scholarly journals Sustained use in a relief-to-recovery household water chlorination program in Haiti: comparing external evaluation findings with internal supervisor and community health worker monitoring data

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Wilner ◽  
Emma Wells ◽  
Michael Ritter ◽  
Jean Marcel Casimir ◽  
Kenneth Chui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Health ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Development Program ◽  
External Evaluation ◽  
Household Water Treatment ◽  
Emergency Relief ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Chlorine Residual ◽  
Household Water ◽  
Water Chlorination

After the January 2010 earthquake in Haiti, an existing development program promoting household water treatment with chlorine rapidly expanded and provided relief to 15,000 earthquake-affected households. Initially, 157 community health workers (CHWs) distributed chlorine tablets; ten months later, CHWs began selling locally manufactured solution. The program was externally evaluated in March and November 2010; 77–90% of recipients had free chlorine residual (FCR) in household water. Internal monitoring by three supervisors and 157 CHWs also began in 2010. We analyzed results from 9,832 supervisor and 80,371 CHW monitoring visits conducted between 2010 and 2014 to assess: whether success continued in the rehabilitation phase; internal data validity; and factors impacting adoption. In 2010, 72.7% of supervisor visits documented total chlorine residual (TCR) comparable to external evaluation results. TCR presence was associated with certain supervisors/CHWs, earlier program year and month (in 2014, supervisor visits TCR presence dropped to 52.1%), living in plains (not mountainous) regions, and certain calendar months. CHW visits recorded 18.1% higher TCR presence than supervisor visits, indicating bias. Our results document a program with sustained (although slightly declining) household chlorination use, provide insight into validity in internal monitoring, and inform discussions on the value of linking successful development programs to emergency relief, rehabilitation, and development.

scholarly journals Point-of-use chlorination of turbid water: results from a field study in Tanzania

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 544-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussein Mohamed ◽  
Joe Brown ◽  
Robert M. Njee ◽  
Thomas Clasen ◽  
Hamisi M. Malebo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potable Water ◽  
Double Dose ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Household Water Treatment ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Chlorine Disinfection ◽  
Point Of Use ◽  
Household Water ◽  
Rural Water ◽  
Water Chlorination

Household-based chlorine disinfection is widely effective against waterborne bacteria and viruses, and may be among the most inexpensive and accessible options for household water treatment. The microbiological effectiveness of chlorine is limited, however, by turbidity. In Tanzania, there are no guidelines on water chlorination at household level, and limited data on whether dosing guidelines for higher turbidity waters are sufficient to produce potable water. This study was designed to assess the effectiveness of chlorination across a range of turbidities found in rural water sources, following local dosing guidelines that recommend a ‘double dose’ for water that is visibly turbid. We chlorinated water from 43 sources representing a range of turbidities using two locally available chlorine-based disinfectants: WaterGuard and Aquatabs. We determined free available chlorine at 30 min and 24 h contact time. Our data suggest that water chlorination with WaterGuard or Aquatabs can be effective using both single and double doses up to 20 nephelometric turbidity units (NTU), or using a double dose of Aquatabs up to 100 NTU, but neither was effective at turbidities greater than 100 NTU.

scholarly journals Fostering Resilience in Pregnancy and Early Childhood During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The HUGS/Abrazos Program Design and Implementation

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meisui Liu ◽  
Fernanda Neri Mini ◽  
Carlos Torres ◽  
Gracia M. Kwete ◽  
Alexy Arauz Boudreau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Behavioral Health ◽  
Community Health Workers ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Emergency Relief ◽  
Health Support

Pregnancy and early childhood pose unique sensitivity to stressors such as economic instability, poor mental health, and social inequities all of which have been magnified by the COVID-19 pandemic. In absence of protective buffers, prolonged exposure to excessive, early adversity can lead to poor health outcomes with significant impact lasting beyond the childhood years. Helping Us Grow Stronger (HUGS/Abrazos) is a community-based program, designed and launched at the time of the COVID-19 surge in the Spring of 2020, that combines emergency relief, patient navigation, and direct behavioral health support to foster family resilience and mitigate the negative impacts of COVID-related toxic stress on pregnant women and families with children under age 6. Through a targeted referral process, community health workers provide resource navigation for social needs, and a social worker provides behavioral health support. The use of innovative tools such as a centralized resource repository, community health workers with specialized knowledge in this age range, and a direct referral system seeks to assist in streamlining communication and ensuring delivery of quality care. We aim to serve over 300 families within the 1st year. The HUGS/Abrazos program aims to fill an important void by providing the necessary tools and interventions to support pregnant women and young families impacted by adversity exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals INTEGRATED TRADITIONAL HEALTH SERVICE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY IN COMMUNITY HEALTH CENTER IN DENPASAR BALI

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 125-135
Author(s):  
Ni Putu Eka Cahyati ◽  
I Ketut Widnyana ◽  
I Gusti Ngurah Alit Wiswasta ◽  
Ni Putu Pandawani
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Community Empowerment ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Service Development ◽  
Traditional Health ◽  
Integration Program

Traditional Health Services (Yankestrad) is a development program that is a priority of the Indonesian government, and its existence is of sufficient interest to the public so that it needs to be developed to improve public health. Yankestrad can be combined with conventional health services to be implemented in an integrated manner in hospitals and in health centers. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the Yankestrad program in Denpasar Bali and develop strategies for the development of the Yankestrad Integration program at community health centers (Puskesmas) in Denpasar Bali. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative using SWOT analysis. The results showed that the implementation of the Yankestrad Integration program in Denpasar City was categorized as sufficient. The dominant internal factor being the strength is that the vision and mission of the Yankestrad program has been stated in the strategic plan and trained and certified health workers, while the weakness is that the officers hold multiple programs so that they do not focus on providing services. The external factor, the biggest opportunity is community empowerment through independent care groups with the use of family medicinal plants (TOGA), and the biggest threat is that the community still tends to curative rather than preventive efforts and the community still sees Yankestrad as magical / mystical. Yankestrad Integration development strategy can be carried out by supporting an aggressive growth policy or a Streng Opportunity strategy, namely by taking advantage of opportunities to use their strengths for the sustainability of the program.

Bringing Community Health Workers into the Mainstream of U.S. Health Care

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Pittman ◽  
Anne Sunderland ◽  
Andrew Broderick ◽  
Kevin Barnett
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Community Health Workers ◽  
Health Workers
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