Gravity flow water distribution system design

2000 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 169-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prabhata K. Swamee ◽  
Ashok K. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
System Design ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Gravity Flow

scholarly journals The Impacts of Spatially Variable Demand Patterns on Water Distribution System Design and Operation

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kegong Diao ◽  
Robert Sitzenfrei ◽  
Wolfgang Rauch
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
System Design ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Service Failure ◽  
Design Flow ◽  
Level Of Service ◽  
Demand Patterns

Resilient water distribution systems (WDSs) need to minimize the level of service failure in terms of magnitude and duration over its design life when subject to exceptional conditions. This requires WDS design to consider scenarios as close as possible to real conditions of the WDS to avoid any unexpected level of service failure in future operation (e.g., insufficient pressure, much higher operational cost, water quality issues, etc.). Thus, this research aims at exploring the impacts of design flow scenarios (i.e., spatial-variant demand patterns) on water distribution system design and operation. WDSs are traditionally designed by using a uniform demand pattern for the whole system. Nevertheless, in reality, the patterns are highly related to the number of consumers, service areas, and the duration of peak flows. Thus, water distribution systems are comprised of distribution blocks (communities) organized in a hierarchical structure. As each community may be significantly different from the others in scale and water use, the WDSs have spatially variable demand patterns. Hence, there might be considerable variability of real flow patterns for different parts of the system. Consequently, the system operation might not reach the expected performance determined during the design stage, since all corresponding facilities are commonly tailor-made to serve the design flow scenario instead of the real situation. To quantify the impacts, WDSs’ performances under both uniform and spatial distributed patterns are compared based on case studies. The corresponding impacts on system performances are then quantified based on three major metrics; i.e., capital cost, energy cost, and water quality. This study exemplifies that designing a WDS using spatial distributed demand patterns might result in decreased life-cycle cost (i.e., lower capital cost and nearly the same pump operating cost) and longer water ages. The outcomes of this study provide valuable information regarding design and operation of water supply infrastructures; e.g., assisting the optimal design.

scholarly journals Modeling and Optimization of Potable Water Network

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berge Djebedjian ◽  
Ahmed Herrick ◽  
Magdy Abou Rayan
Keyword(s):  
System Design ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Optimization Technique ◽  
Unconstrained Minimization ◽  
Pipe Diameter ◽  
Water Network ◽  
Minimization Technique

A potable water network hydraulic analysis is presented in this paper. A mathematical model was developed, the model treats looped network. A computer program is developed in order to facilitate water distribution system design, which satisfies all constraints including pipe diameter and nodal pressure. An optimization technique is developed in order to evaluate the optimum network configuration and cost, the parameters are pipe diameter, flow rate, corresponding pressure and hydraulic losses. A non-linear technique was adopted in the solution. The model uses the sequential unconstrained minimization technique (SUMT) of Fiacco and McCormick (1964) to solve the optimal design of network. The adopted optimization technique decreases the required number of design iterations which for example may reach 1.48 billion iterations for a network with 8 pipes and a set of 14 available commercial pipes. The initially assumed pipe diameters are successively adjusted to suit the existing standard commercial pipe diameters. The technique was applied on a simple case study of gravity-fed network. The objective of the present investigation is to present a practical tool to help in the optimization of water distribution system, design and operation.

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