Effect of hydraulic loading frequency on performance of planted drying beds for the treatment of faecal sludge

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 633-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
El hadji Mamadou Sonko ◽  
Mbaye Mbéguéré ◽  
Cheikh Diop ◽  
Seydou Niang ◽  
Linda Strande
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Loading Frequency ◽  
Treatment Performance ◽  
Pathogen Reduction ◽  
Faecal Sludge

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of loading frequency on treatment performance of faecal sludge (FS) with drying beds planted with Echinochloa pyramidalis. Beds were loaded at a constant total solids (TS) loading rate of 200 kg TS/m2*year, at a frequency of 1X, 2X or 3X per week. The FS was highly variable, with a range of 2,600–21,492 mg/L TS, which resulted in variable hydraulic loadings. Weekly monitoring was conducted 23 times over a period of nine months. Increased loading frequency resulted in increased plant growth with 211, 265 and 268 plants/m2, respectively, for the 1X, 2X and 3X, and the 2X and 3X loadings had 12–13% more liquid lost due to evapotranspiration versus percolation. Even with high removals that were resistant to variable hydraulic loadings, leachate had 883–5,228 mg/L TS, 49–727 mg/L total suspended solids and 92–1,853 mg/L chemical oxygen demand due to the high initial concentrations. Increased loading frequency resulted in greater nitrification, with 7–28, 18–43 and 28–51 mg/L NO3− for 1X, 2X and 3X, respectively. FS requires a longer storage time than three months for stabilization and pathogen reduction. These results provide valuable information for FS planted drying bed operation.

Variability of treatment performance in constructed wetlands

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Kuehn ◽  
James A. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Matched Pairs ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Treatment Performance ◽  
Over Time

Eight constructed wetland ponds treating pulp mill effluent were monitored for removal of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and total suspended solids (TSS). Matched pairs of ponds differed by retention times and vegetation types. Analysis showed that variations over time between pairs of similar ponds were small. Performance of similarly designed constructed wetlands should be similar. TSS effluent concentrations varied by vegetation type, while BOD effluent concentrations varied with season.

Aeration and Water Hyacinths in Waste Stabilization Ponds

1987 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 265-271
Author(s):  
P. R. Thomas ◽  
H. O. Phelps
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Substantial Improvement ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Stabilization Ponds ◽  
Water Hyacinths

The investigation was based on two facultative stabilization ponds initially designed to operate in parallel, and now receive wastewater in excess of their capacities from a fast expanding housing estate in the Caribbean Island of Trinidad. Because of the deterioration of the effluent quality relative to acceptable standards, an attempt was made to upgrade the ponds using water hyacinths at the early stages. However, from the results, it was clear that the introduction of water hyacinths in the test pond did not lead to any substantial improvement in the effluent because of the high loading on the pond. Therefore the ponds were modified to operate in series with surface aerators installed in the first pond. Initially, the effluent quality was monitored in terms of total suspended solids, volatile suspended solids, biochemical oxygen demand, faecal coliform bacteria, pH and dissolved oxygen with aeration in the first pond and no aquatic plants in the second pond. Although there was a significant improvement in the effluent quality, the values remained above the standards. As a result, water hyacinths were introduced in the second pond and the effluent quality monitored together with aeration in the first pond. The effluent quality improved with total suspended solids and biochemical oxygen demand values both as low as 10 mg/l in certain months, but additional treatment was needed to reduce faecal conforms.

Evaluating the treatment performance of a full scale Activated Sludge Plant in Islamabad, Pakistan

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Fatima ◽  
S. Jamal Khan
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Operational Parameter ◽  
Mixed Liquor ◽  
Treatment Performance

In this study, the performance of wastewater treatment plant located at sector I-9 Islamabad, Pakistan, was evaluated. This full scale domestic wastewater treatment plant is based on conventional activated sludge process. The parameters which were monitored regularly included total suspended solids (TSS), mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS), mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSS), biological oxygen demand (BOD), and chemical oxygen demand (COD). It was found that the biological degradation efficiency of the plant was below the desired levels in terms of COD and BOD. Also the plant operators were not maintaining consistent sludge retention time (SRT). Abrupt discharge of MLSS through the Surplus Activated sludge (SAS) pump was the main reason for the low MLSS in the aeration tank and consequently low treatment performance. In this study the SRT was optimized based on desired MLSS concentration between 3,000–3,500 mg/L and required performance in terms of BOD, COD and TSS. This study revealed that SRT is a very important operational parameter and its knowledge and correct implementation by the plant operators should be mandatory.

scholarly journals DECOLOURIZATION OF TRIPHENYLMETHANE DYES AND DYE INDUSTRY EFFLUENT BY STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS ISOLATED FROM DYE CONTAMINATED SITE

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 258 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sandhiya ◽  
K. Sumaiya Begum ◽  
D. Charumathi
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Dye Decolorization ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Biological Oxygen Demand ◽  
Dyeing Wastewater ◽  
Triphenylmethane Dyes ◽  
Dissolved Solids

<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objectives of the present study were a) to isolate and screen bacteria for dye removal from synthetic solution b) to optimize various variables such as pH, static/shaking and initial dye concentration on degradation of triphenyl methane dyes namely basic violet 3 and basic green 4 by isolated <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> c) to analyse enzymes involved in the biodegradation of triphenylmethane dyes d) to treat real leather dyeing wastewater with newly isolated strain of <em>Staphylococcus aureus </em>e) to characterize untreated and treated leather dyeing wastewater f) to study the effects of real and treated effluent on plants and <em>Rhizobium</em>.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Isolation of bacteria from sludge was carried out by spread plate method and the bacteria was identified by morphological and biochemical characterization. The isolated bacterium was screened for dye decolorization potential of triphenylmethane dyes basic violet 3 and basic green 4 The effects of parameters were studied by varying pH (from 3 to 9), temperature (from 15-45 °C), and initial dye concentration (from 10-500 mg/l). The enzyme involved in biodegradation was studied in intracellular extract. Real leather dyeing wastewater was treated with the bacteria and characterized. The treated wastewater was tested on plants and <em>Rhizobium </em>for toxicity. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Dye decolorization potential of bacteria <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> isolated from wastewater for leather dyes basic violet 3 and basic green 4 were evaluated. Dye decolorization using bacteria was found to be dependent on physicochemical parameters (shaking, pH and initial dye concentration). Enzymes NADH-DCIP reductase and MG reductase were found to play dominant role during biodegradation of synthetic dyes. Application oriented studies using growing bacteria in pure cultures were carried out with leather dyeing wastewater collected from DKS prime tanners. Analysis of raw leather dyeing wastewater showed high pollution load in terms of color, Total solids, Total suspended solids, Total dissolved solids and Biological oxygen demand whereas the leather dyeing wastewater treated with pure culture of <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> showed considerable decrease in Total solids, Total suspended solids, Total dissolved solids and Biological oxygen demand values which were within the permissible limits. Phytotoxicity and microbial toxicity studies confirmed the non-toxic nature of treated leather dyeing wastewater. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study proved that <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> can serve as a potential remediation agent for the treatment of leather dyeing wastewater.</p>

scholarly journals Shewhart's control charts and process capability ratio applied to a sewage treatment station

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 770-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fábio Orssatto ◽  
Marcio A. Vilas Boas ◽  
Ricardo Nagamine ◽  
Miguel A. Uribe-Opazo
Keyword(s):  
Control Charts ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Process Capability ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Statistical Control ◽  
Environmental Legislation ◽  
Shewhart Control Charts ◽  
Shewhart Control

The current study used statistical methods of quality control to evaluate the performance of a sewage treatment station. The concerned station is located in Cascavel city, Paraná State. The evaluated parameters were hydrogenionic potential, settleable solids, total suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand and biochemical oxygen demand in five days. Statistical analysis was performed through Shewhart control charts and process capability ratio. According to Shewhart charts, only the BOD(5.20) variable was under statistical control. Through capability ratios, we observed that except for pH the sewage treatment station is not capable to produce effluents under characteristics that fulfill specifications or standard launching required by environmental legislation.

scholarly journals Wastewater treatment in flow photobioreactors continuous illuminated by artificial and solar light

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. e183963748
Author(s):  
Rafael Souza Leopoldino Nascimento ◽  
Ludymyla Marcelle Lima Silva ◽  
Lucas Periard ◽  
Anibal da Fonseca Santiago
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Operational Stability ◽  
Artificial Light ◽  
Light Emitting

The technology of microalgae photobioreactors and illuminated by LEDs has been widely studied for the treatment of wastewater. However, sunlight is a free resource and should be taken advantage of. But the question remains whether photobioreactors illuminated by natural (sunlight) light in combination with artificial light can have greater operational stability or greater performance when compared to systems illuminated only by artificial light. In this context, continuous flow photobioreactors illuminated by Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) combined, or not, with sunlight were operated and had their performance evaluated. The variables analyzed were pH, OD, chemical oxygen demand (COD), chlorophyll - a and total suspended solids. The photobioreactors were effective for removing organic matter, with 75 ± 15% in the photobioreactor illuminated by LED and 65 ± 10% in the photobioreactor illuminated by sunlight and LED. The results showed that the use of combined lighting favors the production of dissolved oxygen and ensures greater operational stability in the removal of carbonaceous organic matter.

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF A DEVELOPED PADDLE AERATOR ON CATFISH EFFLUENTS IN LAGOS STATE, NIGERIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-85
Author(s):  
O. E. OMOFUNMI ◽  
J. K. . ADEWUMI ◽  
A. F. ADISA ◽  
S. O. ALEGBELEYE
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Dilution Ratio ◽  
Paddle Wheel ◽  
Lagos State ◽  
Total Ammonia ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Natural Purification

Catfish production is one of the largest segments of fish culture in Lagos State, Nigeria. However, catfish effluents, which usually deteriorate the environment, need to be controlled. The effect of paddle-wheel aerator in catfish effluent was evaluated. The volume of catfish effluent was collected into two basins and diluted at given ratios. The paddle-wheel aerator was installed in one basin, while another basin served as control in determining the impact of paddle wheel aerator on catfish effluents. Water qualities such as Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Total Nitrogen (TN), Total Phosphorus (TP), Total Ammonia (TNH3) and Nitrite (NO2-N) and Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) examined and ana-lysed. Results indicated that paddle-wheel aerator reduced TSS (24.4±1.5 %), TN2-N (53.3±1.2 %) , TNH3-N (65.2±1.2 %) , NO2-N (97.1±1.1 %) , TP (61.8±1.1 %) and BOD5 (54 ±1.5 %). com-pared with natural purification 33.9±1.6 % of TSS, 22.7±1.4 % of TN2-N, 29.3±1.6 % of TNH3-N, 53.9±1.2 % of NO2-N, 21.6±1.5 % of TP and 15.4±1.6 % of BOD5 at the same dilution ratio There were significant different (P ≤0.05) between paddle wheel aerator and natural purification in concen-trations reduction. The paddle wheel aerator was found to be relevant in the water quality improve-ment and thus recommend for small and medium scale fish farmers in controlling effluents.

Wastewater Treatment of Wet Coffee Processing in an Anaerobic Baffled Bioreactor Coupled to Microfiltration System

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veymar G. Tacias-Pascacio ◽  
Abumalé Cruz-Salomón ◽  
José H. Castañón-González ◽  
Beatriz Torrestiana-Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Transmembrane Pressure ◽  
Organic Matter Removal ◽  
Recalcitrant Organic Matter ◽  
Acidic Wastewater

Background: Wet coffee processing consists of the removal of the pulp and mucilage of the coffee cherry. This process generates a large amount of acidic wastewater which is very aggressive to the environment because of its high content of recalcitrant organic matter. Therefore, treatment is necessary before discharge to water bodies. Because of this reason, this study aimed to evaluate the organic matter removal efficiency in an Anaerobic Baffled Bioreactor (ABR) coupled to a Microfiltration Membrane (MF) system as a new eco-friendly option in the treatment of wet Coffee Processing Wastewater (CPWW). Methods: Two systems (S1 and S2) were evaluated at Hydraulic Retention Times (HRT) of 59 h and 83 h, respectively. Both systems were operated at mesophilic conditions, at a Transmembrane Pressure (TMP) of 50 kPa during 1800 h. Results: The S2 generated higher organic matter removal efficiency, reaching removal values of turbidity of 98.7%, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) of 81%, Total Solids (TS) of 72.6%, Total Suspended Solids (TSS) of 100%, and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) of 61%, compared with the S1. Conclusion: The S2 represents a new eco-friendly alternative to treat CPWW and reduce its pollutant effect.

Raw landfill leachate treatment using an electrocoagulation process with a novel rotating electrode reactor

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 458-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Samir Naje ◽  
Mohammed A. Ajeel ◽  
Isam Mohamad Ali ◽  
Hussein A. M. Al-Zubaidi ◽  
Peter Adeniyi Alaba
Keyword(s):  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Neutral Medium ◽  
Leachate Treatment ◽  
Rotating Speed ◽  
Electrode Distance ◽  
Treatment Performance ◽  
Electrocoagulation Process

Abstract In this work, landfill leachate treatment by electrocoagulation process with a novel rotating anode reactor was studied. The influence of rotating anode speed on the removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total dissolved solids (TDS), and total suspended solids (TSS) of raw landfill leachate was investigated. The influence of operating parameters like leachate pH, leachate temperature, current, and inter-distance between the cathode rings and anode impellers on the electrocoagulation performance were also investigated. The results revealed the optimum rotating speed is 150 rpm and increasing the rotating speed above this value led to reducing process performance. The leachate electrocoagulation treatment process favors the neutral medium and the treatment performance increases with increasing current intensity. Furthermore, the electrocoagulation treatment performance improves with increasing leachate temperature. However, the performance reduces with increasing inter-electrode distance.

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