scholarly journals GroundWater Markup Language (GWML) – enabling groundwater data interoperability in spatial data infrastructures

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Boisvert ◽  
Boyan Brodaric
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Heterogeneous Data ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
Markup Language ◽  
Online Data ◽  
Data Interoperability ◽  
Scientific Application ◽  
Data Infrastructure ◽  
Geography Markup Language

Increasing stress on global groundwater resources is leading to new approaches to the management and delivery of groundwater data. These approaches include the deployment of a Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) to enable online data interoperability amongst numerous and heterogeneous data sources. Often an important component of an SDI is a global domain schema, which serves as a central structure for the query and transport of data, but at present there does not exist a schema for groundwater data that is strongly compliant with SDI concepts, standards, and technologies. In this paper we present GroundWater Markup Language (GWML), a groundwater application of the Geography Markup Language (GML). GWML can be used in conjunction with a variety of web services to facilitate data interoperability in a SDI. We describe three common usage scenarios that motivate the design of GWML and a three-stage design methodology involving conceptual, logical and physical schemas. The resultant GWML has broad scope as demonstrated by its implementation in the Canadian Groundwater Information Network. Example uses include decision support in resource management, a scientific application for aquifer mapping, and a commercial application for drill site selection. These demonstrated uses suggest GWML can play a key role in emerging groundwater SDI.

The Open Geospatial Consortium and Web Services Standards

2011 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl N. Reed
Keyword(s):  
Web Services ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Seamless Integration ◽  
Data Infrastructure ◽  
Geography Markup Language ◽  
Simple Mass ◽  
Open Geospatial Consortium ◽  
Geospatial Web Services

This chapter discusses the role of Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) geospatial standards as a key aspect in the development, deployment, and use of Geospatial Web Services. The OGC vision for web services is the complete integration of geographic (location) and time information into the very fabric of both the internet and the web. Today, the Geospatial Web Services encompasses applications ranging from as simple as geo-tagging a photograph to mobile driving directions to sophisticated spatial data infrastructure portal applications orchestrating workflows for complex scientific modeling applications. In all of these applications, location and usually time are required information elements. In many of these applications, standards are the “glue” that allow the easy and seamless integration of location and time in applications - whether simple mass market or integration into enterprise workflows. These standards may be very lightweight, such as GeoRSS, or more sophisticated such as the OGC Web Feature Service (WFS) and Geography Markup Language (GML).

From Print Formats to Digital

2011 ◽  
pp. 114-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ardis Hanson ◽  
Susan Jane Heron
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Spatial Data Infrastructure ◽  
Geospatial Data ◽  
Data Interoperability ◽  
Metadata Standard ◽  
Data Infrastructure ◽  
Automated Mapping ◽  
Geographic Data

The preceding chapter discussed how geographic and cartographic materials are traditionally described in libraries. With the growth of geospatial data, new methods of description needed to be developed to allow users, often with very different information needs, to find and retrieve relevant resources across different platforms and software systems. Geographic information systems are designed to allow the management of large quantities of spatially referenced information about natural and man-made environments, covering areas such as public health, urban and regional planning, disaster response and recovery, environmental assessments, wetlands delineation, renewable resource management, automated mapping/facilities management, and national defense. Powerful computers, advanced network capacities, and enhanced, distributed GIS software allowed the growth of the National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI). Established by Executive Order 12906 in April 1994, the NSDI assembles “technology, policies, standards, and human resources to acquire, process, store, distribute, and improve utilization of geospatial data for a variety of users nationwide” (Federal Geographic Data Committee, 2006a). The goal of the NSDI is to “reduce duplication of effort among agencies, improve quality and reduce costs related to geographic information, to make geographic data more accessible to the public, to increase the benefits of using available data, and to establish key partnerships with states, counties, cities, tribal nations, academia and the private sector to increase data availability” (Federal Geographic Data Committee, 2006b). However, the success of a national spatial data infrastructure depends on the development of a series of standards for that infrastructure. Infrastructure components encompass a variety of elements. Hardware and physical facilities store, process, and transmit information; software applications and software allow access, structure, and manipulation of information; and network standards and transmission codes facilitate interorganizational and cross-system communication (Hanson, 2006). When reviewing standards for geospatial data, one must look at standards for cartography, hardware and software, telecommunications, and information technology standards at national and international levels. Several thousand standards apply to computers, and this can be multiplied geometrically, if not exponentially, with the advent of network standards and integrated data formats. This chapter will address standards in geospatial data, interoperability and transferability, mark-up languages, and the development of the federal metadata standard for geospatial information.

scholarly journals An Open-Source Web Platform to Share Multisource, Multisensor Geospatial Data and Measurements of Ground Deformation in Mountain Areas

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Martina Cignetti ◽  
Diego Guenzi ◽  
Francesca Ardizzone ◽  
Paolo Allasia ◽  
Daniele Giordan
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Ground Deformation ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Heterogeneous Data ◽  
Geospatial Data ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Data Infrastructure

Nowadays, the increasing demand to collect, manage and share archives of data supporting geo-hydrological processes investigations requires the development of spatial data infrastructure able to store geospatial data and ground deformation measurements, also considering multisource and heterogeneous data. We exploited the GeoNetwork open-source software to simultaneously organize in-situ measurements and radar sensor observations, collected in the framework of the HAMMER project study areas, all located in high mountain regions distributed in the Alpines, Apennines, Pyrenees and Andes mountain chains, mainly focusing on active landslides. Taking advantage of this free and internationally recognized platform based on standard protocols, we present a valuable instrument to manage data and metadata, both in-situ surface measurements, typically acquired at local scale for short periods (e.g., during emergency), and satellite observations, usually exploited for regional scale analysis of surface displacement. Using a dedicated web-interface, all the results derived by instrumental acquisitions and by processing of remote sensing images can be queried, analyzed and downloaded from both expert users and stakeholders. This leads to a useful instrument able to share various information within the scientific community, including the opportunity of reprocessing the raw data for other purposes and in other contexts.

scholarly journals PROPOSAL FOR A WEB ENCODING SERVICE (WES) FOR SPATIAL DATA TRANSACTIO

2015 ◽  
Vol II-2/W2 ◽  
pp. 63-67
Author(s):  
C. B. Siew ◽  
S. Peters ◽  
A. A. Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Web Services ◽  
Web Service ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Data Delivery ◽  
Markup Language ◽  
Data Infrastructure ◽  
Web 3D ◽  
Open Geospatial Consortium ◽  
3D City Modelling ◽  
Processing Service

Web services utilizations in Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) have been well established and standardized by Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC). Similar web services for 3D SDI are also being established in recent years, with extended capabilities to handle 3D spatial data. The increasing popularity of using <i>City Geographic Markup Language</i> (CityGML) for 3D city modelling applications leads to the needs for large spatial data handling for data delivery. This paper revisits the available web services in OGC Web Services (OWS), and propose the background concepts and requirements for encoding spatial data via Web Encoding Service (WES). Furthermore, the paper discusses the data flow of the encoder within web service, e.g. possible integration with Web Processing Service (WPS) or Web 3D Services (W3DS). The integration with available web service could be extended to other available web services for efficient handling of spatial data, especially 3D spatial data.

scholarly journals Indoor Reconstruction from Floorplan Images with a Deep Learning Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanme Jang ◽  
Kiyun Yu ◽  
JongHyeon Yang
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Corner Detection ◽  
Thick Wall ◽  
Markup Language ◽  
Vector Data ◽  
Edge Structure ◽  
Geography Markup Language ◽  
Space Modeling

Although interest in indoor space modeling is increasing, the quantity of indoor spatial data available is currently very scarce compared to its demand. Many studies have been carried out to acquire indoor spatial information from floorplan images because they are relatively cheap and easy to access. However, existing studies do not take international standards and usability into consideration, they consider only 2D geometry. This study aims to generate basic data that can be converted to indoor spatial information using IndoorGML (Indoor Geography Markup Language) thick wall model or the CityGML (City Geography Markup Language) level of detail 2 by creating vector-formed data while preserving wall thickness. To achieve this, recent Convolutional Neural Networks are used on floorplan images to detect wall and door pixels. Additionally, centerline and corner detection algorithms were applied to convert wall and door images into vector data. In this manner, we obtained high-quality raster segmentation results and reliable vector data with node-edge structure and thickness attributes that enabled the structures of vertical and horizontal wall segments and diagonal walls to be determined with precision. Some of the vector results were converted into CityGML and IndoorGML form and visualized, demonstrating the validity of our work.

scholarly journals An Overview of the Use of GML in Modern Spatial Data Infrastructures

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktors Skoks ◽  
Christian Steurer
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Earth Observation ◽  
Geospatial Data ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Markup Language ◽  
Geography Markup Language ◽  
Data Infrastructures ◽  
Spatial Data Infrastructures ◽  
Earth Observation Data ◽  
Data Harmonisation

An Overview of the Use of GML in Modern Spatial Data InfrastructuresThis paper introduces an overview of the use of Geography Markup Language in modern Spatial Data Infrastructures. The goal of the paper was to indicate some of the main consequences of the use of Geography Markup Language in the important geospatial data harmonisation processes, both search and access, which are in current use. In order to show a practical example of the use of Geography Markup Language, the system for Earth observation data processing and distribution at the Institute for Applied Remote Sensing at EURAC, Bolzano was studied. The results of the paper set out how Geography Markup Language is used in modern Spatial Data Infrastructures, and the degree to which the Geography Markup Language standard is helpful in achieving data harmonisation and interoperability.

Geospatial Interoperability

2011 ◽  
pp. 1652-1658
Author(s):  
Manoj Paul ◽  
S.K. Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Information Sharing ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Data Representation ◽  
Geospatial Data ◽  
Geospatial Information ◽  
Data Infrastructure ◽  
Geography Markup Language ◽  
Standard Data ◽  
Data Formats

Spatial information is an essential component in almost all decision support system due to the capability it provides for analyzing anything that has reference to the location on earth. Spatial data generally provides thematic information of different aspects over a region. Geospatial information, a variant of spatial information, is generally collected on thematic basis, where individual organizations are involved on any particular theme. Geospatial thematic data is being collected from decades and huge amount of data is available in different organizations (Stoimenov, Dordevi´c, & Stojanovi´c 2000). Information communities find it difficult to locate and retrieve required geospatial information from other geospatial sources in reliable and acceptable form. The problem that has been incurred is the lack of standards in geospatial data formats and storage/access mechanism (Devogele, Parent, Spaccapietra, 1998). Heterogeneity in geospatial data formats and access methods poses a major challenge for geospatial information sharing among a larger user community. With the growing need of geospatial information and widespread use of Internet has fostered the requirement of geospatial information sharing over the Web. The Geo-Web (Lake, Burggraf, Trninic, & Rae, 2005) is being envisioned to be a distributed network of interconnected geographic information sources and processing services that are: • Globally accessible, that is, they live on the internet and are accessed through standard Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) and W3C interfaces, • Globally integrated data sources that make use of standard data representation for sharing and transporting geospatial data. Unless a standard means for geospatial information sharing is developed, interoperability cannot be realized. Without successful interoperability approaches, the realization of Geo-Web is not possible. Geo-Web is being developed to address the need for access to current and accurate geospatial information from diverse geospatial sources around the world. The National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) initiative has been taken by many nations for providing integrated access of geospatial information (Budak, Sheth, & Ramakrishnan, 2004). Actual data will be kept under the jurisdiction of the organization producing that data. A user will be interested in availing geospatial services through well-defined interface. Without some internationally agreed upon standards for geospatial data and computational methodology, this cannot be made into existence. This chapter discusses several issues towards geospatial interoperability and adoption of geography markup language (GML) (Cox, Cuthbert, Lake, & Martell, 2001; Lake et al., 2005) as a common geospatial data format. The associated technologies that can be used for realizing geospatial interoperability have also been discussed.

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