scholarly journals Operating parameters for three resource recovery options from slow-pyrolysis of faecal sludge

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 707-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gold ◽  
M. Cunningham ◽  
M. Bleuler ◽  
R. Arnheiter ◽  
A. Schönborn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Hold Time ◽  
Resource Recovery ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Pathogen Inactivation ◽  
Fuel Production ◽  
Slow Pyrolysis ◽  
Soil Enhancement ◽  
Faecal Sludge

Abstract Slow-pyrolysis is a treatment technology that is being explored for treatment of faecal sludge (FS) from onsite sanitation technologies. Next to pathogen inactivation, the technology produces treatment products. Revenues from these products could offset treatment costs and contribute to financially viable sanitation. In comparison to lignocellulosic biomass and other biowastes, little information is available on operating parameters for FS pyrolysis to produce char for different resource recovery options. In Kampala, Uganda, this bench-scale study investigated the influence of two major operating parameters, hold time (10, 20 and 40 minutes) and pyrolysis temperature (350, 450 and 600 °C) for pyrolysis of FS into char for solid fuel production, soil enhancement and carbon sequestration. Hold time: 10 min was the most suitable hold time for all resource recovery options as char characteristics had only minor variations between hold times. Temperature: Char characteristics identified 350 °C as the most suitable for fuel production and 450 or 600 °C for carbon sequestration. FS char had characteristics for soil enhancement comparable to biowaste and lignocellulosic biomass chars, with heavy metal concentration exceeding guideline concentrations. The most suitable temperature needs to be selected based on plant and soil type, and legal regulations.

scholarly journals Faecal sludge drying beds: increasing drying rates for fuel resource recovery in Sub-Saharan Africa

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alsane Seck ◽  
Moritz Gold ◽  
Seydou Niang ◽  
Mbaye Mbéguéré ◽  
Cheikh Diop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Financial Incentive ◽  
Resource Recovery ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Fuel Production ◽  
Disposal Options ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Drying Rates ◽  
Sludge Drying ◽  
Treatment And Disposal ◽  
Faecal Sludge

In urban Sub-Saharan Africa, the collection and transport of faecal sludge (FS) typically ends up with FS directly dumped into the urban environment, as safe treatment and disposal options are too expensive or non-existent. Resource recovery from FS treatment, such as dried FS as an industrial fuel, could provide a financial incentive to increase access to FS management services. In Dakar, Senegal, enhanced drying to reduce the footprint of drying beds for fuel production was evaluated. Greenhouses did not increase drying rates over uncovered beds, however, daily mixing of FS on the surface of the beds resulted in a 6 day reduction to achieve 90% total solids (TS). FS was dried to 90% TS in 2 weeks for loading rates of 100 kg TS/m2*year, and 3 weeks for 150 kg TS/m2*year. The results indicate that with simple but innovative adaptations, footprints of treatment plants could be reduced and/or treatment capacities increased by 20%. FS can be adequately dried in Dakar to produce fuel, meaning 8.25 tons of dried FS could currently be produced daily, contributing 31,403 GJ/year fuel to industries. In addition, this financial incentive could reduce FS that is currently discharged untreated to the environment, and provide an additional 116,705 GJ/year.

Resource recovery of lignocellulosic biomass waste into lactic acid - Trends to sustain cleaner production

2022 ◽  
Vol 301 ◽  
pp. 113925
Author(s):  
Diego A. Esquivel-Hernández ◽  
J. Saúl García-Pérez ◽  
Itzel Y. López-Pacheco ◽  
Hafiz M.N. Iqbal ◽  
Roberto Parra-Saldívar
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Resource Recovery ◽  
Cleaner Production ◽  
Biomass Waste

Bridging chemical- and bio-catalysis: high-value liquid transportation fuel production from renewable agricultural residues

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 660-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuang Xue ◽  
Min Liu ◽  
Xinwen Guo ◽  
Elton P. Hudson ◽  
Lijie Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Rural Economy ◽  
Catalytic Conversion ◽  
Agricultural Residues ◽  
Fuel Production ◽  
Transportation Fuel ◽  
Diesel Fuels

Catalytic conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to high-value transportation petrol, jet and diesel fuels is of great importance to develop versatile renewable energy and boost the rural economy, thus it is receiving worldwide attention.

Catalysed-microwave based Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass of Camelina Sativa L. for Bio-Fuel Production

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjay Mohan Gupta ◽  
Kamal Kumar ◽  
Rakshit Pathak ◽  
Sanjai Kumar Dwivedi
Keyword(s):  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Camelina Sativa ◽  
Cellulosic Biomass ◽  
Fuel Production ◽  
Glucose Content ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Pre Treatment

<p>Lignocellulosic biomasses are promising alternative resource for bio-fuel production. But due to the recalcitrant nature of lignin and hemicellulose, necessitates an efficient pre-treatment process to improve the yield of reducing sugars and maximising the enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency. Catalysed-microwave pre-treatment may be a good alternative as compared to other methods since it can reduce the time and improve the enzymatic activity during hydrolysis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of the catalysed-microwave based pre-treatment of lignocellulosic biomass of Camelina sativa straw (CSS) to overcome the recalcitrant nature of cellulosic biomass. The microwave-alkaline (2 % NaOH) pre-treatment of CSS at 250 W for 10 min yields maximum (~422 mg/g) total soluble sugars (TSS) production during hydrolysis. Likewise, the maximum glucose content (~294 mg/g) was measured in 2 % alkaline-microwave pre-treatment for 10 min at RT. However, slight increase in lignin degradation was observed with the increase in alkaline hydroxide concentration and microwave irradiation exposure time. The maximum degradation in lignin content (~83 %) was measured in 3 % alkaline-microwave pre-treatment for 20 min at RT. Our results suggest that the microwave-alkaline pre-treatment approach may be employed for comprehensive utilisation of CSS biomass of Camelina sativa L. cv. Calena (EC643910) for bio-fuel production.</p>

scholarly journals Hydrothermal carbonization of medical wastes and lignocellulosic biomass for solid fuel production from lab-scale to pilot-scale

Energy ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
pp. 312-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yafei Shen ◽  
Shili Yu ◽  
Shun Ge ◽  
Xingming Chen ◽  
Xinlei Ge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Solid Fuel ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Fuel Production ◽  
Medical Wastes

scholarly journals Material Flow Analysis as a Decision Supporting Tool for Faecal Sludge Resource Recovery: Mathematical Formulation and Quantification

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-115
Author(s):  
Isabela T. Mkude ◽  
Tolly Mbwette ◽  
Richard J. Kimwaga ◽  
Sara Gabrielsson
Keyword(s):  
Material Flow ◽  
Mathematical Formulation ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Material Flow Analysis ◽  
Resource Recovery ◽  
Dar Es Salaam ◽  
Situational Analysis ◽  
Sanitation Systems ◽  
Dar Es Salaam City ◽  
Faecal Sludge

In this work, a conceptual framework for faecal sludge (FS) management and resource recovery in Dar es Salaam city was developed. Material Flow Analysis (MFA) approach was used to assess and quantify the current materials and nutrients to support on decisions for nutrient recovery and minimize environmental pollution in three unplanned settlements of Manzese, Keko and Kipawa in Dar es Salaam city. Nitrogen and Phosphorus were chosen as indicators for the evaluation of the process. The results showed that about 75% of the Dar es Salaam city population relies on pit latrines and 15% connected to septic tanks, translating to a large amount of faecal sludge being contained onsite. The situational analysis study on faecal sludge management (FSM) showed that the collection, treatment and proper disposal of FS are the major challenges that pose risks to public health. Currently, 57% of faecal sludge generated in Dar es Salaam is disposed to the environment inappropriately. Onsite Sanitation Systems in all study areas are the main polluters, discharging large quantity of nutrients to the environment. About 37.7% of faecal sludge is with large amount of nutrients emptied from onsite sanitation systems discharged to the environment and through seepage to the groundwater.

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