scholarly journals Application of an Eulerian–Lagrangian–Agent method (ELAM) to rank alternative designs of a juvenile fish passage facility

2006 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 271-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. Weber ◽  
R. A. Goodwin ◽  
S. Li ◽  
J. M. Nestler ◽  
J. J. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fish Passage ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Cfd Modeling ◽  
Engineering Practice ◽  
Complex Flow ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Agent Based

The Eulerian–Lagrangian–Agent method (ELAM) couples three modelling approaches into a single, integrated simulation environment: (i) Eulerian descriptions, (ii) Lagrangian formulations, and (iii) agent reference frameworks. ELAMS are particularly effective at decoding and simulating the motion dynamics of individual aquatic organisms, using the output of high fidelity computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models to represent complex flow fields. Here we describe the application of an ELAM to design a juvenile fish passage facility at Wanapum Dam on the Columbia River in the United States. This application is composed of three parts: (1) an agent-based model, that simulates the movement decisions made by individual fish, (2) an Eulerian CFD model that solves the 3D Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations with a standard k–ɛ turbulence model with wall functions using a multi-block structured mesh, and (3) a Lagrangian particle-tracker used to interpolate information from the Eulerian mesh to point locations needed by the agent model and to track the trajectory of each virtual fish in three dimensions. We discuss aspects of the computational mesh topology and other CFD modeling topics important to this and future applications of the ELAM model for juvenille salmon, the Numerical Fish Surrogate. The good match between forecasted (virtual) and measured (observed) fish passage proportions demonstrates the value-added benefit of using agent-based models (i.e. the Numerical Fish Surrogate model) as part of common engineering practice for fish passage design and, more fundamentally, to simulate complex ecological processes.

Mother or Wife?

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 232-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phia S. Salter ◽  
Glenn Adams
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Cultural Psychology ◽  
The United States ◽  
Personal Relationship ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Church Membership ◽  
Cultural Dynamics ◽  
Psychology Perspective ◽  
Cultural Ecological

Inspired by “Mother or Wife” African dilemma tales, the present research utilizes a cultural psychology perspective to explore the dynamic, mutual constitution of personal relationship tendencies and cultural-ecological affordances for neoliberal subjectivity and abstracted independence. We administered a resource allocation task in Ghana and the United States to assess the prioritization of conjugal/nuclear relationships over consanguine/kin relationships along three dimensions of sociocultural variation: nation (American and Ghanaian), residence (urban and rural), and church membership (Pentecostal Charismatic and Traditional Western Mission). Results show that tendencies to prioritize nuclear over kin relationships – especially spouses over parents – were greater among participants in the first compared to the second of each pair. Discussion considers issues for a cultural psychology of cultural dynamics.

scholarly journals I’m Every Woman: Advancing the Intersectional Leadership of Black Women School Leaders as Anti-Racist Praxis

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 7-28
Author(s):  
April L. Peters ◽  
Angel Miles Nash
Keyword(s):  
Black Women ◽  
The United States ◽  
Women's Leadership ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Leadership Framework ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Resisting Oppression ◽  
Epistemological Basis

The rallying, clarion call to #SayHerName has prompted the United States to intentionally include the lives, voices, struggles, and contributions of Black women and countless others of her ilk who have suffered and strived in the midst of anti-Black racism. To advance a leadership framework that is rooted in the historicity of brilliance embodied in Black women’s educational leadership, and their proclivity for resisting oppression, we expand on intersectional leadership. We develop this expansion along three dimensions of research centering Black women’s leadership: the historical foundation of Black women’s leadership in schools and communities, the epistemological basis of Black women’s racialized and gendered experiences, and the ontological characterization of Black women’s expertise in resisting anti-Black racism in educational settings. We conclude with a four tenet articulation detailing how intersectional leadership: (a) is explicitly anti-racist; (b) is explicitly anti-sexist; (c) explicitly acknowledges the multiplicative influences of marginalization centering race and gender, and across planes of identity; and (d) explicitly leverages authority to serve and protect historically underserved communities.

scholarly journals Discursive Strategies and Sequenced Institutional Change: The Case of Marriage Equality in the United States

2021 ◽  
pp. 003232172110205
Author(s):  
Giulia Mariani ◽  
Tània Verge
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Institutional Change ◽  
The United States ◽  
Marriage Equality ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Discursive Strategies ◽  
Policy Debates ◽  
The Status ◽  
Private Actors

Building on historical and discursive institutionalism, this article examines the agent-based dynamics of gradual institutional change. Specifically, using marriage equality in the United States as a case study, we examine how actors’ ideational work enabled them to make use of the political and discursive opportunities afforded by multiple venues to legitimize the process of institutional change to take off sequentially through layering, displacement, and conversion. We also pay special attention to how the discursive strategies deployed by LGBT advocates, religious-conservative organizations and other private actors created new opportunities to influence policy debates and tip the scales to their preferred policy outcome. The sequential perspective adopted in this study allows problematizing traditional conceptualizations of which actors support or contest the status quo, as enduring oppositional dynamics lead them to perform both roles in subsequent phases of the institutional change process.

scholarly journals A Faith to Move Mountains? Childhood Abuse, Religious Change, and Mental Health at Midlife

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 461-461
Author(s):  
Laura Upenieks
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Religious Attendance ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Religious Importance ◽  
The Life Course

Abstract Of all the various forms of adversity experienced during childhood, childhood maltreatment (emotional and physical abuse) is shown to have the largest impacts on mental health and well-being. Yet we still have a limited understanding of why some victims of early maltreatment suffer immense mental health consequences later on in the life course, while others are able to cushion the blow of these early insults. Using two waves of data from the National Survey of Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS), this study considers change in religiosity as a buffer across three dimensions for victims of childhood abuse: religious importance, attendance, and the specific act of seeking comfort through religion. Results suggest that increases in religious comfort during adulthood are positively associated with adult mental health for victims of abuse, while decreases in religious comfort over time were associated with worse mental health. Changes in religious attendance and religious importance were not significant associated with mental health for victims of abuse. Taken together, my results show that the stress-moderating effects of religion for victims of childhood maltreatment are contingent on the stability or increases or decreases in religiosity over the life course, which has been overlooked in previous work.

The Service Sector in the United States, 1839 to 1899

1967 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 625-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Weiss
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The United States ◽  
Professional Services ◽  
Service Industries ◽  
Public Utilities ◽  
Personal Services ◽  
Government Education ◽  
Quantitative Development

The dissertation is a study of the service industries in the United States during the period 1839 through 1899. The primary purpose of the study is to provide three series relating to the quantitative development of the sector. These series—value-added, gainful workers, and capital stock—provide benchmark estimates at decade intervals centered on census years. Series are presented for the aggregate sector; the major components, final and intermediate services; and eight industries. These eight industries, defined as the service sector, are trade, transportation and public utilities, finance and insurance, professional services, personal services, government, education, and the independent hand trades.

Dimensions of Public Sector Pay Policies in the United States and Sweden

1988 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 61-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lois Recascino Wise
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Central Government ◽  
The United States ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Social Orientation ◽  
Social Equality ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Dimension

Three dimensions for analyzing public sector pay administration are used to examine central government pay administration in Sweden and the United States of America. On the first dimension, market posture, both countries are found to fall short of their espoused policy, comparability. Greater consistency is found on the second dimension, social orientation, where both countries have pursued the goal of social equality. The equilization of salary levels across society is far greater in Sweden in keeping with the socialist objectives of wage solidarity. The third dimension, reward structure, shows the greatest distance between the two countries with the struggle to implement performance-contingent pay underway in the U.S. while Swedes continue to rely on longevity for pay increases.

U.S. ELASTICITIES OF SUBSTITUTION AND FACTOR AUGMENTATION AT THE INDUSTRY LEVEL

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 861-897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew T. Young
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The United States ◽  
Large Majority ◽  
Elasticity Of Substitution ◽  
Constant Elasticity ◽  
Constant Elasticity Of Substitution ◽  
First Order ◽  
Industry Level

We provide industry-level estimates of the elasticity of substitution (σ) between capital and labor in the United States. We also estimate rates of factor augmentation. Aggregate estimates are produced. Our empirical model comes from the first-order conditions associated with a constant–elasticity of substitution production function. Our data represent 35 industries at roughly the 2-digit SIC level, 1960–2005. We find that aggregate U.S. σ is likely less than 0.620. σ is likely less than unity for a large majority of individual industries. Evidence also suggests that aggregate σ is less than the value-added share-weighted average of industry σ's. Aggregate technical change appears to be net labor–augmenting. This also appears to be true for the large majority of individual industries, but several industries may be characterized by net capital augmentation. When industry-level elasticity estimates are mapped to model sectors, the manufacturing sector σ is lower than that of services; the investment sector σ is lower than that of consumption.

CFD Modeling of Pressure Coefficients for a Natural Ventilation Study in an Experimental Low Rise Building

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robel Kiflemariam ◽  
Cheng-Xian Lin
Keyword(s):  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Pressure Coefficient ◽  
Wind Pressure ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Cfd Modeling ◽  
Engineering Practice ◽  
Pressure Coefficients ◽  
Wind Pressure Coefficient ◽  
Detailed Assessment ◽  
Ventilation Rates

Mean wind pressure coefficient (Cp) is one of the major input data for natural ventilation study using building energy simulation approach. Due to their importance, they need to be accurately determined. In current engineering practice, tables and analytical Cp models only give mostly averaged results for simpler models and configurations. Considering the limitation of tables and analytical models, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) could provide a means for an accurate and detailed assessment of Cp. In this paper, we make use of a relatively high resolution, detailed experiments done at Florida Intentional University to validate a CFD modeling of the pressure coefficients Cp. The results show that existing CFD model has a good agreement with experimental results and gives important information of distribution of Cp values over the surface. The local values of the Cp are investigated. In addition, the CFD derived Cp and discharge coefficient (Cd) values are utilized in semi-analytical ventilation models in order to get a more accurate value of ventilation rates.

scholarly journals DEVELOPING AGENT BASED HEURISTIC OPTIMISATION SYSTEM FOR COMPLEX FLOW SHOPS WITH CUSTOMER-IMPOSED PRODUCTION DISRUPTIONS

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tunde Victor Adediran ◽  
Ammar Al-Bazi
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Heuristic Optimization ◽  
Delivery Time ◽  
Complex Flow ◽  
Flow Shops ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Equipment Manufacturer ◽  
Automotive Parts ◽  
Adaptive Framework

The study of complex manufacturing flow-shops has seen a number of approaches and frameworks proposed to tackle various production-associated problems. However, unpredictable disruptions, such as change in sequence of order, order cancellation and change in production delivery due time, imposed by customers on flow-shops that impact production processes and inventory control call for a more adaptive approach capable of responding to these changes. In this research work, a new adaptive framework and agent-based heuristic optimization system was developed to investigate the disruption consequences and recovery strategy. A case study using an Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) production process of automotive parts and components was adopted to justify the proposed system. The results of the experiment revealed significant improvement in terms of total number of late orders, order delivery time, number of setups and resources utilization, which provide useful information for manufacturer’s decision-making policies.  

scholarly journals Research on China’s embodied carbon import and export trade from the perspective of value-added trade

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0258902
Author(s):  
Guangyao Deng ◽  
Fengying Lu ◽  
Xiaofang Yue
Keyword(s):  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The United States ◽  
Export Trade ◽  
Structural Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Structural Decomposition ◽  
Embodied Carbon ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Import And Export

The development of globalization has separated the production and consumption of products spatially, and the international trade of products has become a carrier of embodied carbon trade. This paper adopted the perspective of value-added trade to calculate the amount of embodied carbon trade of China from 2006 to 2015 and perform a structural decomposition analysis of the changes in China’s embodied carbon trade. This study found that: (1) China’s embodied carbon exports are much larger than its embodied carbon imports, and there are differences between countries. China imported the largest amount of embodied carbon from South Korea, and it exported the largest amount of embodied carbon to the United States. (2) The structural decomposition analysis shows that changes in the value-added carbon emission coefficient during the study period would have caused China’s embodied carbon trade to decrease, and changes in value-added trade would have caused China’s embodied carbon trade to increase. Therefore, countries trading with China need to strengthen their cooperation with China in energy conservation, emission reduction, and product trade. In order to accurately reflect China’s embodied carbon trade, it is necessary to calculate embodied carbon trade from the perspective of value-added trade.

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