scholarly journals Determinants of toilet ownership among rural households in six eastern districts of Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 533-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsuaki Hirai ◽  
Andrea Kelsey ◽  
Kay Mattson ◽  
Aidan A. Cronin ◽  
Supriya Mukerji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Generalized Linear Models ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Improved Sanitation ◽  
The Government ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

Abstract In 2012, the Government of Indonesia and UNICEF launched a project within eastern provinces of Indonesia to scale up and strengthen a national hygiene and sanitation program called ‘Sanitasi Total Berbasis Masyarakat’. A formative study prior to the project was conducted to characterize sanitation and hygiene knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) among 1,700 households in six rural Indonesian districts in 2014. Separate multivariate analyses for toilet ownership (outcome 1) and improved sanitation (outcome 2) were conducted with generalized linear models to assess the association between potential determinants and sanitation outcomes. Respondents who agreed that most people do not have a toilet in their community were associated with lower levels of toilet ownership compared to respondents who disagreed with the statement (p < 0.001). The perception that building a toilet is expensive was also associated with reduced toilet ownership in contrast to respondents without this perception (p < 0.001). Embarrassment and convenience were associated with ownership of improved sanitation versus those with shared or unimproved toilets. The study suggests that social norms play an important role in changing sanitation behaviors. Future research should aim to clarify the extent to which norms and other psychosocial factors can be used to influence sanitation practices.

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitudes and practices of primary schools learners on sanitation and hygiene practices

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 3197
Author(s):  
Anna P. K. Shilunga ◽  
Hans J. Amukugo ◽  
Kabwebwe H. Mitonga
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Learning Performance ◽  
Older Learners ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
School Grades ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

Background: Water, sanitation and hygiene played a significant role in schools by reducing water and sanitation related diseases; subsequently improving the health and learning performance of school-aged children. However, ppeople’s knowledge and attitudes on sanitation and hygiene determine the actual practice towards it. This study aimed at assessing and describing the knowledge, attitudes and practices of primary school learners towards sanitation and hygiene.Methods: A quantitative, descriptive design was used. A questionnaire was used to collect data among 450 learners in 10 selected primary schools in Ohangwena region. The study population was grade five, six and seven primary school learners. A three staged probability sampling method was employed. Statistical analysis was done using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 23.Results: The result indicated that younger learners in lower school grades, has poorer knowledge, attitudes and practices towards hygiene and sanitation than older learners irrespective of their gender, school circuits or location. This is a logical conclusion because, as learners become older, they become more aware and take precautions about hygiene and sanitation issues.Conclusions: Younger learners in lower school grades, has poorer knowledge, attitudes and practices towards hygiene and sanitation irrespective of their gender, school circuits or location. The older learners become more aware, and cautious about hygiene and sanitation issues comparing to younger learners. The practice and knowledge of sanitation and hygiene are implicated by the reality of the conditions of the sanitation facilities available to them. 

scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitudes And Practices Towards COVID-19 among Medical Students in International Islamic University Malaysia: An Online Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ikhlas Solehah Abd Rahim ◽  
Muhammad Badrul Nizam Roslan ◽  
Nur Najihah Mohamad Zaini ◽  
Nur Syazwani Kasim ◽  
Muhammad Izz Hilmi Mohd Yazid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Standard Operating Procedure ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
The Government ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

INTRODUCTION: COVID-19 pandemic has caused a major impact to global public health including one of the high risk groups which is the medical students. This study was intended to assess knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) towards COVID-19 among medical students in International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM). MATERIAL AND METHOD: An online cross-sectional study was conducted among 438 medical students of IIUM from 6th July 2020 to 9th July 2020. KAP towards COVID-19 was measured using a structured Malay and English version questionnaire consisting of 13 items on knowledge, 3 items on attitudes and 3 items on practices. RESULTS: The average correct response rate on knowledge was 85.4%. Only 12.1% of the students had correct knowledge on all items, and 1 in every 4 and 5 students had misconceptions on the clinical features and transmission of COVID-19. In term of attitudes towards COVID-19, majority of the respondents believed that COVID-19 would be effectively controlled (85%) and had faith that Malaysia could overcome the war against COVID-19 (99%). Most of the respondents practiced good towards COVID-19 in avoiding crowded places (90%), wearing face masks (95%) and practicing hand hygiene (91.6%). CONCLUSION: Although the results are positive towards KAP, only 1 in every 10 students responded correctly to all knowledge questions, and few proportions had misconceptions on the disease and did not maintain adequate practices. Policies aimed at appropriate health promotion activities may ensure empowering the medical students with adequate knowledge on all aspects of COVID-19, and practice properly following the standard operating procedure implemented by the government.

scholarly journals Factors Contributing To Low Sanitation Coverage In Mutare Rural Ward 15 Manicaland Province, Zimbabwe

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 3104-3113
Author(s):  
Whatmore Chikwature ◽  
Emilia Chikwature
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Household Members ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

The research was carried out to investigate the causes of low sanitation and hygiene coverage in Mutare rural ward 15 in Manicaland province, Zimbabwe. The study aimed at establishing factors contributing to low sanitation and hygiene coverage as well as determining the knowledge, attitudes and practices of the community members on sanitation and hygiene. The study was carried out in Mutare rural Ward 15. The community members and programme implementers were selected as study elements. Information was gathered using focus group discussion, interviews and observations. Data collected was presented quantitatively using tables and also qualitatively, providing facts. The stratified and purposive probability sampling was used to draw out household members in the study population. Other subjects in the research included 2 sanitation and hygiene programme implementers, one from Ministry of Health & Child Care and Mutare rural Ward 15 Councilor respectively. The research findings revealed that, low sanitation and hygiene was due to, the community’s negative attitude towards sanitation and hygiene programs, their cultural values, inadequate resources, lack of supervision, as well as the type of soil. This study concluded that knowledge, attitudes and practices of the community, inadequate supervision and resources as well as the type of soil contributed to low sanitation and hygiene coverage. The research therefore recommended that, the community be adequately educated and be provided with enough resources so as to increase coverage in sanitation and hygiene

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) towards COVID-19 among Palestinians during the COVID-19 outbreak: A cross-sectional survey

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0244925
Author(s):  
Nouar Qutob ◽  
Faisal Awartani
Keyword(s):  
Educational Level ◽  
West Bank ◽  
Infected Individual ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
The West ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Preventative Measures ◽  
The Government ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious illness that spreads rapidly through human-to-human transmission. On March 5, the government of Palestine declared a state of emergency in order to curb the spread of the virus, a declaration that it extended for a fifth time on July 5th. The degree to which a population complies with corresponding safety measures is surely affected by the people’s knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) towards the disease. To explore this hypothesis, we gathered data from 1,731 Palestinians between April 19thand May 1st, 2020 through a KAP questionnaire. The participant pool represented a stratified sample of Palestinians living across a number of governorates in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, with 36.5% from Gaza and (63.5%) from the West Bank. Gender was almost equally distributed within the sample with (51%) men respondents and (49%) women respondent. The questionnaire included 17 questions about participants’ knowledge and awareness of COVID–19, 17 questions regarding the safety measures they had taken in the wake of the outbreak and 3 questions asking them to assess the efficacy of the government’s response to the pandemic. Our data shows that 79% of the respondents have good awareness about transmission of the virus, 55.6% were knowledgeable of the symptoms exhibited by an infected individual, 81% were aware of the preventative measures and 82% demonstrated awareness of the risk groups. Most participants complied with preventative measures (77%) and 62% the study participants agreed that stricter measures have to be enforced by the government to limit the spread of the virus. Our study revealed that younger participants and people with higher educational level demonstrated more awareness of the virus. Also, Women were reported to be more aware of preventative measures and to have complied more with good practices. We report that residents of the West Bank have complied more with the right practices when compared to residents of Gaza. Based on the results of this study, we conclude that health education programs aimed at improving the public’s understanding of COVID-19 are important in helping the population maintain appropriate practices and should be target people with lower educational level, and that findings such as those discussed in this report may provide valuable feedback to lawmakers working to stop the spread of the virus.

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) towards COVID-19 among university students in Pakistan: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 681-686
Author(s):  
Shah Faisal ◽  
Junaidi Khotib ◽  
Elida Zairina
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Government ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Area Of Study

Abstract Objectives Pakistan has taken unprecedented measures to control the spread of COVID-19. Complete lockdown followed by smart lockdown and quarantine centres was established. Their awareness and attitude towards COVID-19 had an impact on the individual behaviour of the precautionary measures. The current study examined the knowledge, attitudes and practices of university students in Pakistan. Methods An online cross-sectional study was conducted among university students in Pakistan. A questionnaire containing demographic and KAP information related to COVID-19 has been created. Results A total of 358 students responded to the survey, and 353 participants completed the study. Among the respondents, 61.5% were male, 76.8% were single, and 58.4% enrolled in a bachelor’s degree. The results showed that most of the respondents (68%) had good knowledge about COVID-19, while the overall knowledge score was 8.78 ± 1.63 (range 1–10). The majority of the respondents (90.9%) were aware of COVID-19, 95.8% knew the sign and symptoms, and 83% of them knew about its transmission. We found a significant difference in knowledge scores across education and area of study p<0.05. More than half (53.5%) of the respondents were satisfied with the facilities provided by the government of Pakistan. The average practices score among the students was 5.08 ± 1.312. A significant difference was found among practice score and area of study p<0.05. Conclusions Most of the students have an adequate level of knowledge and are doing better preventive measures against COVID-19. Health education initiatives are required to ensure best practice among the high-risk groups.

scholarly journals The study of knowledge, attitudes and practices of husbands accompanying patients at obstetrics clinics of a tertiary care center about contraception

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 2658
Author(s):  
Manisha Sharma ◽  
Sri Sarana ◽  
Atul Seth
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Contraception ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Tertiary Care Center ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Effective Contraception ◽  
The Government ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

Background: Contraceptive practices are the main tool we have in controlling the ever increasing population. It also has a huge role in preventing sexually transmitted infections. The present study was undertaken to find the knowledge, attitudes and practices of husbands accompanying patient at obstetrics clinics of a tertiary care center about contraception.Methods: The study population was 100 husbands accompanying patients at obstetrics clinics of a tertiary care center. A simple questionnaire of 26 questions regarding knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding contraception was provided to the consenting husbands. The results were then analyzed.Results: Vast majority have adequate knowledge about male contraception (93%), vasectomy (85%) and sexually transmitted diseases (72%). Most of the husbands do not have adequate knowledge about female contraception (only 59%) and emergency contraception (only 27%). 70% of the husbands do not know about the free contraceptives provided by the Government of India. A staggering 74% do not participate in effective contraception. Also, 77% agreed that they would remain contended with a single child.Conclusions: This cross-sectional study clearly shows that husbands accompanying patients at obstetrics clinic of a tertiary care center have adequate knowledge about male contraception, vasectomy and sexually transmitted diseases. It is worth noting that most of the husbands do not have adequate knowledge about female contraception, emergency contraception and free contraceptives provided by the Government of India. Very few couples participate in effective contraception despite wanting to adopt a small family norm. This is a pointer towards the ineffectiveness of the family planning program of our country.

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitudes and practices survey of cardiac rehabilitation among cardiologists and cardiac surgeons in Lebanon

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Farah ◽  
Wim Groot ◽  
Milena Pavlova
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Rehabilitation ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Rehabilitation Centers ◽  
Barriers To Access ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
The Government ◽  
Cardiac Surgeons ◽  
Patient Enrolment ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

Abstract Background Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Over three quarters of the cardiovascular deaths take place in low and middle-income countries. Despite the benefits, Cardiac Rehabilitation (CR) is still not routinely and not universally available. Numerous studies have found that barriers to access to CR are correlated with providers, patients and environment characteristics. This first national survey on CR in Lebanon assesses the knowledge, attitudes and practices among physicians. In addition, the study identifies what the main barriers to access to CR are and provides suggestions for the implementation of CR in the country. Results The response rate was 41.5% (n = 83). Results show that the cardiologists have medium level of knowledge about CR and its multidisciplinary content. Physicians support the implementation of a comprehensive CR program in the country. 50% of the physicians recommended first to solve the financial issues before implementing a CR program. Supplementary learning about the benefits of CR is highly recommended to enroll more patients with CVD into CR. In addition, the lack of specialists in the field, lack of motivation for patients to enroll to CR and inconvenient location of the rehabilitation centers were identified as major barriers by the respondents. Conclusions The role of physicians in promoting patient enrolment should be optimized and exploited in the country. The access barriers identified can help to develop CR programs and to improve CR referral and enrolment rates. Funds from private parties and a budget from the government are needed to launch new CR programs in the country. Further research is needed to provide evidence on the CR benefits in Lebanon and to motivate policy-makers to place priority on the establishment of a comprehensive CR program in the country.

scholarly journals Temporal analysis of water, sanitation, and hygiene data from knowledge, attitudes, and practices surveys in the protracted humanitarian crisis in Myanmar

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 806-817
Author(s):  
Marta Domini ◽  
Sunny Guidotti ◽  
Daniele Lantagne
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Waste Collection ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Humanitarian Crisis ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Emergency Events ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

Abstract Knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) surveys are commonly conducted by humanitarian actors at project baseline and endline. We hypothesized summarized KAP data could inform water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) programming and strategies. In conflict-affected Myanmar, the WASH Cluster collated KAP documents from 2011 to 2016. After developing a methodology for KAP temporal analysis, we reviewed provided documents against inclusion criteria; extracted and categorized data; created a WASH activities and emergency events timeline; completed temporal analysis; and triangulated and summarized results. Sixteen documents met inclusion criteria assessing WASH data at the national level (19%), in Rakhine (56%) or Kachin State (25%). Twenty-five WASH metrics were extracted and categorized. We found WASH knowledge and attitudes (e.g. handwashing knowledge) increased over time; practices (e.g. handwashing) also increased, but at a lower rate and less consistently; and increases were related to WASH programming. Using this methodology, we identified gaps (safe water storage, risk of children's feces, focus on vulnerable populations), barriers (cultural and religious beliefs), and programmatic recommendations (continue hygiene promotion, focusing on closing gaps, and improve waste collection systems) in Myanmar. Additionally, to enable temporal analysis and improve WASH programming, we recommend WASH Clusters standardize KAP data collection tools and analysis in the future.

scholarly journals Family Planning Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices among Married Men and Women in Rural Areas of Pakistan: Findings from a Qualitative Need Assessment Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghulam Mustafa ◽  
Syed Khurram Azmat ◽  
Waqas Hameed ◽  
Safdar Ali ◽  
Muhammad Ishaque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Modern Contraceptive ◽  
Modern Contraception ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
The Government ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

This paper presents the findings of a qualitative assessment aimed at exploring knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding family planning and factors that influence the need for and use of modern contraceptives. A descriptive exploratory study was conducted with married women and men aged between 15 and 40. Overall, 24 focus group discussions were conducted with male and female participants in three provinces of Pakistan. The findings reveal that the majority knew about some modern contraceptive methods, but the overall contraceptive use was very low. Knowledge and use of any contraceptive method were particularly low. Reasons for not using family planning and modern contraception included incomplete family size, negative perceptions, in-laws’ disapproval, religious concerns, side-effects, and lack of access to quality services. The majority preferred private facilities over the government health facilities as the later were cited as derided. The study concluded the need for qualified female healthcare providers, especially for long term family planning services at health facilities instead of camps arranged occasionally. Addressing issues around access, affordability, availability, and sociocultural barriers about modern contraception as well as involving men will help to meet the needs and ensure that the women and couples fulfill their childbearing and reproductive health goals.

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