From (cyber)space to ground: new technologies for smart farming

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 656-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Ravazzani ◽  
Chiara Corbari ◽  
Alessandro Ceppi ◽  
Mouna Feki ◽  
Marco Mancini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Po Valley ◽  
Earth Observations ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Smart Farming ◽  
Cyber Space ◽  
Abundant Supply ◽  
State Of The Environment

Increased water demand and climate change impacts have recently enhanced the need to improve water resources management, even in those areas which traditionally have an abundant supply of water, such as the Po Valley in northern Italy. The highest consumption of water is devoted to irrigation for agricultural production, and so it is in this area that efforts have to be focused to study possible interventions. Meeting and optimizing the consumption of water for irrigation also means making more resources available for drinking water and industrial use, and maintaining an optimal state of the environment. In this study we show the effectiveness of the combined use of numerical weather predictions and hydrological modelling to forecast soil moisture and crop water requirement in order to optimize irrigation scheduling. This system combines state of the art mathematical models and new technologies for environmental monitoring, merging ground observed data with Earth observations from space and unconventional information from the cyberspace through crowdsourcing.

scholarly journals Nondestructive Damage Evaluation of Electro-Mechanical Components Using a Hybrid, Computational and Experimental Approach

1999 ◽  
Vol 591 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Furlong ◽  
R. J. Pryputniewicz
Keyword(s):  
Computational Modeling ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Electronic Packages ◽  
Damage Evaluation ◽  
Electronic Industry ◽  
Full Field ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Mechanical Components ◽  
Electronic Holography

ABSTRACTWith the electronic industry being one of the most dynamic, in terms of new technologies, electronic packages have to be designed and optimized for new and ever more demanding applications in relatively short periods of time. This, in turn, indicates a need for effective quantitative testing methodologies. In this paper, a novel hybridized use of nondestructive, noninvasive, remote, full field of view, quantitative opto-electronic holography techniques with computational modeling is presented. The hybridization is illustrated with a representative application, which shows that the combined use of opto-electronic holography techniques and computational modeling provides an effective engineering tool for nondestructive study of electro-mechanical components.

scholarly journals Assessing vulnerability and adaptation strategies of forest dependent people to climate change in the Mid-hills of Nepal

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62
Author(s):  
K. Acharya ◽  
K. R. Tiwari ◽  
Y. P. Timilsina ◽  
S PC
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Adaptation Strategies ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Cropping Pattern ◽  
Rural People

Climate change is now recognized as one of the most serious challenges facing the world– its people, the environment and its economies. Rural people are more vulnerable to the effects of climate change due to its high dependence on climate-sensitive sectors like glaciers, agriculture and forestry, and its low financial adaptive capacity. This study was carried out with the aim of assessing and documenting vulnerability and adaptation strategies of forest-dependent people to climate change effects in Mid-hills of Nepal. Primary data were collected from household survey, interview with key informants, and focused group discussion. The results showed that the average annual rainfall was decreasing at the rate of 18.02 mm whereas the average annual mean temperature was increasing at the rate of 0.07°c per year. The major climatic hazards, of the study area, identified were long drought and landslide. The chi-square test shows that the poor forest-dependent people are more vulnerable to long drought, landslide and floods as compared to the rich rural people. Indigenous adaptation practices such as cultivation of vegetables and other crops that are less susceptible to droughts, and rearing of hybrid-varieties of livestock are mostly used to cope with climate change impacts. The results indicate that 15% of the respondents have changed their cropping pattern from paddy to off-seasonal vegetables crops because of more income from vegetable farming. Raising awareness and sharing information as well as increasing income from farming among the locals by applying new technologies should be done in order to build their capacity to cope with climate change impact.Banko Janakari, A Journal of Forestry Information for NepalVol. 25, No. 1Page: 55-62

scholarly journals Digitalization and Big Data in Smart Farming – Bibliometric and Systemic Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaqueline Iaksch ◽  
Ederson Fernandes ◽  
Milton Borsato
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Management Control ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Agricultural Efficiency ◽  
Systemic Analysis ◽  
Smart Farming ◽  
Research Problems

Agriculture has always had a great significance in the civilization development. However, modern agriculture is facing increasing challenges due to population growth and environmental degradation. Commercially, farmers are looking for ways to improve profitability and agricultural efficiency to reduce costs. Smart Farming is enabling the use of detailed digital information to guide decisions along the agricultural value chain. Thus, better decisions and efficient management control are required through generated information and knowledge at any farm. New technologies and solutions have been applied to provide alternatives to assist in information gathering and processing, and thereby contribute to increased agricultural productivity. Therefore, this article aims to gain state-of-art insight and identify proposed solutions, trends and unfilled gaps regarding digitalization and Big Data applications in Smart Farming, through a literature review. The current study accomplished these goals through analyses based on ProKnow-C (Knowledge Development Process – Constructivist) methodology. A total of 2401 articles were found. Then, a quantitative analysis identified the most relevant ones among a total of 39 articles were included in a bibliometric and text mining analysis, which was performed to identify the most relevant journals and authors that stand out in the research area. A systemic analysis was also accomplished from these articles. Finally, research problems, solutions, opportunities, and new trends to be explored were identified.

scholarly journals Does Smart Farming Improve or Damage Animal Welfare? Technology and What Animals Want

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marian Stamp Dawkins
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Computer Algorithms ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Common View ◽  
The Public ◽  
Smart Farming

“Smart” or “precision” farming has revolutionized crop agriculture but its application to livestock farming has raised ethical concerns because of its possible adverse effects on animal welfare. With rising public concern for animal welfare across the world, some people see the efficiency gains offered by the new technology as a direct threat to the animals themselves, allowing producers to get “more for less” in the interests of profit. Others see major welfare advantages through life-long health monitoring, delivery of individual care and optimization of environmental conditions. The answer to the question of whether smart farming improves or damages animal welfare is likely to depend on three main factors. Firstly, much will depend on how welfare is defined and the extent to which politicians, scientists, farmers and members of the public can agree on what welfare means and so come to a common view on how to judge how it is impacted by technology. Defining welfare as a combination of good health and what the animals themselves want provides a unifying and animal-centered way forward. It can also be directly adapted for computer recognition of welfare. A second critical factor will be whether high welfare standards are made a priority within smart farming systems. To achieve this, it will be necessary both to develop computer algorithms that can recognize welfare to the satisfaction of both the public and farmers and also to build good welfare into the control and decision-making of smart systems. What will matter most in the end, however, is a third factor, which is whether smart farming can actually deliver its promised improvements in animal welfare when applied in the real world. An ethical evaluation will only be possible when the new technologies are more widely deployed on commercial farms and their full social, environmental, financial and welfare implications become apparent.

Application of Remote Sensing for Ex ante Decision Support and Evaluating Impact

2020 ◽  
pp. 109821402096257
Author(s):  
Alison Thieme ◽  
Erin Glennie ◽  
Perry Oddo ◽  
Sean McCartney ◽  
Madeline Ruid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Convention On Biological Diversity ◽  
Global Environment Facility ◽  
Socioeconomic Impacts ◽  
Earth Observations ◽  
Local Livelihoods ◽  
Ex Ante

Deforestation is an environmental stressor that dramatically threatens biodiversity while having adverse, deep-rooted, socioeconomic impacts. Interventions to address deforestation require considerable long-term investments; therefore, assessing their impact is crucial. The UN Convention on Biological Diversity encourages establishing protected areas (PAs) as a strategy to conserve biodiversity, secure ecosystem services, support local livelihoods, and reduce climate change impacts. The Global Environment Facility (GEF) has supported the conservation and management of PAs, yet site accessibility and data availability present challenges in assessing PAs using traditional evaluation methods. We present a novel application of satellite Earth observations for evaluating the effectiveness and impact of PAs as a deforestation mitigation strategy. Geospatial analysis and ecological forecasting methodologies provide an efficient way to quantify land cover change, estimate aboveground carbon stock, and evaluate ecosystem services provided by the PAs ex ante. We demonstrate the value of a geospatial approach through the evaluation of GEF-supported PAs in Kenya.

Measuring the Digital Transformation of Education and Teaching

2019 ◽  
pp. 379-401
Author(s):  
Christian Glahn
Keyword(s):  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Organizational Innovation ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Diffusion Of Technology ◽  
Innovation Potential ◽  
Combined Use

The digital transformation has reached higher education and many faculty members find teaching in the digital environment hard. A key question for educational institutions is whether the uptake of blended learning within their digitization strategies matches the pace of technological innovation. This chapter discusses a model for monitoring the progress of educational digitization that has been in use throughout four years at HTW Chur, Switzerland. The model connects technologies to practices rather than abstracting technologies from them. This helps identifying performance indicators in campus-wide information systems for understanding the diffusion of technology uses among the faculty, and it helps categorizing new technologies towards their organizational innovation potential. The combined use of these performance indicators with the model supports tailoring faculty development activities for digitization strategies that are based on the actual development needs within the institution.

Sustainable Smart-Farming Framework

2019 ◽  
pp. 147-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pankaj Agarwal ◽  
Vijander Singh ◽  
G. L. Saini ◽  
Deepak Panwar
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Change ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Significant Part ◽  
Biological Models ◽  
Economic Prosperity ◽  
The Past ◽  
Smart Farming ◽  
Significant Interest

Agriculture and allied activities play a vital role in a country's economic prosperity. The conventional methods in agricultural practices have become insufficient to cater to the increasing needs. To fulfill the demands, new technologies are to be introduced to raise agricultural standards. Over the past few years, there has been significant interest in designing smart agricultural systems. The manageability of agricultural frameworks has turned into a noteworthy concentration for discusses about future human survival. A significant part of the contention seems to depend on shortsighted understanding of biological models and flops enough to define what maintainability goals are being looked for. To adapt to the undeniably multifaceted nature and between connectedness of current cultivating frameworks with regards to globalization and potential bothers like environmental change, we require a pluralistic way to deal with strategy, which can adapt to the abnormal amounts of vulnerability in these territories and which enables most extreme flexibility of reaction to evolving conditions.

Measuring the Digital Transformation of Education and Teaching

2021 ◽  
pp. 908-930
Author(s):  
Christian Glahn
Keyword(s):  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Organizational Innovation ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Diffusion Of Technology ◽  
Innovation Potential ◽  
Combined Use

The digital transformation has reached higher education and many faculty members find teaching in the digital environment hard. A key question for educational institutions is whether the uptake of blended learning within their digitization strategies matches the pace of technological innovation. This chapter discusses a model for monitoring the progress of educational digitization that has been in use throughout four years at HTW Chur, Switzerland. The model connects technologies to practices rather than abstracting technologies from them. This helps identifying performance indicators in campus-wide information systems for understanding the diffusion of technology uses among the faculty, and it helps categorizing new technologies towards their organizational innovation potential. The combined use of these performance indicators with the model supports tailoring faculty development activities for digitization strategies that are based on the actual development needs within the institution.

The significance of the Tactile Internet and 5G for digital agriculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-286
Author(s):  
Norman Franchi ◽  
Gerhard P. Fettweis ◽  
Thomas Herlitzius
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Communications ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Response Times ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Communications Technologies ◽  
Smart Farming ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Abstract The demand for internet access and data transfer is the key driver of mobile communications technologies. The next step is wireless real-time networking. The “Tactile Internet” demands completely new technologies. Low latency, short response times, high reliability and resilience, a network of edge clouds and security are basic requirements. Therefore, 5G is developed. Novel use cases are industrial automation, autonomous vehicles, e-health, and the Internet of Things. For agriculture, 5G is a crucial technology enabler for robotization and Smart Farming processes. Agriculture needs own ad-hoc radio network solutions to efficiently provide coverage and manage data transfer, privacy and flexibility. The synergy of cellular and local mesh communications can solve the problem of unreliable communication and allows farmers to take full control of their data.

Malware Methodologies and Its Future

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 47-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandan Kumar Behera ◽  
D. Lalitha Bhaskari
Keyword(s):  
Digital Media ◽  
World Wide ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Design Tools ◽  
Classification Techniques ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Cyber Space ◽  
Systematic Understanding

Malware means any unwanted software that performs harmful actions or executes some tasks unauthorized. This includes all harmful programs like virus, worms, Trojan, rootkits, Botnets etc. The numbers of malwares rise exponentially with the increase of the use of digital media. With the enormous usage of internet world wide, the rate of cybercrimes has increased and giving life to many malwares in the cyber space. New technologies and skills should be developed and formulated to fight against malwares with the goals of automatic identification of malwares as well as their families. A lot of research is going on to combat the malwares, but still in vain. In order to design tools to fight against it, a systematic understanding is needed on its various types, behaviors along with different detection and analysis techniques. With all above, this paper summarizes a thorough information regarding malwares, their classification techniques, different obfuscation methods, packing and unpacking concepts along with particular tools.

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