scholarly journals A new framework for the optimal management of urban runoff with low-impact development stormwater control measures considering service-performance reduction

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 727-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melika Mani ◽  
Omid Bozorg-Haddad ◽  
Hugo A. Loáiciga
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Optimization ◽  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Urban Runoff ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Service Performance ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Performance Reduction ◽  
Urban Catchments ◽  
Stormwater Control Measures ◽  
Stormwater Control

Abstract This paper presents a comprehensive framework for the quantitative management of urban runoff. The framework assesses the response of urban catchments to design rainfall events and identifies low-impact development (LID) stormwater control measures (SCMs) for runoff control and flood mitigation. This research's method determines the optimal areas in which to deploy SCMs to control runoff in urban catchments. The optimization method relies on a three-objective simulation-optimization model that (1) minimizes the volume of runoff at the catchment outlet and at flooding nodes, (2) minimizes the implementation and maintenance costs of LID SCMs, and (3) minimizes the service-performance reduction of LID SCMs. The storm water management model (SWMM) is applied for runoff simulation and is coupled with the multi-objective antlion optimization algorithm (MOALOA). The simulation-optimization method is exemplified with an application to District 6 of Tehran's municipality (Iran). The performance of the simulation-optimization method is compared with that of the multi-objective non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGAII), and, after confirming the superior capacity of the MOALOA, the latter algorithm is applied to District 6 of Tehran municipality, Iran. The identified optimal LID SCMs are ranked with the technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) method that reveals the preferences of the runoff managers concerning SCMs choices. The most desirable solution herein found shows the optimal LID SCMs provide a significant reduction in runoff volume at the catchment outlet and flooding nodes.

scholarly journals Comment on “Suburban watershed nitrogen retention: Estimating the effectiveness of stormwater management structures” by Koch et al. (Elem Sci Anth 3:000063, July 2015)

Elem Sci Anth ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Stormwater Management ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Recent Analysis ◽  
Nitrogen Export ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Urban Catchments ◽  
Stormwater Control Measures ◽  
Stormwater Control

Abstract I reassess a recent analysis of uncertainty in estimates of nitrogen export from stormwater control measures, using structured expert judgment, which concluded that nitrogen export from a watershed in the Piedmont physiographic province of the Chesapeake Bay basin was an order of magnitude greater than from a watershed in the adjacent the Coastal Plain province. Re-analysis of expert responses suggests that hydrographic measurement error is a likely large source of uncertainty in N export from one of the watersheds. Mass-balance estimates of impervious runoff into stormwater drainage systems suggest that nitrogen export from the Coastal Plain watershed is an order of magnitude larger than estimated. This analysis highlights the importance of stormwater drainage infrastructure in driving the hydrology of streams in urban catchments by quarantining impervious runoff from watershed soils.

scholarly journals Quantifying Thermal Characteristics of Stormwater through Low Impact Development Systems

Hydrology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlene LeBleu ◽  
Mark Dougherty ◽  
Keith Rahn ◽  
Amy Wright ◽  
Ryan Bowen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Stormwater Runoff ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Heat Removal ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Base Temperature ◽  
Rain Gardens ◽  
Stormwater Control Measures ◽  
Stormwater Control

Urbanization causes alteration of the thermal regime (surface, air, and water) of the environment. Heated stormwater runoff flows into lakes, streams, bays, and estuaries, which potentially increases the base temperature of the surface water. The amount of heat transferred, and the degree of thermal pollution is of great importance to the ecological integrity of receiving waters. This research reports on a controlled laboratory scale test to assess low impact development (LID) stormwater control measure impacts on the thermal characteristics of stormwater runoff. We hypothesize that LID stormwater control measures (SCMs) such as pervious surfaces and rain gardens/bioretention can be used to mitigate the ground level thermal loads from stormwater runoff. Laboratory methods in this study captured and infiltrated simulated stormwater runoff from four infrared heated substrate microcosms (pervious concrete, impervious concrete, permeable concrete pavers, and turf grass), and routed the stormwater through rain garden microcosms. A data logging system with thermistors located on, within, and at exits of the microcosms, recorded resulting stormwater temperature flux. Researchers compared steady state temperatures of the laboratory to previously collected field data and achieved between 30% to 60% higher steady state surface temperatures with indoor than outdoor test sites. This research helps establish baseline data to study heat removal effectiveness of pervious materials when used alone or in combination as a treatment train with other stormwater control measures such as rain gardens/bioretention.

scholarly journals The Challenge of Maintaining Stormwater Control Measures: A Synthesis of Recent Research and Practitioner Experience

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Erickson ◽  
Vinicius Taguchi ◽  
John Gulliver
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Research ◽  
Phosphorus Release ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Vegetation Coverage ◽  
Regional Characteristics ◽  
Permeable Pavements ◽  
The World ◽  
Inspection And Maintenance ◽  
Stormwater Control Measures ◽  
Stormwater Control

The methods for properly executing inspection and maintenance of stormwater control measures are often ambiguous and inconsistently applied. This paper presents specific guidelines for inspecting and maintaining stormwater practices involving media filtration, infiltration, ponds, and permeable pavements because these tend to be widely implemented and often unsatisfactorily maintained. Guidelines and examples are based on recent scientific research and practitioner experience. Of special note are new assessment and maintenance methods, such as testing enhanced filtration media that targets dissolved constituents, maintaining proper vegetation coverage in infiltration practices, assessing phosphorus release from pond sediments, and the development of compressed impermeable regions in permeable pavements and their implications for runoff. Inspection and maintenance examples provided in this paper are drawn from practical examples in Northern Midwest USA, but most of the maintenance recommendations do not depend on regional characteristics, and guidance from around the world has been reviewed and cited herein.

scholarly journals Real time controlled sustainable urban drainage systems in dense urban areas

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 238-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nils Kändler ◽  
Ivar Annus ◽  
Anatoli Vassiljev ◽  
Raido Puust
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Urban Catchments

Abstract Stormwater runoff from urban catchments is affected by the changing climate and rapid urban development. Intensity of rainstorms is expected to increase in Northern Europe, and sealing off surfaces reduces natural stormwater management. Both trends increase stormwater peak runoff volume that urban stormwater systems (UDS) have to tackle. Pipeline systems have typically limited capacity, therefore measures must be foreseen to reduce runoff from new developed areas to existing UDS in order to avoid surcharge. There are several solutions available to tackle this challenge, e.g. low impact development (LID), best management practices (BMP) or stormwater real time control measures (RTC). In our study, a new concept of a smart in-line storage system is developed and evaluated on the background of traditional in-line and off-line detention solutions. The system is operated by real time controlled actuators with an ability to predict rainfall dynamics. This solution does not need an advanced and expensive centralised control system; it is easy to implement and install. The concept has been successfully tested in a 12.5 ha urban development area in Tallinn, the Estonian capital. Our analysis results show a significant potential and economic feasibility in the reduction of peak flow from dense urban areas with limited free construction space.

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