scholarly journals Optimal water quality sensor positioning in urban drainage systems for illicit intrusion identification

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariacrocetta Sambito ◽  
Cristiana Di Cristo ◽  
Gabriele Freni ◽  
Angelo Leopardi
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Computational Effort ◽  
Bayesian Decision ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Cumulative Impact ◽  
Drainage Systems ◽  
The Real ◽  
Additional Information

Abstract In the last decade, the growth of the micro-industry in urban areas has produced an increase in the frequency of xenobiotic polluting discharges in drainage systems. Wastewater treatment plants are usually characterized by low removal efficiencies in respect of such pollutants, which may have an acute or cumulative impact on environmental and public health. To facilitate the early isolation of illicit intrusions, this study aims to develop an approach for positioning water quality sensors based on the Bayesian decision network (BDN). The analysis is focused on soluble conservative pollutants, such as metals. The proposed methodology incorporates several sources of information, including network topology, flows and non-formal ‘grey’ information about the possible locations of contamination sources. The methodology is tested using two sewer systems with increasing complexity: a literature scheme from the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) manual and a real combined sewer in Italy. In both cases, the approach identifies the optimal sensor location gaining advantage from additional information, which reduces the computational effort needed to obtain the solution. In the real case, the application of the method yielded a better solution with regards to the real position of the implemented sensor network.

scholarly journals Pre-Conditioning Approach to Bayesian Decision Networks for Water Quality Sensors Positioning in Urban Drainage Systems

10.29007/bcnz ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariacrocetta Sambito ◽  
Cristiana Di Cristo ◽  
Gabriele Freni ◽  
Angelo Leopardi ◽  
Claudia Quintiliani
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Bayesian Decision ◽  
Result Section ◽  
Cumulative Impact ◽  
Drainage Systems ◽  
Bayesian Decision Networks ◽  
Bayesian Decision Network ◽  
Water Quality Sensors

In the last decades, the growth of mini- and micro-industry in urban areas has produced an increase in the frequency of xenobiotic polluting discharges in drainage systems. Such pollutants are usually characterized by low removal efficiencies in urban wastewater treatment plants and they may have an acute or cumulative impact on environment. In order to facilitate early detection and efficient containment of the illicit intrusions, the present work aims to develop a decision-support approach for positioning the water quality sensors. It is mainly based on the use of a decision-making support of the BDN type (Bayesian Decision Network), specifically looking soluble conservative pollutants, such as metals. In the application and result section the methodology is tested on two sewer systems, with increasing complexity: a literature scheme from the SWMM manual and a real combined sewer.

Urban water quality modelling: a parsimonious holistic approach for a complex real case study

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 521-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Freni ◽  
Giorgio Mannina ◽  
Gaspare Viviani
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Integrated Modelling ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Water Quality Data ◽  
Urban Catchments

In the past three decades, scientific research has focused on the preservation of water resources, and in particular, on the polluting impact of urban areas on natural water bodies. One approach to this research has involved the development of tools to describe the phenomena that take place on the urban catchment during both wet and dry periods. Research has demonstrated the importance of the integrated analysis of all the transformation phases that characterise the delivery and treatment of urban water pollutants from source to outfall. With this aim, numerous integrated urban drainage models have been developed to analyse the fate of pollution from urban catchments to the final receiving waters, simulating several physical and chemical processes. Such modelling approaches require calibration, and for this reason, researchers have tried to address two opposing needs: the need for reliable representation of complex systems, and the need to employ parsimonious approaches to cope with the usually insufficient, especially for urban sources, water quality data. The present paper discusses the application of a bespoke model to a complex integrated catchment: the Nocella basin (Italy). This system is characterised by two main urban areas served by two wastewater treatment plants, and has a small river as the receiving water body. The paper describes the monitoring approach that was used for model calibration, presents some interesting considerations about the monitoring needs for integrated modelling applications, and provides initial results useful for identifying the most relevant polluting sources.

Overview of Federal Law and USEPA Regulations for Urban Runoff

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 445-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry A. Roesner ◽  
Paul Traina
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Urban Runoff ◽  
The United States ◽  
Storm Water ◽  
Water Quality Control ◽  
Drainage Systems ◽  
Wet Weather

Within the last three years, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) has taken two significant steps with respect to regulating the quality of storm water discharges from urban areas. The first of these is the development of Final Rules and Regulations for Storm Water Discharges from urban areas with separated waste water and storm drainage systems. Published in late 1990, the rule requires all municipalities with populations over 100,000 to apply for a permit to discharge storm water under the USEPA's National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES). The permit application must include, among other things, a plan to reduce the pollutants in urban runoff to the “Maximum Extent Practicable”. The second step is the publication in January, 1993, of a draft policy regulating discharges from combined sewer systems. These two initiatives for water quality control of wet weather discharges from urban drainage systems are significant steps forward in a national program to reduce pollution contributions to receiving waters in urban areas. This paper provides an overview of the requirements of these two wet weather water quality management programs.

Decision strategies for handling the uncertainty of future extreme rainfall under the influence of climate change

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 284-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. B. Gregersen ◽  
K. Arnbjerg-Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Bayesian Decision ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Construction Costs ◽  
Drainage Systems ◽  
Support Strategies ◽  
Robust Decisions

Several extraordinary rainfall events have occurred in Denmark within the last few years. For each event, problems in urban areas occurred as the capacity of the existing drainage systems were exceeded. Adaptation to climate change is necessary but also very challenging as urban drainage systems are characterized by long technical lifetimes and high, unrecoverable construction costs. One of the most important barriers for the initiation and implementation of the adaptation strategies is therefore the uncertainty when predicting the magnitude of the extreme rainfall in the future. This challenge is explored through the application and discussion of three different theoretical decision support strategies: the precautionary principle, the minimax strategy and Bayesian decision support. The reviewed decision support strategies all proved valuable for addressing the identified uncertainties, at best applied together as they all yield information that improved decision making and thus enabled more robust decisions.

Modelling COD and N removal in the water and in the benthic biofilm for the River Wupper in Germany

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (10) ◽  
pp. 163-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Wichern ◽  
O. Kehl ◽  
V. Erbe ◽  
M. Luebken ◽  
P.A. Wilderer
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Molecular Diffusion ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
River Rhine ◽  
Quality Model ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Strong Focus ◽  
Biofilm Detachment ◽  
Nitrogen Conversion

The River Wupper, a tributary of the River Rhine, is at several locations influenced by anthropogenous nitrogen input, hydraulic structures, and influents from other tributaries. These influences have an impact both on the water quality and on the hydrodynamic conditions. The model approaches used for this article are based on work of Rauch et al. and the River Water Quality Model No. 1; they allow the simulation of the nitrogen conversion in the River Wupper. They are compatible with the activated sludge models and can thus be used also for integrated approaches. The calibration and validation of the model was realized using actual data of the River Wupper over a length of 60 km with one dam, 10 weirs, three wastewater treatment plants and 11 tributaries. The model considers the nitrogen conversion and COD removal and has a strong focus on biofilm processes in the benthic zone. Additional information is given about the sedimentation processes, the physical oxygen input processes, biofilm detachment processes, molecular diffusion, the influence of the laminar border layer and the changing of COD fractions and biofilm densities.

PENGARUH PERUBAHAN JUMLAH PENDUDUK TERHADAP KUALITAS AIR DI INDONESIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-215
Author(s):  
Nur Afiyah Maizunati ◽  
Mohamad Zaenal Arifin
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Growth Control ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
The Social

Ongoing population growth and urbanization can cause pressure on water systems, especially in urban areas. Several previous studies have found evidence of an influence between population and water quality. However, the phenomenon in Indonesia is slightly different, because although population growth has decreased trend, but the acquisition of water quality index still fluctuate in several years. This study aims to determine the significance influence of population on water quality in Indonesia. Data analysis is done through regression of panel data of 33 provinces with fixed effect model, The results showed that the population has a negative influence on water quality in Indonesia. An increase on population by 1,000 people tends to lower the water quality index by an average of 1.13 points (cateris paribus). Population growth control becomes absolute and priority in Indonesia. However, these efforts need to be accompanied by continuous improvement of competence and welfare, so that the social awareness and economic capacity of each population are increased in order to achieve a better maintenance on the quality of the environment.

Deterioration in the Water Quality of Groundwater in Some Municipal Water Extraction Plants in Finland

1979 ◽  
Vol 10 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 171-190
Author(s):  
Pertti Lahermo ◽  
Jouko Parviainen
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Water Extraction ◽  
Groundwater Extraction ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Municipal Water ◽  
The 1960S

In this study the changes in the quality of groundwater are described on the basis of material collected at some groundwater extraction plants situated mainly in urban areas. The causes of the marked increase in the content of dissolved solids are evaluated from the 1960s onwards.

A study about the use of chemicals in conventional tertiary treatment. Performances comparison of three municipal wastewater treatment plants and pilot plant experiences

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Iborra-Clar ◽  
J.A. Mendoza-Roca ◽  
A. Bes-Pií ◽  
J.J. Morenilla-Martínez ◽  
I. Bernácer-Bonora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation ◽  
Valencian Region ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants

Rainfall diminution in the last years has entailed water scarcity in plenty of European regions, especially in Mediterranean areas. As a consequence, regional water authorities have enhanced wastewater reclamation and reuse. Thus, the implementation of tertiary treatments has become of paramount importance in the municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) of Valencian Region (Spain). Conventional tertiary treatments consist of a physico-chemical treatment of the secondary effluent followed by sand filtration and UV radiation. However, the addition of coagulants and flocculants sometimes does not contribute significantly in the final water quality. In this work, results of 20-months operation of three WWTP in Valencian Region with different tertiary treatments (two without chemicals addition and another with chemicals addition) are discussed. Besides, experiments with a 2 m3/h pilot plant located in the WWTP Quart-Benager in Valencia were performed in order to evaluate with the same secondary effluent the effect of the chemicals addition on the final water quality. Results showed that the addition of chemicals did not improve the final water quality significantly. These results were observed both comparing the three full scale plants and in the pilot plant operation.

Design and Operation of Small Wastewater Treatment Plants by the Microbial Film Process

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 139-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Iwai ◽  
Y. Oshino ◽  
T. Tsukada
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Small Communities ◽  
Fishing Villages ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
History Of ◽  
Microbial Film

Although the ratio of sewer systems to population in Japan has been improving in recent years, the construction of sewer systems in small communities such as farming or fishing villages, etc. had lagged behind that of urban areas. However, construction of small-scale sewer systems in farming and fishing villages has been actively carried out in recent years. This report explains the history of the promotion of small-scale sewer systems, why submerged filter beds are being employed in many cases, and introduces the design, operation and maintenance of representative waste-water treatment plants in farming and fishing villages which incorporate de-nitrogen and dephosphorization.

scholarly journals The Influence of Friends on Teen Vaping: A Mixed-Methods Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 6784
Author(s):  
Allison L. Groom ◽  
Thanh-Huyen T. Vu ◽  
Robyn L. Landry ◽  
Anshula Kesh ◽  
Joy L. Hart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Peer Influence ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Sources Of Information

Vaping is popular among adolescents. Previous research has explored sources of information and influence on youth vaping, including marketing, ads, family, peers, social media, and the internet. This research endeavors to expand understanding of peer influence. Our hypothesis is that friends’ influence on teen vapers’ first electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) use varies by demographic variables and awareness of ENDS advertising. In August–October 2017, youth (n = 3174) aged 13–18 completed an online survey to quantify ENDS behaviors and attitudes and were invited to participate in follow-up online research in November-December 2017 to probe qualitative context around perceptions and motivations (n = 76). This analysis focused on the ENDS users, defined as having ever tried any ENDS product, from the survey (n = 1549) and the follow-up research (n = 39). Among survey respondents, friends were the most common source of vapers’ first ENDS product (60%). Most survey respondents tried their first ENDS product while “hanging out with friends” (54%). Among follow-up research participants, the theme of socializing was also prominent. ENDS advertising and marketing through social media had a strong association with friend networks; in fact, the odds of friends as source of the first vaping experience were 2 times higher for those who had seen ENDS ads on social media compared with other types of media. The influence of friends is particularly evident among non-Hispanic Whites, Hispanics/Latinos, those living in urban areas, those living in high-income households, those with higher self-esteem, and those who experiment with vaping. These findings support the premise that peer influence is a primary social influencer and reinforcer for vaping. Being included in a popular activity appears to be a strong driving force.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document