Modeling and analysis of chlorine dioxide, chlorite, and chlorate propagation in a drinking water distribution system

2016 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 597-611
Author(s):  
Sabrina Sorlini ◽  
Michela Biasibetti ◽  
Francesca Gialdini ◽  
Alessandro Muraca
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution System ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution

Persistence and decontamination of surrogate radioisotopes in a model drinking water distribution system

2009 ◽  
Vol 43 (20) ◽  
pp. 5005-5014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey G. Szabo ◽  
Christopher A. Impellitteri ◽  
Shekar Govindaswamy ◽  
John S. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution System ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution

VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF A DRINKING WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 (1) ◽  
pp. 449-467
Author(s):  
Stacia L. Thompson ◽  
Elizabeth Casman ◽  
Paul Fischbeck ◽  
Mitchell J. Small ◽  
Jeanne M. VanBriesen
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Vulnerability Assessment ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution System ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution

scholarly journals The Seasonality of Nitrite Concentrations in a Chloraminated Drinking Water Distribution System

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pirjo-Liisa Rantanen ◽  
Ilkka Mellin ◽  
Minna Keinänen-Toivola ◽  
Merja Ahonen ◽  
Riku Vahala
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution System ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Water Age ◽  
Sampling Campaign ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution

We studied the seasonal variation of nitrite exposure in a drinking water distribution system (DWDS) with monochloramine disinfection in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area. In Finland, tap water is the main source of drinking water, and thus the nitrite in tap water increases nitrite exposure. Our data included both the obligatory monitoring and a sampling campaign data from a sampling campaign. Seasonality was evaluated by comparing a nitrite time series to temperature and by calculating the seasonal indices of the nitrite time series. The main drivers of nitrite seasonality were the temperature and the water age. We observed that with low water ages (median: 6.7 h) the highest nitrite exposure occurred during the summer months, and with higher water ages (median: 31 h) during the winter months. With the highest water age (190 h), nitrite concentrations were the lowest. At a low temperature, the high nitrite concentrations in the winter were caused by the decelerated ammonium oxidation. The dominant reaction at low water ages was ammonium oxidation into nitrite and, at high water ages, it was nitrite oxidation into nitrate. These results help to direct monitoring appropriately to gain exact knowledge of nitrite exposure. Also, possible future process changes and additional disinfection measures can be designed appropriately to minimize extra nitrite exposure.

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