (4/120) and E. dispar and E. moshkovskii in 0.8% (1/120). The TechLab ELISA kit failed to detect E. histolytica in any of the E. histolytica PCR positive samples. Overall, the percentage of E. histolytica including those found in mixed infections was 13.3% (16/120). Compared to nested PCR, microscopy was found to have an overall sensitivity of 52.2% and a specificity of 75.2% for detection of Entamoeba complex. The present study indicates that E. histolytica is present in the UAE with an average incidence rate of 13.3%. However, larger studies need to be conducted in order to confirm these findings. We propose the use of PCR in both the routine diagnosis of amoebiasis and epidemiological survey in the UAE.

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