Comparison and optimization of the performance of natural-based non-conventional coagulants in a water treatment plant

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atefeh Kaji ◽  
Masoud Taheriyoun ◽  
Amir Taebi ◽  
Mohammad Nazari-Sharabian
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Tannic Acid ◽  
Ferric Chloride ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Calcium Lactate ◽  
Drinking Water Standard ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Natural Coagulants ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This study aims to assess the efficiency of two natural-based coagulants, namely calcium lactate and tannic acid, and compare them with conventional coagulants, including polyaluminium chloride (PACl) and ferric chloride. Jar test experiments were performed on the raw inlet water of the Isfahan water treatment plant (IWTP) in Iran. Response surface methodology was implemented to design and optimize the experiments. The factors considered in the design were coagulant dose, pH, initial turbidity, and temperature. Results showed the acceptable efficiency of natural coagulants in turbidity reduction, so that they meet the potable standard levels. The final water turbidity in the optimum condition for calcium lactate, tannic acid, PACl, and ferric chloride were 0.58, 0.63, 0.56, and 0.76 NTU, respectively. The comparison between the performances of the coagulants showed no significant difference in turbidity removal. However, the sludge volume produced as well as the impact on pH alteration after coagulation–flocculation were lower when using natural coagulants than with conventional coagulants. Also, the residual aluminum for PACl measured was higher than the desired limit according to Iran's drinking water standard. Finally, the simple additive weighting method was used to rank the four coagulants based on the selected criteria. The results showed that the natural coagulants could be preferable to the conventional coagulants if the concerns regarding disinfection by-product formation due to their residual organics were resolved. Since this issue was fixed in the IWTP due to the ozonation process, calcium lactate was proposed as an efficient alternative to PACl.

Practical Guide to Determine the Impact of Radon and Other Radionuclides on Water Treatment Processes

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 1255-1264
Author(s):  
K. L. Martins
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Packed Tower ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Radioactivity Exposure ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Percent Removal

During treatment of groundwater, radon is often coincidentally removed by processes typically used to remove volatile organic compounds (VOCs)-for example, processes such as liquid-phase granular activated carbon (LGAC) adsorption and air stripping with vapor-phase carbon (VGAC). The removal of radon from drinking water is a positive benefit for the water user; however, the accumulation of radon on activated carbon may cause radiologic hazards for the water treatment plant operators and the spent carbon may be considered a low-level radioactive waste. To date, most literature on radon removal by water treatment processes was based on bench- or residential-scale systems. This paper addresses the impact of radon on municipal and industrial-scale applications. Available data have been used todevelop graphical methods of estimating the radioactivity exposure rates to facility operators and determine the fate of spent carbon. This paper will allow the reader to determine the potential for impact of radon on the system design and operation as follows.Estimate the percent removal of radon from water by LGAC adsorbers and packed tower air strippers. Also, a method to estimate the percent removal of radon by VGAC used for air stripper off-gas will be provided.Estimate if your local radon levels are such that the safety guidelines, suggested by USEPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency), of 25 mR/yr (0.1 mR/day) for radioactivity exposure may or may not be exceeded.Estimate the disposal requirements of the waste carbon for LGAC systems and VGAC for air stripper “Off-Gas” systems. Options for dealing with high radon levels are presented.

Assessing the impact of a landfill leachate on a Canadian waste water treatment plant

1996 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 1179-1186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen D. J. Booth ◽  
Daniel Urfer ◽  
Gerard Pereira ◽  
Karl J. Caber
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Waste Water Treatment Plant ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Effectiveness of vertical subsurface wetlands for iron and manganese removal from wastewater in drinking water treatment plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-163
Author(s):  
Jader Martínez Girón ◽  
Jenny Vanessa Marín-Rivera ◽  
Mauricio Quintero-Angel
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
Significant Difference

Population growth and urbanization pose a greater pressure for the treatment of drinking water. Additionally, different treatment units, such as decanters and filters, accumulate high concentrations of iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn), which in many cases can be discharged into the environment without any treatment when maintenance is performed. Therefore, this paper evaluates the effectiveness of vertical subsurface wetlands for Fe and Mn removal from wastewater in drinking water treatment plants, taking a pilot scale wetland with an ascending gravel bed with two types of plants: C. esculenta and P. australis in El Hormiguero (Cali, Colombia), as an example. The pilot system had three upstream vertical wetlands, two of them planted and the third one without a plant used as a control. The wetlands were arranged in parallel and each formed by three gravel beds of different diameter. The results showed no significant difference for the percentage of removal in the three wetlands for turbidity (98 %), Fe (90 %), dissolved Fe (97 %) and Mn (98 %). The dissolved oxygen presented a significant difference between the planted wetlands and the control. C. esculenta had the highest concentration of Fe in the root with (103.5 ± 20.8) µg/g ; while P. australis had the highest average of Fe concentrations in leaves and stem with (45.7 ± 24) µg/g and (41.4 ± 9.1) µg/g, respectively. It is concluded that subsurface wetlands can be an interesting alternative for wastewater treatment in the maintenance of drinking water treatment plants. However, more research is needed for the use of vegetation or some technologies for the removal or reduction of the pollutant load in wetlands, since each drinking water treatment plant will require a treatment system for wastewater, which in turn requires a wastewater treatment system as well.

The impact of algogenic organic matter on water treatment plant operation and water quality: A review

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Pivokonsky ◽  
J. Naceradska ◽  
I. Kopecka ◽  
M. Baresova ◽  
B. Jefferson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Plant Operation ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals A triple bottom line approach to optimising odour removal from a residential water supply

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tara Callingham ◽  
Daniel Ooi ◽  
Linhua Fan ◽  
Felicity Roddick
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Community Involvement ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Triple Bottom Line ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Operational Costs ◽  
Coagulation Process ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Feedwater to Euroa Water Treatment Plant contains increasingly high levels of natural organic matter (NOM) which were determined to cause its strong earthy odour. A multidisciplinary approach was used to evaluate the coagulation process to better remove the taste and odour (T&O) causing organics from water supplied to the local towns. Such high levels of NOM require elevated doses of coagulant for removal, accounting for approximately 60% of the chemical costs. A need arose to reduce these operational costs. However, community expectations regarding T&O, and social and environmental impacts, are not typically considered in this process. The local water corporation, Goulburn Valley Water, undertook a case study involving a comparison of three coagulants to optimise the chemical coagulation process from a multidisciplinary (triple bottom line, TBL) perspective. The financial assessment incorporated operational costs and potential infrastructure requirements. The social assessment investigated the overall impacts on staff operating the water treatment plant and their broader community involvement. The environmental assessment focused on the impact on downstream infrastructure from changes in sludge volumes and wastewater quality, and third-party greenhouse gas emissions from chemical deliveries. From a TBL viewpoint, aluminium chlorohydrate was the most beneficial option.

scholarly journals Optimisation of degreemont water treatment package on Kedung Halang water treatment plant, Bogor, West Java

2021 ◽  
Vol 894 (1) ◽  
pp. 012018
Author(s):  
H Gabrielle ◽  
R A Kusumadewi ◽  
Ratnaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Maximum Flow ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Evaluation Result ◽  
Optimum Flow Rate ◽  
Drinking Water Standard

Abstract To provide drinking water in Bogor Regency, PDAM Tirta Kahuripan has several Water Treatment Plants (WTP) Kedung Halang WTP. Kedung Halang WTP consists of two water treatment packages, Indisi and Degreemont, with an average production of 37.3 L/s and 83.9 L/s, respectively. The purposes of this research are to evaluate the performance of the operating unit and process on the Degreemont Package and to provide optimisation recommendations based on the evaluation result. Steps in this research include evaluating the existing condition, providing recommendations, and analysing the quality of water produced. The evaluation found that one of the parameters did not fulfil the design criteria: the G.Td value on coagulation. The evaluation result of maximum flow rate is 125 L/s on intake, 150 L/s on coagulation, 130 L/s on flocculation and sedimentation, and 200 L/s on filtration. Thus, the optimum flow rate that can be operated is 125 L/s. The turbidity of the water produced has met the drinking water standard according to Minister of Health Regulation No. 492 of 2010, with removal efficiency above 95%. According to the result, it can be said that Degreemont Package is qualified to be applied as a drinking water treatment.

scholarly journals Calculated dependence of determination of actual dose of microsand and influence of its value on efficiency of coagulation process in Actiflo clarifier

Vestnik IGEU ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
E.A. Karpychev
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Wastewater Sludge ◽  
Coagulation Process ◽  
Water Cleaning ◽  
Operational Test ◽  
The Impact

Operational test of the preliminary water cleaning systems is the first and most critical stage when putting into pilot operation a water treatment plant at a thermal power plant (TPP). We have sufficient experience of equipment setting up and operating when most traditional devices of preliminary water purification are used. Also, the main stages and features of the work carried out are known, and a sufficient amount of methodological literature has been published, compared to employment of modern and promising devices. These devices include Actiflo clarifiers. The main feature of the Actiflo technology is introduction of microsand into the stream of treated water. It forms the so-called “centers” of coagulation and is used to make wastewater sludge heavier. The development of a methodology to assess the impact of the actual dose of microsand on the water clarification process will contribute to the solution of the priority task of adapting the promising Actiflo technology for water treatment systems of TPPs. In laboratory studies, the method of pilot coagulation has been used. It allows us to assess the efficiency of coagulation process using generally accepted methods of quantitative analysis of indicators of natural water quality. In subsequent industrial tests, along with the quantitative analysis of water, the actual value of the microsand dose has been assessed using measurements of the proportions of separate fractions in the formed sand-sludge pulp. The results of laboratory and industrial studies of “cold” coagulation process of the Kama River water using Actiflo clarifiers have been obtained. The dependence of efficiency effect of water clarification on the dose of coagulant and the dose of microsand has been determined. To check and maintain the operating mode of the clarifier, a method to assess the actual values of the microsand dose has been developed and proposed. The research results are applicable for low-turbidity colored surface water sources. The results of operating tests of Actiflo clarifiers can be used as practical examples for coagulating water in devices similar in design, for example, VTI-M clarifiers. The proposed method to assess the actual dose of microsand can be used as a technological parameter during the development of the parameter tables when Actiflo clarifiers are used.

Distribution of aluminium from alum sludge in water and sediment

1995 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 159 ◽  
Author(s):  
MP Abdullah ◽  
I Baba ◽  
S Sarmani ◽  
Erdawati
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Aluminium Concentration ◽  
Aluminium Sulfate ◽  
Water Plant ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Alum Sludge ◽  
Aluminium Species

Aluminium sulfate is generally used as a primary coagulant in most municipal water treatment plants. The sludge produced is often discharged back into the river. Depending on the physicochemical properties of the river water, aluminium from the sludge will become soluble and form various species that may be toxic to aquatic life. This study is an attempt to look at the effect of alum sludge dumping on the distribution of various aluminium species in the Linggi River of Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia, which is used as source of raw water for the Linggi Water Treatment Plant. The result showed that the total aluminium concentrations in the five sampling stations located upstream and downstream of the dumping point along the river were 0.48-1.14 mg L-1, of which labile aluminium was 0.37-0.56 mg L-1 and non-labile aluminium was 0.12-0.58 mg L-1. Statistical analysis indicated that there was no significant difference in aluminium concentration in the water along the river. However, total aluminium concentration in the sediments increased significantly downstream from the water plant, indicating that aluminium from the sludge dumping may accumulate in the sediment.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document