Association Between Ice Conditions in the Baltic Sea along the Estonian Coast and the North Atlantic Oscillation

2002 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Jevrejeva
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
The North ◽  
Ice Conditions ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The North Atlantic Oscillation

Variations in time series of sum of negative degree-days, number of days with ice, date of ice break-up and maximum ice thickness on the Baltic Sea along the Estonian coast have been examined within context of the atmospheric circulation above the North Atlantic. It was found out that 20 – 50 % of ice conditions along the Estonian coast might be explained by the state of the NAO winter index. However, correlation coefficients between time series of ice conditions and the NAO winter index varies with time; moving correlation coefficient can reach -0.98.

scholarly journals Impact of the North Atlantic Oscillation on river runoff in the Belarus part of the Baltic Sea basin

2007 ◽  
Vol 38 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 413-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Danilovich ◽  
D. Wrzesiński ◽  
L. Nekrasova
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic Oscillation ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
River Runoff ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Baltic Sea Basin ◽  
The North Atlantic Oscillation

The dynamics of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and river runoff in the Belarus part of the Baltic Sea basin have been studied. Correlation coefficients between NAO indices and monthly, seasonal and annual discharges were calculated, changes in the runoff in the opposite stages of NAO and its intra-annual distribution were analysed, and runoff trends for different time series were investigated. The closest connection could be observed between NAO indices for December–March and the runoff of Belarusian rivers in the Baltic basin. The highest correlation coefficients were calculated for winter and spring months. The intra-annual runoff differs in opposite stages of the North Atlantic Oscillation. The most significant increase of monthly runoff was observed after 1961. There was a positive trend of runoff at the beginning of the year, but a negative one in the summer and autumn months.

Impact of large-scale atmospheric circulation changes over the North Atlantic on the wind climate of the Baltic Sea area for the period 1948/49-2018/19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piia Post ◽  
Andreas Lehmann
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Atmospheric Circulation ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Sea Area ◽  
Large Scale Atmospheric Circulation

<p>A detailed assessment of climate variability of the Baltic Sea area for the period 1958-2008 (Lehmann et al. 2011) revealed that changes in the warming trend since the mid-1980s, were associated with changes in the large-scale atmospheric circulation over the North Atlantic. The analysis of winter sea level pressure (SLP) data highlighted considerable changes in intensification and location of storm tracks, in parallel with the eastward shift of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) centres of action. Additionally, a seasonal shift of strong wind events from autumn to winter and early spring exists for the Baltic area. Lehmann et al. (2002) showed that different atmospheric circulation regimes force different circulation patterns in the Baltic Sea. Furthermore, as atmospheric circulation, to a large extent, controls patterns of water circulation and biophysical aspects relevant for biological production, such as the vertical distribution of temperature and salinity, alterations in weather regimes may severely impact the trophic structure and functioning of marine food webs (Hinrichsen et al. 2007). To understand the processes linking changes in the marine environment and climate variability, it is essential to investigate all components of the climate system which of course include also the large-scale atmospheric circulation. Now, since extended time series data (1948-2018) for additional 20 years are available, it is interesting to investigate recent changes/shifts of the large-scale atmospheric conditions and their impact on the wind climate over the Baltic Sea area.</p>

scholarly journals Influence of macroscale and regional circulation patterns on low- and high-frequency sea level variability in the Baltic Sea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Bednorz ◽  
Arkadiusz M. Tomczyk
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Sea Level Variability ◽  
The North ◽  
Synoptic Conditions ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
The Baltic

AbstractThe atmospheric impact on sea level variability in the Baltic Sea on different time scales was investigated. The Northern Hemisphere teleconnection patterns, namely, the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), Arctic Oscillation (AO) and Scandinavia (SCAND) patterns, were employed, and a strong but non-stationary relationship was found. The SCAND appeared to be most relevant to the mean monthly Baltic Sea level variations throughout the year. A negative correlation indicates that a cyclonic centre over Scandinavia in the negative phase of SCAND enhances western circulation, which then triggers water inflow through the Danish straits. The AO annular mode reveals a positive and slightly stronger relationship with the Baltic Sea level than the NAO. The rapid increases in the Baltic Sea level recognized in this study, namely, those exceeding 24 cm within a 5-day period, mainly occur in the cold season. These increases are associated with the development of specific synoptic conditions in the Euro-Atlantic region, characterized by a shift from high to low pressure over Europe and a rapid increase in the pressure gradient during the week preceding the sea level rise. Rapid increases are associated with cyclones coming from the North Atlantic, which move 1500–2000 km during the week preceding the strong rise of the Baltic waters. The cyclone tracks may be shifted north or south, while the final position is over the Norwegian Sea.

scholarly journals Coupled decadal variability of the North Atlantic Oscillation, regional rainfall and karst spring discharges in the Campania region (southern Italy)

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 1389-1399 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. De Vita ◽  
V. Allocca ◽  
F. Manna ◽  
S. Fabbrocino
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
North Atlantic Oscillation ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Karst Spring ◽  
The North ◽  
Nao Index ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
The North Atlantic Oscillation

Abstract. Thus far, studies on climate change have focused mainly on the variability of the atmospheric and surface components of the hydrologic cycle, investigating the impact of this variability on the environment, especially with respect to the risks of desertification, droughts and floods. Conversely, the impacts of climate change on the recharge of aquifers and on the variability of groundwater flow have been less investigated, especially in Mediterranean karst areas whose water supply systems depend heavily upon groundwater exploitation. In this paper, long-term climatic variability and its influence on groundwater recharge were analysed by examining decadal patterns of precipitation, air temperature and spring discharges in the Campania region (southern Italy), coupled with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). The time series of precipitation and air temperature were gathered over 90 yr, from 1921 to 2010, using 18 rain gauges and 9 air temperature stations with the most continuous functioning. The time series of the winter NAO index and of the discharges of 3 karst springs, selected from those feeding the major aqueducts systems, were collected for the same period. Regional normalised indexes of the precipitation, air temperature and karst spring discharges were calculated, and different methods were applied to analyse the related time series, including long-term trend analysis using smoothing numerical techniques, cross-correlation and Fourier analysis. The investigation of the normalised indexes highlighted the existence of long-term complex periodicities, from 2 to more than 30 yr, with differences in average values of up to approximately ±30% for precipitation and karst spring discharges, which were both strongly correlated with the winter NAO index. Although the effects of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) had already been demonstrated in the long-term precipitation and streamflow patterns of different European countries and Mediterranean areas, the results of this study allow for the establishment of a link between a large-scale atmospheric cycle and the groundwater recharge of carbonate karst aquifers. Consequently, the winter NAO index could also be considered as a proxy to forecast the decadal variability of groundwater flow in Mediterranean karst areas.

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