scholarly journals Merged two-level optimization for optimal pump operation of large scale urban water distribution system

2015 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 915-926
Author(s):  
Xi Jin ◽  
Wenyan Wu
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Pump Operation

scholarly journals A Wireless Sensor Network Model for E-Metering and Fault Identification in Smart Water Distribution Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10S) ◽  
pp. 227-232
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Network ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Sensor Network ◽  
Network Model ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Smart Water

Water distribution system is a network that supplies water to all the consumers through different means. Proper means of providing water to houses without compromising in quantity and quality is always a challenge. As it is a huge network keeping track of the utilization is difficult for the utility. Hence through this project we come up with a solution to solve this issue. Current technologies like Low Power Wide Area Networks, LoRa and sensor deployment techniques have been in research and were also tested in few rural areas but issues due to hardware deployment and large scale real time implementation was a challenge hence through this system we aim to create and simulate a real time scenario to test a sensor network model that could be implemented in large scale further. This project aims in building a wireless sensor network model for a smart water distribution system. In this system there is bidirectional communication between the consumer and the utility. Each house has a meter through which the amount of water consumed is sent to the utility board. The data has two fields containing the house ID and the data (water consumed); it is being sent to the data collection unit (DCU) which in-turn sends it to the central server so that the consumption is monitored in real time. All this is simulated using NETSIM and MATLAB.

scholarly journals Mercury Speciation in the Water Distribution System of Skiathos Island, Greece

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
pp. 668
Author(s):  
Alexandra Spyropoulou ◽  
Yannis G. Lazarou ◽  
Chrysi Laspidou
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Groundwater Salinization ◽  
The World ◽  
Standard Set

In recent years, mercury (Hg) concentration that exceeds the Maximum Contaminant Level Standard set by the World Health Organisation for drinking water has been detected in the groundwater of Skiathos Island in Greece. The island single source of urban water is groundwater; as a result, tap water has been characterised as unsafe for drinking and people rely on bottled water for their everyday needs. The origin and speciation of Hg in the aquifer is investigated with the use of the Pourbaix diagram, while the possible correlation with groundwater salinization due to seawater intrusion is examined.

Planning and Operation of Large-Scale Water Distribution System with Hedging Rules

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario T. L. Barros ◽  
Renato C. Zambon ◽  
David M. Delgado ◽  
Paulo S. F. Barbosa ◽  
William W.-G. Yeh
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Hedging Rules ◽  
Planning And Operation

scholarly journals The Roman aqueduct of Brigetio

2019 ◽  
pp. 419-440
Author(s):  
Anita Benes
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
National Museum ◽  
Water Pipes ◽  
Archaeological Material ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
Available Information

The aim of the present study is to examine the literary sources and the archaeological material regarding the aqueduct of Brigetio. Based on the available information the paper examines the problem of the localization of the source which supplied the aqueduct. The catalogue includes the descriptions of the lead and terracotta water pipes from Brigetio now in the Roman collection of the Hungarian National Museum. The results are presented with regards to the construction of the urban water distribution system.

scholarly journals E-Metering and Fault Detection in Smart Water Distribution Systems using Wireless Network

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 634-639
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Sensor Network ◽  
Network Model ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Smart Water

Water distribution system is a network that supplies water to all the consumers through different means. Proper means of providing water to houses without compromising in quantity and quality is always a challenge. As it is a huge network keeping track of the utilization is difficult for the utility. Hence through this project we come up with a solution to solve this issue. Current technologies like Low Power Wide Area Networks, LoRa and sensor deployment techniques have been in research and were also tested in few rural areas but issues due to hardware deployment and large scale real time implementation was a challenge hence through this system we aim to create and simulate a real time scenario to test a sensor network model that could be implemented in large scale further. This project aims in building a wireless sensor network model for a smart water distribution system. In this system there is bidirectional communication between the consumer and the utility. Each house has a meter through which the amount of water consumed is sent to the utility board. The data has two fields containing the house ID and the data (water consumed); it is being sent to the data collection unit (DCU) which in-turn sends it to the central server so that the consumption is monitored in real time. All this is simulated using NETSIM and MATLAB

A comparison of methods and models for the analysis of water distribution pipe biofilms

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 73-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.V. Storey ◽  
N.J. Ashbolt
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Indicator Organisms ◽  
Protein Determination ◽  
Biofilm Growth ◽  
South Wales

The suitability of three experimental devices: biofilm reactors™ (BR), biofilm exosamplers™ (BE), and modified robbins devices (MRD), for the analysis of water distribution pipe biofilms was examined in situ within an urban water distribution system (Rouse Hill Development Area, New South Wales). Stainless steel (ss) and unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (uPVC) coupons were conditioned with biofilm in each device for a period of 70 days. Biofilm removal techniques (sonication and stomaching) were evaluated and optimized for this study. A multiparametric quantification of biofilm biomass using total protein (NanoOrange™ protein determination) and carbohydrate (phenol-sulfuric assay) content, total number of bacterial cells (BacLight™ Live/Dead® Bacterial Viability Kit) and total number of heterotrophic bacteria (R2A plate counts) is proposed. The presence of biofilm-associated faecal indicator organisms (Enterococci, E. coli, somatic, F-RNA and B40-8 bacteriophages) was assayed for each biofilm homogenate. Variability both within and between biofilm devices was observed. Notwithstanding the shortcomings of the inherent heterogeneity observed with biofilm quantification, the relatively inexpensive biofilm devices were shown to yield reliable and comparable information on biofilm growth within an urban water distribution system. Furthermore, the multiparametric measurement of biofilm biomass was shown to provide a reliable and holistic quantification of distribution pipe biofilms.

scholarly journals Nodal Matrix Analysis for Optimal Pressure-Reducing Valve Localization in a Water Distribution System

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aditya Gupta ◽  
Neeraj Bokde ◽  
Kishore Kulat ◽  
Zaher Mundher Yaseen
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Matrix Analysis ◽  
Management Technique ◽  
Pressure Management ◽  
Water Network ◽  
Reference Pressure ◽  
Pressure Reducing Valve

The use of pressure-reducing valves is an efficient pressure management technique for leakage reduction in a water distribution system. It is recommended to place an optimized number and location of pressure-reducing valves in the water distribution system for better sustainability and management. A modified reference pressure algorithm is adopted from the literature for identifying the optimized localization of valves using a simplified algorithm. The modified reference pressure algorithm fails to identify the optimal valve localization in a large-scale water pipeline network. Nodal matrix analysis is proposed for further improvement of the modified reference pressure algorithm. The proposed algorithm provides the preferred pipeline for valve location among all the pressure-reducing valve candidate locations obtained from the modified reference algorithm in complex pipeline networks. The proposed algorithm is utilized for pressure management in a real water network located in Piracicaba, Brazil, called Campos do Conde II. It identifies four pipeline locations as optimal valve candidate locations, compared to 22 locations obtained from the modified reference pressure algorithm. Thus, the presented technique led to a better optimal localization of valves, which contributes to better network optimization, sustainability, and management. The results of the current study evidenced that the adoption of the proposed algorithm leads to an overall reduction in water leakages by 20.08% in the water network.

Biofilms in an urban water distribution system: measurement of biofilm biomass, pathogens and pathogen persistence within the Greater Stockholm area, Sweden

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 181-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Långmark ◽  
M.V. Storey ◽  
N.J. Ashbolt ◽  
T.A. Stenström
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Uv Treatment ◽  
Aesthetic Quality ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

Distribution pipe biofilms can provide sites for the concentration of a wide range of microbial pathogens, thereby acting as a potential source of continual microbial exposure and furthermore can affect the aesthetic quality of water. In a joint project between Stockholm Water, the MISTRA “Sustainable Urban Water” program, the Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control and the Royal Technical University, Stockholm, the aim of the current study was to investigate biofilms formed in an urban water distribution system, and quantify the impact of such biofilms on potential pathogen accumulation and persistence within the Greater Stockholm Area, Sweden. When used for primary disinfection, ultra-violet (UV) treatment had no measurable influence on biofilm formation within the distribution system when compared to conventional chlorination. Biofilms produced within a model pilot-plant were found to be representative to those that had formed within the larger municipal water distribution system, demonstrating the applicability of the novel pilot-plant for future studies. Polystyrene microspheres (1.0μm) and Salmonella bacteriophages demonstrated their ability to accumulate and persist within the model pilot-plant system, where the means of primary disinfection (UV-treatment, chlorination) had no influence on such phenomena. With the exception of aeromonads, potential pathogens and faecal indicators could not be detected within biofilms from the Stockholm water distribution system. Results from this investigation may provide information for water treatment and distribution management strategies, and fill key data gaps that presently hinder the refinement of microbial risk models.

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