Predicting Sedimentgraphs for a Small Agricultural Catchment

1996 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 275-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Banasik ◽  
D. E. Walling
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Concentration ◽  
Lag Time ◽  
Suspended Sediment Transport ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Agricultural Catchments ◽  
Rainfall Duration ◽  
Sediment Routing ◽  
Lag Times ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Direct Runoff Hydrograph

The key components of a sedimentgraph prediction procedure for small agricultural catchments are outlined in the paper. An instantaneous unit sedimentgraph (IUSG) based on the IUH and on a dimensionless sediment concentration distribution is developed, and used for transforming the sediment produced during a specified rainfall duration into a sedimentgraph. Rainfall-runoff-suspended sediment transport data from the River Dart basin, in Devon, UK, are used to evaluate several relationships for sediment yield estimation. The relationship between the lag time of the direct runoff hydrograph and the sedimentgraph is analysed, and the use of these lag times for estimating an IUSG (sediment routing) parameter is examined. The effectiveness of the proposed sedimentgraph prediction procedure is demonstrated by the successful regeneration of a measured sedimentgraph.

scholarly journals Conceptual model of sedimentgraph from flood events in a small agricultural watershed

2008 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazimierz Banasik ◽  
J. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Suspended Sediment ◽  
Sediment Concentration ◽  
Agricultural Watershed ◽  
Sediment Flux ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Sediment Routing ◽  
Suspended Sediment Flux ◽  
Lag Times

Conceptual model of sedimentgraph from flood events in a small agricultural watershed A procedure for predicting the sediment graph (i.e. the suspended sediment flux), from a small river catchment by heavy rainfall, has been developed using the concept of an instantaneous unit hydrograph (IUH) and dimensionless sediment concentration distribution (DSCD). A formula for instantaneous unit sedimentgraph (IUSG) is presented, and a procedure for estimating the sediment routing coefficient, which is a key parameter of the IUSG, based on measured data of rainfall-runoff-suspended sediment is applied. Field data from a small, field sized agricultural basin, lacated in center of Illinois has been used for analizing lag times for runoff (LAG) and sediment yield (LAGs). Assumptions about sediment generated during rainfall events are discussed.

scholarly journals Development of a method for suspended sediment transport monitoring by means of ADCP measurements

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 05016
Author(s):  
Rui Aleixo ◽  
Massimo Guerrero ◽  
Nils Ruther ◽  
Siri Stokseth
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Sediment ◽  
Suspended Sediment Concentration ◽  
Sediment Concentration ◽  
Suspended Sediment Transport ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Critical Data ◽  
Adcp Measurements ◽  
Remote Measurements ◽  
Water Courses ◽  
The Relationship

Monitoring stations in rivers and water courses are an important mean to obtain critical data about the different variables that play a role in the hydrodynamics and ecological processes. Measuring suspended sediment concentration often requires the displacement of equipment and manpower to the field. This is often expensive and not practical, in particular during severe weather and flow conditions. A method to determine the suspended sediment concentration as a result of ADCP remote measurements is here presented. This method relies on the relationship between the attenuation to backscatter ratio and the normalized attenuation coefficient. To test this method, data from a field monitoring station in Kokel, on the banks of the Devoll river in Albania, is used.

scholarly journals Parameters determination of a conceptual rainfall-runoff model for a small catchment in Carpathians

2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Karabová ◽  
Anna E. Sikorska ◽  
Kazimierz Banasik ◽  
Silvia Kohnová
Keyword(s):  
Lag Time ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Small Catchment ◽  
Rainfall Characteristics ◽  
Effective Precipitation ◽  
Rainfall Duration ◽  
Rainfall Runoff Model ◽  
S Model ◽  
Runoff Model

Abstract Parameters determination of a conceptual rainfall-runoff model for a small catchment in Carpathians. One of the most important tasks in hydrology is to simulate and forecast hydrologic processes and variables. To achieve this, various linear and nonlinear hydrologic models were developed. One of the most commonly applied rainfall-runoff models is the Nash’s model of the Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph (IUH) (Nash, 1957) used jointly with the CN-NRCS method. Within this paper, the Nash’s model was applied to a small forested basin (Vištucký Creek, Slovakia) to reconstruct rainfall-runoff events based on the recorded precipitation. The Vištucký Creek catchment, located in the Little Carpathians, is a part of the flood protection management of regional sites in the Little Carpathians. Therefore, the object of this paper is, first, to determine the parameters of a conceptual rainfall-runoff model for the Vištucký creek catchment, second, to analyse how the selected characteristics of the model depend on the rainfall characteristics, and third, to compare obtained results with a similar study of Sikorska and Banasik (2010). The computer programme developed at the Dept. of Water Engineering (WULS-SGGW) was used to obtain the rainfall-runoff characteristics based on the Nash´s model. The derived characteristics were parameters of the Nash’s model (N, k, lag time) and rainfall-runoff characteristics (sum of total and effective precipitation, rainfall duration, runoff coefficient, time to IUH peak, value of IUH peak, goodness of fit). A relatively small effective precipitation from the rainfall events was derived. For the purpose of the analysis, a correlation between the lag time (and k parameter) and the sum of the total and effective precipitation was used. The use of the conceptual rainfall-runoff model (Nash´s model) for the small catchment in Carpathians was proved to give satisfactory results. The rainfall characteristics derived in this study are comparable to the results obtained by Spál et. al (2011), who used the same catchment in their analysis. Interestingly, our analysis indicated that there is a correlation between the rainfall duration and the lag time, what is opposite to the compared results of Sikorska and Banasik (2010).

scholarly journals Recorded lag times of snowmelt events in a small catchment

2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Hejduk ◽  
Kazimierz Banasik
Keyword(s):  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Lag Time ◽  
Poor Correlation ◽  
Small Catchment ◽  
Total Runoff ◽  
Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph ◽  
Lag Times ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Depth Water

Recorded lag times of snowmelt events in a small catchment The hydrological and meteorological data collected in small, lowland catchment during snowmelt floods have been used to calculate lag time of runoff (Lag) and lag time of sediment yield (Lags). Both, Lag and Lags are important characteristics of the instantaneous unit hydrograph (IUH) and instantaneous unit sedimentgraph (IUSG). Field data from Zagożdżonka River catchment have been used to demonstrate the relationship between lag times. The results of investigation show that: a) there is a strong relationship between Lag and Lags; b) in most cases the value of a = Lags/Lag is smaller than 1; c) in case of snowmelt floods there was only poor correlation between parameter a and the total runoff depth (water supply).

scholarly journals The implications of lag times between nitrate leaching losses and riverine loads for water quality policy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. McDowell ◽  
Z. P. Simpson ◽  
A. G. Ausseil ◽  
Z. Etheridge ◽  
R. Law
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Mean Transit Time ◽  
Lag Time ◽  
Practice Change ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Leaching Losses ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Lag Times

AbstractUnderstanding the lag time between land management and impacts on riverine nitrate–nitrogen (N) loads is critical to understand when action to mitigate nitrate–N leaching losses from the soil profile may start improving water quality. These lags occur due to leaching of nitrate–N through the subsurface (soil and groundwater). Actions to mitigate nitrate–N losses have been mandated in New Zealand policy to start showing improvements in water quality within five years. We estimated annual rates of nitrate–N leaching and annual nitrate–N loads for 77 river catchments from 1990 to 2018. Lag times between these losses and riverine loads were determined for 34 catchments but could not be determined in other catchments because they exhibited little change in nitrate–N leaching losses or loads. Lag times varied from 1 to 12 years according to factors like catchment size (Strahler stream order and altitude) and slope. For eight catchments where additional isotope and modelling data were available, the mean transit time for surface water at baseflow to pass through the catchment was on average 2.1 years less than, and never greater than, the mean lag time for nitrate–N, inferring our lag time estimates were robust. The median lag time for nitrate–N across the 34 catchments was 4.5 years, meaning that nearly half of these catchments wouldn’t exhibit decreases in nitrate–N because of practice change within the five years outlined in policy.

Inhibition of Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium spp. by Fatty Acids and Their Monoglycerides

2007 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 1206-1212 ◽  
Author(s):  
CLELIA ALTIERI ◽  
DANIELA CARDILLO ◽  
ANTONIO BEVILACQUA ◽  
MILENA SINIGAGLIA
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Lag Time ◽  
Mold Growth ◽  
Penicillium Species ◽  
Colony Diameter ◽  
Gompertz Equation ◽  
Lag Times ◽  
Penicillium Spp ◽  
Palmitic Acids

The antifungal activity of three fatty acids (lauric, myristic, and palmitic acids) and their monoglycerides (monolaurin, monomyristic acid, and palmitin, respectively) against Aspergillus and Penicillium species in a model system was investigated. Data were modeled through a reparameterized Gompertz equation. The maximum colony diameter attained within the experimental time (30 days), the maximal radial growth rate, the lag time (i.e., the number of days before the beginning of radial fungal growth), and the minimum detection time (MDT; the number of days needed to attain 1 cm colony diameter) were evaluated. Fatty acids and their monoglycerides inhibited mold growth by increasing MDT and lag times. The effectiveness of the active compounds seemed to be strain and genus dependent. Palmitic acid was the most effective chemical against aspergilli, whereas penicilli were strongly inhibited by myristic acid. Aspergilli also were more susceptible to fatty acids than were penicilli, as indicated by the longer MDT.

scholarly journals ANALISIS KECEPATAN JATUH SEDIMEN PADA SUNGAI CIBEET, JAWA BARAT

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Kevin Wijaya Warsito ◽  
Wati Astriningsih Pranoto
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Understanding ◽  
Settling Velocity ◽  
Soil Mechanics ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Sediment Concentration ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
Sediment Research ◽  
Hydraulics Laboratory ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Optimum Salinity

Cibeet River is one of the branch of the Citarum river in West Java province with a length of 101 km. Cibeet River is one of the rivers supplying water and sediment to the West Tarum irrigation channel or known as the Kalimalang. In this research, the sample used was in the form of mud taken at the Cibeet River Estuary. This research is focused on settling velocity which is a parameter for sedimentation in order to improve numerical modeling and conceptual understanding of sediment dynamics, especially mud. Sediment research is carried out in the Soil Mechanics laboratory and Hydraulics laboratory. Bottom withdrawal tube experiments were carried out using 5 types of salinity and 6 kinds of sediment concentrations. The purpose of the study was to obtain settling velocity and compare laboratory results with the Stokes law approach and compare the relationship between settling velocity with sediment concentration and salinity. The optimum salinity is obtained at 15 ‰, and the optimum sediment concentration at 4700 ppm with an average fall speed of 37,28 mm / s. The results from the laboratory are not in accordance with the Stokes law due to the influence of flocculation from the cohesive nature of the mud sediment, so that using the Stokes law approach cannot calculate the velocity of falling sediment on the mud. Keywords: concentration; salinity; sediment; settling velocity AbstrakSungai Cibeet merupakan salah satu anak sungai dari sungai Citarum di provinsi Jawa Barat dengan panjang 101 km. Sungai Cibeet merupakan salah satu sungai pemasok air dan sedimen ke saluran irigasi Tarum Barat atau dikenal sebagai Kalimalang. Pada penelitian ini, sampel yang digunakan berupa lumpur yang diambil di Muara Sungai Cibeet. Penelitian ini difokuskan pada kecepatan jatuh sedimen yang merupakan parameter untuk sedimentasi demi meningkatkan permodelan numerik dan pemahaman konsep dari dinamika sedimen terutama lumpur.  Penelitian ini dilakukan di laboratorium Mekanika Tanah dan laboratorium Hidrolika, memakai bottom withdrawal tube, dilakukan dengan menggunakan 5 macam jenis salinitas dan 6 macam konsentrasi sedimen.  Penelitian ini membandingkan antara hasil laboratorium dengan pendekatan yaitu hukum Stokes serta membandingkan hubungan antara konsentrasi sedimen dengan salinitas. Untuk salinitas didapat optimum pada saat 15‰, dan konsentrasi sedimen yang optimum pada saat 4700 ppm dengan kecepatan jatuh rata-rata 37,28 mm/s. Hasil dari laboratorium tidak sesuai dengan pendekatan hukum stokes dikarenakan adanya pengaruh flokulasi dari sifat sedimen lumpur yang kohesif, sehingga menggunakan pendekatan hukum stokes tidak bisa untuk menghitung kecepatan jatuh sedimen pada lumpur.

scholarly journals Grey Spectrum Analysis of Air Quality Index and Housing Price in Handan

Complexity ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Zhang ◽  
Yan Chen ◽  
Lifeng Wu
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Amplitude Spectrum ◽  
Housing Price ◽  
Lag Time ◽  
Phase Spectrum ◽  
Air Quality Index ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Grey Phase ◽  
Main Change

To analyze the relationship between air quality index (AQI) and housing price, six relationship indexes between air quality index and housing price were calculated using grey spectrum theory, specifically grey association spectrum, grey cospectrum, grey amplitude spectrum, grey phase spectrum, grey lag time length, and grey condense spectrum. Three main change periods were extracted. There was a negative correction between the air quality and the housing price in Handan. The results provide a basis for the government’s measures to prevent haze.

scholarly journals Comparative Assessment of Fluvial Suspended Sediment Concentration Analysis Methods

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flóra Pomázi ◽  
Sándor Baranya
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Sediment ◽  
Suspended Sediment Concentration ◽  
Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler ◽  
Sediment Concentration ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
Danube River ◽  
Suspended Sediment Transport ◽  
Indirect Methods ◽  
Analysis Methods ◽  
Sediment Monitoring

The monitoring of fluvial suspended sediment transport plays an important role in the assessment of morphological processes, river habitats, or many social activities associated with river management. However, establishing and operating a well-functioning sediment monitoring system requires the involvement of advanced indirect methods. This study investigates the advantages and limitations of optical and acoustic devices, to quantify the uncertainties and provide a comprehensive comparative assessment of the investigated indirect methods. The novelty of this study, compared to previous ones, is that four different indirect techniques are parallel tested, i.e., the laser diffraction based LISST-Portable|XR, an infrared based optical instrument, the VELP TB1 turbidimeter, the acoustic based LISST-ABS (Acoustical Backscatter Sensor) sensor, and a 1200 kHz Teledyne RD Instruments Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP). The calibration of all the indirect methods was performed based on more than 1000 samples taken from the Hungarian section of the Danube River within a wide suspended sediment concentration range. Implementing a comparative assessment of the different sediment analysis methods, a qualitative and quantitative characterisation of the applicability is provided. Furthermore, a proposal for an optimised sediment monitoring methodology is also suggested.

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