Analysis of households' vulnerability to waterborne diseases in Yenagoa, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-79
Author(s):  
Odafivwotu Ohwo
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Waterborne Diseases ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
The Government

Abstract Waterborne diseases have serious implications for public health and socio-economic development; hence, this study analyzes households' vulnerability to waterborne diseases in Yenagoa. The study adopted the survey research design, which involves the administration of a structured questionnaire to 400 sampled households using the stratified and systematic sampling techniques, and direct field observation of households' drinking water, sanitation and hygiene facilities. Households' vulnerability to waterborne diseases was determined by households' response to five vulnerability drivers (drinking water source, sanitation facility, hygiene, education, and income). The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Spearman's rank correlation and a waterborne disease vulnerability (WDV) model. The findings revealed that households in Yenagoa were moderately vulnerable to waterborne diseases as the calculated WDV was 55.65%. The Spearman's correlation coefficients for education with sanitation, drinking water sources and hygiene were 0.75, 1, and 0.6, respectively. This shows that the educational status of households is a major determinant of the choice of water source, sanitation, and hygiene practices. It is therefore recommended that much effort should be made by respective households and the government to improve on the quality of the vulnerability drivers, which have the capacity to reduce households' vulnerability to waterborne diseases in Yenagoa.

Water, sanitation and hygiene (WaSH) practices and diarrhoea prevalence among children under five years in a tribal setting in Palghar, Maharashtra, India

2020 ◽  
pp. 136749352091602
Author(s):  
Angeline Jeyakumar ◽  
Swapnil Rajendra Godbharle ◽  
Bibek Raj Giri
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Composite Index ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Water Index ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene

Providing safe drinking water, sanitation and hygiene (WaSH) in geographically isolated settings is a global public health priority. Prevalence of WaSH practices among mothers and diarrhoea among their children (birth to 59 months) was studied in nine randomly selected tribal villages of Mokhada in Palghar, Maharashtra, India. A community-based cross-sectional survey among 577 mother–child pairs was performed. Participants were recruited from the anganwadi list of enrolled children through household visits. WaSH index was used for assessing WaSH practices. Well was the major (47%) drinking water source. Almost 70% treated and covered the stored drinking water. Nearly 75% of the mothers used soap for washing hands before food and 35% after defecation. Open drains and open defecation were observed in 99% and 50% of households, respectively. The median score for drinking water index was 3 (interquartile range (IQR) = 2), personal hygiene index (PHI) was 2 (IQR = 2), household hygiene index (HHI) was 2 (IQR = 1) and composite index (CI) was 6 (IQR = 2). Prevalence of diarrhoea among children was found to be 33.4% and was significantly associated with poor HHI ( p = .007), PHI ( p < .001) and CI ( p < .001). Measures to provide basic WaSH resources combined with efforts to create awareness would ensure improved WaSH practices and prevent diarrhoea.

scholarly journals Household attitudes and knowledge on drinking water enhance water hazards in peri-urban communities in Western Kenya

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimongu J. Kioko ◽  
John F. Obiri
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Waterborne Diseases ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Solid Waste Disposal ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Storage

Ensuring safe drinking water remains a big challenge in developing countries where waterborne diseases cause havoc in many communities. A major challenge is limited knowledge, misinformation and attitudes that work against ensuring that drinking water is safe. This study investigated the knowledge, attitudes and practices of peri-urban households in Kakamega Town of Western Kenya, concerning the collection, treatment and storage of drinking water. Alongside this we examined the role of solid waste disposal in water safety. Three hundred and seventy eight households from four residential regions of varying economic levels were randomly sampled in Kakamega Town. Data was collected via questionnaire interviews that incorporated attitude questions based on a Likert scale of 1−5, and administered to the households and key informants. The results showed most respondents were knowledgeable about ideal methods of water collection, treatment and storage. However, they did not practise them appropriately. Some attitudes among the respondents worked against the ideals of achieving safe drinking water. For instance, many households perceived their drinking water source as safe and did not treat it, even when obtained from open sources like rivers. Further, they preferred to store drinking water in clay pots, because the pots kept the water cold, rather than use the narrow-necked containers that limit exposure to contaminants. Also, hand washing with soap was not practised enough in their daily lives to avoid contact with waterborne hazards. We recommend that the government undertake training programmes on drinking water safety that advocate appropriate water use, hygiene and sanitation strategies.

scholarly journals Hubungan Faktor Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) dengan Stunting di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Kotakulon, Kabupaten Bondowoso

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 164
Author(s):  
Alfadhila Khairil Sinatrya ◽  
Lailatul Muniroh
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Public Health Center ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene

Background: In 2017 prevalence of stunting in, Indonesia reached 29.6% and Bondowoso District was one of district that contributes the third higher prevalence, amounted 38.3%. One of underlying cause of stunting were water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH).Objectives: This research aims to analyze the correlation between WASH with stunting among children aged 24 - 59 months in working area of Kotakulon Public Health Center, Bondowoso District.Methods: This was an observational analytic study with case-control design. The sample size of this research was 66 children aged 24 to 59 months in working area of Kotakulon Public Health Center, Bondowoso District. This case-control study consisted of 33 children in case group and 33 children sample of contro groupl. The dependent variable was stunting status, while the independent variables were drinking water source, quality of drinking water, the ownership of lathrines, and mother’s handwashing habits. The data were analyzed using chi-square test.Results: Hand washing habit (p<0.001; OR=0.12) was a risk factor of stunting in under-five years old  which has risk 0.12 times higher for mother that has a poor handwashing habit, while drinking water source (p=0.41), quality of drinking source (p=0.58), the ownership of lathrines (p=0.22) were not accunted as a risk of stunting.Conclusions: A poor handwashing habit in mother contribute to stunting in working area of Kotakulon Public Health Center, Bondowoso District.ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Pada tahun 2017, prevalensi stunting di Indonesia mencapai angka 29,6% dan Kabupaten Bondowoso adalah kabupaten yang menyumbang angka tertinggi ketiga di Jawa Timur yaitu sebesar 38,3% balita stunting. Salah satu penyebab tidak langsung dari stunting adalah faktor water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH).Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk enganalisis hubungan WASH dengan stunting pada anak usia 24 – 59 bulan di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Kotakulon, Kabupaten Bondowoso.Metode: Jenis penelitian adalah observasional analitik dengan desain kasus kontrol. Besar sampel penelitian yaitu 66 balita usia 24 – 59 bulan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kotakulon, Kabupaten Bondowoso. Penelitian kasus kontrol ini terdiri dari sampel kasus sebanyak 33 balita yang mengalami stunting dan sampel kontrol sebanyak 33 balita yang tidak mengalami stunting. Variabel dependen adalah kejadian stunting. Variabel independen adalah WASH, meliputi sumber air minum, kualitas fisik air minum, kepemilikan jamban, dan kebiasaan cuci tangan ibu. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji chi-square.Hasil: Kebiasaan cuci tangan (p<0,001; OR=0,12) adalah faktor risiko dari stunting pada balita dengan besar risiko 0,12 kali lebih tinggi bagi ibu yang memiliki kebiasaan cuci tangan kurang baik, sedangkan sumber air minum (p=0,415), kualitas fisik air minum (p=0,58), kepemilikan jamban (p=0,22) bukan merupakan faktor risiko dari stunting.Kesimpulan: Kebiasaan cuci tangan yang buruk pada ibu berkontribusi terhadap kejadian stunting di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kotakulon Kabupaten Bondowoso.

scholarly journals An association between water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) and prevalence of trachoma in Monze district of Southern Province, Zambia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Musonda Chikwanda ◽  
Nosiku Munyinda ◽  
Consity Mwale ◽  
Prince Mbanefo ◽  
Tikulirekuti Chileshe Banda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Piped Water ◽  
Hand Wash ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Eye Infection

Abstract This study aims to determine the association between water, sanitation, and hygiene, and the prevalence of trachoma in Monze district, Zambia. The overall prevalence of trachoma among residents of Monze district is 2.0% disaggregated as 3.4% for 1–9 age group and 1.1% for ≥10 age group. The findings reveal an association between trachoma eye infection and drinking water source from protected well/spring, and piped water. After adjusting for other variables, there was an association of drinking water from a protected well/spring (AOR 8.343, CI 1.126–61.803), piped water (AOR 4.127, CI 1.088–15.648), and piped water for washing (AOR 0.172, 95% CI 0.031–0.944.439). The presence of a hand wash facility was very low at 2.9% while hand washing agents were even lower at 0.41%. The study concludes that children are at a higher risk of trachoma prevalence. Other WASH aspects, such as adequacy of water, might be more important than the presence of potable water. The prevalence of trachoma in Monze is WASH focused.

From Administrative to Political Evaluation: Estimating Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Indicators for Parliamentary Constituencies in India

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-212
Author(s):  
Pritha Chatterjee ◽  
Rockli Kim ◽  
Akshay Swaminathan ◽  
Rakesh Kumar ◽  
S.V. Subramanian
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Mass Movement ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Multilevel Modelling ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Weighted Estimates ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Administrative Unit ◽  
Improved Sanitation

With the launch of the Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM), India accelerated access to improved sanitation in a ‘mass movement’ emphasising people’s participation and political leadership. However, SBM continues to be implemented at the administrative unit of districts, disassociated from the political and electoral units of Parliamentary Constituencies (PC). We provide estimates of India’s 543 PCs by their performance on three important Water Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) indicators: unsafe disposal of child stool, unimproved drinking water supply, and unimproved sanitary facilities. We used multilevel modelling to generate precision-weighted estimates of each indicator at PC-level, based on recently developed methodologies linking cluster GPS data from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS), 2016 to potential PCs. We found very high heterogeneity across PCs ranging from 0.95 per cent–95.85 per cent for unsafe stool disposal, 0.35 per cent–64.17 per cent for unimproved drinking water source, and 0.19 per cent–90.69 per cent for unimproved sanitation facility. Unsafe child stool disposal and unimproved sanitary facility were strongly correlated ( r = 0.85, Pearson and r = 0.83, Spearman). Monitoring of SBM data at the PC level will allow parliamentarians to effectively improve WASH conditions in their constituencies, while accounting for critical between-PC variability that may be obfuscated in an approach focussed on state or district means.

Global return flow ratio

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chloé Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Return Flow ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Chemical Contamination ◽  
Flow Ratio ◽  
Piped Water ◽  
Dug Wells

Population using an improved drinking water source (piped water into dwellings, yards or plots; public taps or standpipes; boreholes or tubewells; protected dug wells; or protected springs and rainwater) that is located on premises and available when needed and which is free of faecal and priority chemical contamination. Basin Pollution Quality Waste

scholarly journals Are children’s stools in Ghana disposed of safely? Evidence from the 2014 Ghana demographic and health survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul-Aziz Seidu
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Safe Disposal ◽  
Toilet Facility ◽  
Improved Sanitation ◽  
Northern Zone

Abstract Background Safe disposal of children’s faeces has always been one of the main challenges to good hygiene in Ghana. Although it has been proven that children’s faeces are more likely to spread diseases than adults’ faeces, people usually mistake them for harmlessness. This study, therefore, sought to determine the prevalence and factors associated with safe disposal of children’s faeces in Ghana. Methods Data from the 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey was used for the analysis. A sample size of 2228 mother-child pairs were used for the study. The outcome variable was disposal of children stools. Both bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the factors with safe child stool disposal. Results The prevalence of safe child stool disposal in Ghana was 24.5%. Women in the middle [Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 4.62; Confidence Interval (CI) = 3.00–7.10], Coastal Zone [AOR = 4.52; CI = 2.82–7.22], mothers whose children were aged 12–17 [AOR = 1.56; CI = 1.15–2.13] and 18–23 months [AOR = 1.75; CI = 1.29–2.39], and mothers whose household had improved type of toilet facility [AOR = 2.04; CI = 1.53–2.73] had higher odds of practicing safe children’s faeces disposal. However, women from households with access to improved source of drinking water [AOR = 0.62; CI = 0.45–2.7] had lower odds of practicing safe children’s faeces disposal. Conclusion Approximately only about 25 out of 100 women practice safe disposal of their children’s faeces in Ghana. The age of the child, ecological zone, the type of toilet facilities, and the type of drinking water source are associated with the disposal of child faeces. These findings have proven that only improved sanitation (i.e. drinking water and toilet facilities) are not enough for women to safely dispose of their children’s faeces. Therefore, in addition to provision of toilet facilities especially in the northern zone of Ghana, there is also the need to motivate and educate mothers on safe disposal of children’s stools especially those with children below 12 months. More so, mothers without access to improved toilet facility should also be educated on the appropriate ways to bury their children’s stools safely.

Divergent responses of diverse microalgae commonly found in drinking water source water to UV-C treatment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan Roszell ◽  
Po-Shun Chan ◽  
Brian Petri ◽  
Ted Mao ◽  
Kathleen Nolan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Source Water ◽  
Uv C
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