scholarly journals Assessment of the community vulnerability to extreme spring floods: the case of the Amga River, central Yakutia, Siberia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. I. Tananaev ◽  
V. A. Efremova ◽  
T. N. Gavrilyeva ◽  
O. T. Parfenova
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Snow Water Equivalent ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Control Structures ◽  
Ice Jam ◽  
Central Yakutia ◽  
Urban Settlements ◽  
Water Stage

Abstract Spring floods in Siberia annually affect local communities. Major urban settlements in the region implemented flood control structures, so rural areas take a heavy beating. In 2018, spring floods severely hit multiple communities in central Yakutia, exposing deficient flood prevention and risk management practices. Notably, Amga village, an important local center, was severely inundated. Hydrological analysis shows that the 2018 flood had a 50-yr return period, and was caused by an ice jam in a nearby channel bend where mid-channel sand bars impede ice movement during breakup. The cold spells of late April and early May in the middle section of the river promote ice-jam development, causing extreme water stage rise. Highest water stage is unrelated to either winter snow water equivalent or early May rainfall. Estimated tangible direct damage to the Amga community equals 5.1B ($81.5M) in 2018 prices, but only 0.13B ($2.1M), or 2.5% of this total, was reclaimed. A questionnaire survey revealed that most residents report important deterioration of drinking water quality and health after flooding. Residents respond positively to risk mitigation actions, implemented by the local and regional authorities, except ice dusting and cutting, and report minor activity of official sources in spreading information on flood progress.

Urban–Rural Dichotomy in Planning: Review of Legal Framework in Four States of India

2021 ◽  
pp. 001955612110016
Author(s):  
Anurima Mukherjee Basu ◽  
Rutool Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Quantum Jump ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Urban Settlements ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Territorial Approach ◽  
Sizeable Number

Current urbanisation trends in India show a quantum jump in number of ‘census towns’, which are not statutorily declared as urban areas, but have acquired all characteristics of urban settlements. Sizeable number of such census towns are not located near any Class 1 city. Lack of proper and timely planning has led to unplanned growth of these settlements. This article is based on a review of planning legislations, institutional framework and planning process of four states in India. The present article analyses the scope and limitations of the planning process adopted in the rapidly urbanising rural areas of these states. The findings reveal that states are still following a conventional approach to planning that treats ‘urban’ and ‘rural’ as separate categories and highlights the need for adopting an integrated territorial approach to planning of settlements.

Nature-Based Solutions to face climate change adaptation and mitigation in Mediterranean watersheds

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Itxaso Ruiz ◽  
María José Sanz
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Land Management ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Watershed Scale ◽  
Sustainable Rural Development ◽  
Adaptation And Mitigation

<p>Rural areas of the Mediterranean watersheds face great environmental challenges, where climate change impacts the water cycle, the soil, and biodiversity, which are often priority issues for adaptation. These, have been aggravated by historical land management practices trends. In this context, we propose Nature Based Solutions (NBS) in the form of Sustainable Land Management (SLM) actions at the watershed scale to achieve climate change adaptation and mitigation while promoting other ecosystem services.</p><p>SLM actions are local adaptation practices that promote sustainable rural development. Thus, we seek the combination of several actions to achieve regional (watershed scale) more integrated approaches. With this study, we aim at proving that NBS, and thus SLM, is a successful tool for alleviating climate change impacts (i.e. water scarcity, enhanced erosion, biodiversity decline) while promoting the role of land in mitigation and enhancing biodiversity in the rural Mediterranean areas.</p><p>For this, we propose a novel conceptualization of SLM actions that moves from their local application and evaluation to the regional more systemic approaches through their combination. Results show synergies in the atmosphere, biosphere, and hydrosphere, allow for the upscaling of SLM through systemic approaches and point at direct contributions to several Sustainable Development Goals.</p>

Ice jam mitigation

1990 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 675-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold S. Belore ◽  
Brian C. Burrell ◽  
Spyros Beltaos
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
River Ice ◽  
Ice Jams ◽  
Ice Jam ◽  
Ice Breakup

In Canada, flooding due to the rise in water levels upstream of an ice jam, or the temporary exceedance of the flow and ice-carrying capacity of a channel upon release of an ice jam, has resulted in the loss of human life and extensive economic losses. Ice jam mitigation is a component of river ice management which includes all activities carried out to prevent or remove ice jams, or to reduce the damages that may result from an ice jam event. This paper presents a brief overview of measures to mitigate the damaging effects of ice jams and contains a discussion on their application to Canadian rivers. Key words: controlled ice breakup, flood control, ice jams, ice management, river ice.

scholarly journals Assessment of biowaste losses through unsound waste management practices in rural areas and the role of home composting

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florin Constantin MIHAI
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Sustainable Rural Development ◽  
Greenhouse Gasses ◽  
Waste Management Practices ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Home Composting ◽  
Management Issues

The paper examines the biowaste management issues across rural areas ofRomania in the context of poor waste management infrastructure in the lastdecade (2003-2012). Biowaste is the main fraction of municipal waste, thusa proper management is a key challenge in order to sustain a bioeconomy inthe near future. The amount of biowaste generated and uncollected by wasteoperators is generally uncontrolled disposed if not recovered through homecomposting. The paper points out the role of home composting in divertingthe biowaste from wild dumps and landfills for the regions covered or notby waste collection services. Home composting and the biowaste losses arefurther assessed based on several scenarios (worse-case, pessimistic,realistic, optimistic) where the net loads of greenhouse gasses (GHG) arecalculated at national and regional levels. The transition of homecomposting techniques, from open piles to plastic bins with respect tostandard guidelines will improve the home composting performance in termsof compost quality and net GHG’s savings, supporting a bio-based economywhich will lead towards a sustainable rural development. Regionaldisparities are revealed across Romanian counties and the paper opens newresearch perspectives regarding which options should be adopted by countiesand rural municipalities in the biowaste management process.

scholarly journals The role of the school food environment in improving the healthiness of school canteens and the readiness to reopen post COVID-19 pandemic: A study conducted in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamam Hadi ◽  
Resti K. Triastanti ◽  
Devita Anggraeni ◽  
Esti Nurwanti ◽  
Emma C. Lewis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Food Policy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
School Food ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Print Material ◽  
School Canteen

Background: Indonesian school children spend one-third of their time in school, where they are exposed to a variety of foods at school canteens. However, the healthiness of school canteens is not yet well understood. This study was conducted to (1) characterize the healthiness and quality of management of school canteens, and (2) measure readiness of school canteens to reopen following COVID-19 closures.Design and Methods: Mixed-methods were used to conduct a cross-sectional study. Data were collected from schools located in the Bantul District of Indonesia. Primary schools (n=152) were randomly selected, with a final sample size of 147. Data were collected using Google Forms, delivered via WhatsApp or email. School canteens were classified as healthy if they had a Healthy Canteen Score (HCS) >= 10, or unhealthy if they had a HCS < 10.Results: Less than half (43.5%) of school canteens were deemed to be healthy. School canteens were more likely to be healthy if the canteen manager had a formal decision letter (OR=15.2; 95% CI=3.7-62.5); used print material messaging (OR= 3.2 to 4.6 times); or received inspection by external officers periodically (OR=2.8; 95% CI= 1.04-7.5). Readiness to reopen was 4.5 (OR=4.5; 95%CI: 1.1-17.9) times higher among schools that had their own canteen, and 4 (OR=3.9; 95% CI =1.1-13.8) times higher among schools located in rural areas, adjusting for the remaining variables.Conclusions: School canteen healthiness can be improved by implementing national food policy and healthy school canteen standards accompanied by the existence of good management practices within schools, particularly following the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Risk management of Islamic banks: A search for empirical evidences

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 8-16
Author(s):  
Sayed M. Fadel ◽  
Jasim Al-Ajmi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis

The objectives of this study are to determine 1) the effect of global economic and financial crisis on risk management, 2) the severity of different types of risk facing Islamic banks, 3) the risk levels of Islamic financial modes, 4) risk assessment techniques, and 5) risk management techniques. The structure of the balance sheet, the nature of Islamic finance instruments and funding sources have a great impact on the level of risk exposure of banks and the instruments. Credit risk is found to be the most serious risk, followed by liquidity risk, market risk and operational risk, in descending order of importance. As for the riskiness of Islamic financing modes, mudarabah is perceived to be the riskiest, followed by musharakah, while murabahah ranked as the least risky mode. Moreover, Islamic banks are found to use traditional risk management techniques more than sophisticated measurements. They also adopt risk mitigation techniques that are used by conventional banks in preference to techniques that are considered to be unique to Islamic banks. This paper is the first to study the risk management practices of Islamic banks operating in Bahrain. It also provides evidence about these practices after the global financial crisis that affected all countries, including Bahrain.

Should cats be allowed outdoors? A research survey on animal welfare risks for free-ranging cats in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-339
Author(s):  
DS Machado ◽  
AFF Bragança ◽  
IC Travnik ◽  
AP Rossi ◽  
AC Sant'Anna
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Research Survey ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Lack Of Knowledge

A need exists for research that contributes to estimating the risk factors associated with the management of outdoor cats (Felis silvestris catus) and addresses the lack of such surveys in Brazil and other Latin American countries. With this in mind we aimed to: i) identify the causal factors affecting the practice of owners allowing their cats to roam freely and; ii) evaluate potential welfare risks associated with the allowance of outdoor access, based on cat owners' reports. An online questionnaire consisting of 25 questions was answered by 8,485 Brazilian cat owners and logistic regression models used to obtain odds ratios. A number of the factors significantly related to owners allowing their cats to have outdoor access were unneutered cats, the manner in which the cat was acquired, residence in rural areas, the number of cats owned, the presence of other pets in the house, younger owner age, owner declaration of not being responsible for the cat, owner perception about the role of the cat in the house, owner knowledge about cats' potential for transmitting diseases, a lack of knowledge about zoonoses, and a lack of knowledge regarding toxoplasmosis. The practice of allowing outdoor access was associated with significantly higher odds of owners reporting several welfare issues, such as frequent flea contamination, sporotrichosis, going missing, poisoning, mistreatment, and accidents. We conclude that the practice of allowing outdoor access, as reported by 37.1% of our respondents, may result in risks to feline welfare. Increasing public awareness through campaigns that highlight the risks associated with outdoor access would improve feline management practices and welfare.

Data Sources and Issues in Measurement

2021 ◽  
pp. 13-30
Author(s):  
Robert E.B. Lucas
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Urban Settlements ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Place Of Origin ◽  
Rural Urban Migration ◽  
Migrant Flow ◽  
Previous Location

This chapter details the data sources deployed and the approaches to deriving measures from them. National definitions of urban settlements vary but are demonstrated to match satellite imagery surprisingly well. Most selected sources ask if the place of origin was rural or urban, though in several censuses this is imputed on the nature of the location of origin, rejecting instances where locations prove too diverse; significant contrasts are not found between the two approaches. Those sources that ask place of birth show significantly lower lifetime migration from urban to rural areas than those reporting only location during childhood; their rural-urban migration propensities do not differ. Measures of migrant flow rates, return migration, and other temporary moves require interim location information. Sources reporting the previous location and duration of residence prove more useful than those asking location five years before. A contention of symmetry between rural-urban and urban-rural migration propensities is rejected.

Municipal Solid Waste Management

2016 ◽  
pp. 19-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaison Chatsiwa ◽  
Never Mujere ◽  
Avhatendi Bethania Maiyana
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste Management ◽  
Urban Settlements ◽  
Waste Management Practices ◽  
The City

The rapid increase in urban population has resulted in poor environmental conditions in urban and peri-urban settlements. In most developing countries, the problem of inefficient municipal solid waste management (MSWM) is endemic. The problem manifests in heaps of uncollected solid waste or ubiquitous illegal dumps on open areas and by the street sides. This paper examines issues of solid waste management practices in the City of Kwekwe in Zimbabwe. It highlights types of waste, its generation, transfer and disposal. A mixed methodological approach including field observations, structured questionnaire survey and face-to-face interviews were employed in the gathering of data for the study. The key findings established to be the factors affecting effective solid waste management in the City are irregular solid waste collection, inadequate operational funding, inappropriate technologies, inadequate staffing, lack of knowledge cooperation and knowledge on the part of the residents. Based on the research findings, principles of environmental stewardship need to be promoted in the City.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document