scholarly journals Return period assessment of urban pluvial floods through modelling of rainfall–flood response

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 829-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damian Murla Tuyls ◽  
Søren Thorndahl ◽  
Michael R. Rasmussen
Keyword(s):  
Return Period ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Drainage ◽  
Return Periods ◽  
Drainage Systems ◽  
Flood Impacts ◽  
Urban Drainage Systems ◽  
Flood Estimation ◽  
Flood Response ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Intense rainfall in urban areas can often generate severe flood impacts. Consequently, it is crucial to design systems to minimize potential flood damages. Traditional, simple design of urban drainage systems assumes agreement between rainfall return period and its consequent flood return period; however, this does not always apply. Hydraulic infrastructures found in urban drainage systems can increase system heterogeneity and perturb the impact of severe rainfall response. In this study, a surface flood return period assessment was carried out at Lystrup (Denmark), which has received the impact of flooding in recent years. A 35 years' rainfall dataset together with a coupled 1D/2D surface and network model was used to analyse and assess flood return period response. Results show an ambiguous relation between rainfall and flood return periods indicating that linear rainfall–runoff relationships will, for the analysed case study, be insufficient for flood estimation. Simulation-based mapping of return periods for flood area and volume has been suggested, and moreover, a novel approach has been developed to map local flood response time and relate this to rainfall characteristics. This approach allows to carefully analyse rainfall impacts and flooding response for a correct flood return period assessment in urban areas.

scholarly journals Hydrodynamic Characterization of Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SuDS) by Using Beerkan Infiltration Experiments

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Bouarafa ◽  
Laurent Lassabatere ◽  
Gislain Lipeme-Kouyi ◽  
Rafael Angulo-Jaramillo
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Water Retention Curve ◽  
Urban Drainage ◽  
Hydrodynamic Behavior ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
Runoff Water ◽  
Drainage Systems ◽  
Urban Drainage Systems ◽  
The Impact

Stormwater management techniques in urban areas, such as sustainable urban drainage systems (SuDS), are designed to manage rainwater through an infiltration process. In order to determine the infiltration capacities of different SuDS and to identify their unsaturated hydraulic properties, measurements with the Beerkan method (i.e., single ring infiltration tests) were carried out on four types of common infiltration structures in an urban zone of Lyon (France): A drainage ditch with an underlying storage structure, a parking lot with a waterproof pavement that transfers runoff water toward the ditch, a vegetated hollow core slab, and an embankment of a grass-covered garden that was used as a reference for rainwater infiltration capacity. The novelty of this study lies in the use of three Beerkan estimation of soil transfer parameters (BEST) algorithms: BEST-slope, BEST-intercept, and BEST-steady to analyze infiltration data. The BEST methods are based on the analysis of the infiltration rate from transient to steady-state flow. They allow the determination of both shape and scale parameters of the soil water retention curve h(θ) and the hydraulic conductivity curve K(θ). The three BEST methods are efficient and simple for hydraulic characterization of SuDS. The study of the hydrodynamic behavior of the four structures revealed the infiltration inefficiency of some of them. Their average infiltration rates are considerably lower than the reference infiltration rain garden. The results confirmed the impact of some physical conditions, such as pore structure modification due to invasive vegetation colonization and the presence of soil organic matter, on soil hydrodynamic behavior degradation.

scholarly journals Many-Objective Optimization of Sustainable Drainage Systems in Urban Areas with Different Surface Slopes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omid Seyedashraf ◽  
Andrea Bottacin-Busolin ◽  
Julien J. Harou
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Flood Management ◽  
Urban Drainage ◽  
Unequal Distribution ◽  
Drainage Systems ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Surface Slopes ◽  
Urban Drainage Systems ◽  
Urban Catchments ◽  
The Impact

AbstractSustainable urban drainage systems are multi-functional nature-based solutions that can facilitate flood management in urban catchments while improving stormwater runoff quality. Traditionally, the evaluation of the performance of sustainable drainage infrastructure has been limited to a narrow set of design objectives to simplify their implementation and decision-making process. In this study, the spatial design of sustainable urban drainage systems is optimized considering five objective functions, including minimization of flood volume, flood duration, average peak runoff, total suspended solids, and capital cost. This allows selecting an ensemble of admissible portfolios that best trade-off capital costs and the other important urban drainage services. The impact of the average surface slope of the urban catchment on the optimal design solutions is discussed in terms of spatial distribution of sustainable drainage types. Results show that different subcatchment slopes result in non-uniform distributional designs of sustainable urban drainage systems, with higher capital costs and larger surface areas of green assets associated with steeper slopes. This has two implications. First, urban areas with different surface slopes should not have a one-size-fits-all design policy. Second, spatial equality must be taken into account when applying optimization models to urban subcatchments with different surface slopes to avoid unequal distribution of environmental and human health co-benefits associated with green drainage infrastructure.

scholarly journals Portable XRF Quick-Scan Mapping for Potential Toxic Elements Pollutants in Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems: A Methodological Approach

Sci ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Guri Venvik ◽  
Floris C. Boogaard
Keyword(s):  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Urban Drainage ◽  
Runoff Water ◽  
Portable Xrf ◽  
Potential Toxic Elements ◽  
Drainage Systems ◽  
Urban Drainage Systems

Sustainable urban drainage systems (SuDS) such as swales are designed to collect, store and infiltrate a large amount of surface runoff water during heavy rainfall. Stormwater is known to transport pollutants, such as particle-bound Potential Toxic Elements (PTE), which are known to often accumulate in the topsoil. A portable XRF instrument (pXRF) is used to provide in situ spatial characterization of soil pollutants, specifically lead (Pb), zink (Zn) and copper (Cu). The method uses pXRF measurements of PTE along profiles with set intervals (1 meter) to cover the swale with cross-sections, across the inlet, the deepest point and the outlet. Soil samples are collected, and the In-Situ measurements are verified by the results from laboratory analyses. Stormwater is here shown to be the transporting media for the pollutants, so it is of importance to investigate areas most prone to flooding and infiltration. This quick scan method is time and cost-efficient, easy to execute and the results are comparable to any known (inter)national threshold criteria for polluted soils. The results are of great importance for all stakeholders in cities that are involved in climate adaptation and implementing green infrastructure in urban areas. However, too little is still known about the long-term functioning of the soil-based SuDS facilities.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Thermal Performance of Wet Swales Housing Ground Source Heat Pump Elements through Laboratory Modelling

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Rey-Mahía ◽  
Luis A. Sañudo-Fontaneda ◽  
Valerio C. Andrés-Valeri ◽  
Felipe Pedro Álvarez-Rabanal ◽  
Stephen John Coupe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Urban Drainage ◽  
Outlet Temperature ◽  
Ground Source Heat Pump ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Drainage Systems ◽  
Ground Source ◽  
Urban Drainage Systems ◽  
The Impact

Land-use change due to rapid urbanization poses a threat to urban environments, which are in need of multifunctional green solutions to face complex future socio-ecological and climate scenarios. Urban regeneration strategies, bringing green infrastructure, are currently using sustainable urban drainage systems to exploit the provision of ecosystem services and their wider benefits. The link between food, energy and water depicts a technological knowledge gap, represented by previous attempts to investigate the combination between ground source heat pump and permeable pavement systems. This research aims to transfer these concepts into greener sustainable urban drainage systems like wet swales. A 1:2 scaled laboratory models were built and analysed under a range of ground source heat pump temperatures (20–50 °C). Behavioral models of vertical and inlet/outlet temperature difference within the system were developed, achieving high R2, representing the first attempt to describe the thermal performance of wet swales in literature when designed alongside ground source heat pump elements. Statistical analyses showed the impact of ambient temperature and the heating source at different scales in all layers, as well as, the resilience to heating processes, recovering their initial thermal state within 16 h after the heating stage.

scholarly journals Partitioning the impacts of spatial and climatological rainfall variability in urban drainage modeling

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 1559-1572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadav Peleg ◽  
Frank Blumensaat ◽  
Peter Molnar ◽  
Simone Fatichi ◽  
Paolo Burlando
Keyword(s):  
Climate Variability ◽  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Urban Drainage ◽  
Return Periods ◽  
Total Flow ◽  
Drainage Systems ◽  
Flow Variability ◽  
Urban Drainage Systems ◽  
Spatially Distributed

Abstract. The performance of urban drainage systems is typically examined using hydrological and hydrodynamic models where rainfall input is uniformly distributed, i.e., derived from a single or very few rain gauges. When models are fed with a single uniformly distributed rainfall realization, the response of the urban drainage system to the rainfall variability remains unexplored. The goal of this study was to understand how climate variability and spatial rainfall variability, jointly or individually considered, affect the response of a calibrated hydrodynamic urban drainage model. A stochastic spatially distributed rainfall generator (STREAP – Space-Time Realizations of Areal Precipitation) was used to simulate many realizations of rainfall for a 30-year period, accounting for both climate variability and spatial rainfall variability. The generated rainfall ensemble was used as input into a calibrated hydrodynamic model (EPA SWMM – the US EPA's Storm Water Management Model) to simulate surface runoff and channel flow in a small urban catchment in the city of Lucerne, Switzerland. The variability of peak flows in response to rainfall of different return periods was evaluated at three different locations in the urban drainage network and partitioned among its sources. The main contribution to the total flow variability was found to originate from the natural climate variability (on average over 74 %). In addition, the relative contribution of the spatial rainfall variability to the total flow variability was found to increase with longer return periods. This suggests that while the use of spatially distributed rainfall data can supply valuable information for sewer network design (typically based on rainfall with return periods from 5 to 15 years), there is a more pronounced relevance when conducting flood risk assessments for larger return periods. The results show the importance of using multiple distributed rainfall realizations in urban hydrology studies to capture the total flow variability in the response of the urban drainage systems to heavy rainfall events.

scholarly journals Portable XRF Quick-Scan Mapping for Potential Toxic Elements Pollutants in Sustainable urban Drainage Systems: A Methodological Approach

Sci ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Guri Venvik ◽  
Floris C. Boogaard
Keyword(s):  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Urban Drainage ◽  
Runoff Water ◽  
Portable Xrf ◽  
Potential Toxic Elements ◽  
Drainage Systems ◽  
Urban Drainage Systems

Sustainable urban drainage systems (SuDS) such as swales are designed to collect, store and infiltrate a large amount of surface runoff water during heavy rainfall. Stormwater is known to transport pollutants, such as particle-bound Potential Toxic Elements (PTE), which are known to often accumulate in the topsoil. A portable XRF instrument (pXRF) is used to provide in situ spatial characterization of soil pollutants, specifically lead (Pb), zink (Zn) and copper (Cu). The method uses pXRF measurements of PTE along profiles with set intervals (1 m) to cover the swale with cross-sections, across the inlet, the deepest point and the outlet. Soil samples are collected, and the In-Situ measurements are verified by the results from laboratory analyses. Stormwater is here shown to be the transporting media for the pollutants, so it is of importance to investigate areas most prone to flooding and infiltration. This quick scan method is time and cost-efficient, easy to execute and the results are comparable to any known (inter)national threshold criteria for polluted soils. The results are of great importance for all stakeholders in cities that are involved in climate adaptation and implementing green infrastructure in urban areas. However, too little is still known about the long-term functioning of the soil-based SuDS facilities.

scholarly journals Portable XRF Quick-Scan Mapping for Potential Toxic Elements Pollutants in Sustainable urban Drainage Systems: A Methodological Approach

Sci ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guri Venvik ◽  
Floris C. Boogaard
Keyword(s):  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Urban Drainage ◽  
Runoff Water ◽  
Portable Xrf ◽  
Potential Toxic Elements ◽  
Drainage Systems ◽  
Urban Drainage Systems

Sustainable urban drainage systems (SuDS) such as swales are designed to collect, store and infiltrate a large amount of surface runoff water during heavy rainfall. Stormwater is known to transport pollutants, such as particle-bound Potential Toxic Elements (PTE), which are known to often accumulate in the topsoil. A portable XRF instrument (pXRF) is used to provide in situ spatial characterization of soil pollutants, specifically lead (Pb), zink (Zn) and copper (Cu). The method uses pXRF measurements of PTE along profiles with set intervals (1 m) to cover the swale with cross-sections, across the inlet, the deepest point and the outlet. Soil samples are collected, and the In-Situ measurements are verified by the results from laboratory analyses. Stormwater is here shown to be the transporting media for the pollutants, so it is of importance to investigate areas most prone to flooding and infiltration. This quick scan method is time and cost-efficient, easy to execute and the results are comparable to any known (inter)national threshold criteria for polluted soils. The results are of great importance for all stakeholders in cities that are involved in climate adaptation and implementing green infrastructure in urban areas. However, too little is still known about the long-term functioning of the soil-based SuDS facilities.

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