scholarly journals The lollipop with lemon aroma may be promising in nausea and vomiting in pregnancy

2019 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Ismail Biyik ◽  
Fatih Keskin
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Nausea And Vomiting ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Time Of Presentation ◽  
Control Study ◽  
In Pregnancy

<p><strong>OBJECTIVE:</strong> To determine the effect of lemon-flavored lollipop on nausea and vomiting of pregnancy.</p><p><strong>STUDY DESIGN:</strong> This prospective case-control study included 67 first trimester pregnant women. The 12-hour Pregnancy-Unique Quantification of Emesis and Nausea score was calculated at the time of presentation to the hospital. The study group (32 cases) was given lemon-flavored lollipops while the control group (35 cases) did not receive lollipops. The Pregnancy-Unique Quantification of Emesis and Nausea scores of the patients were recalculated on the morning of the post-treatment day. </p><p><strong>RESULTS:</strong> The Pregnancy-Unique Quantification of Emesis and Nausea scores of the study group were higher (p=0.013) than in the control group on the day of admission. Pregnancy-Unique Quantification of Emesis and Nausea scores were similar between the groups on the day after hospital admission (p &gt; 0.005). The Pregnancy-Unique Quantification of Emesis and Nausea difference values obtained by extracting the Pregnancy-Unique Quantification of Emesis and Nausea score on the day after hospital admission from the presentation Pregnancy-Unique Quantification of Emesis and Nausea score were higher in the study group (p=0.0046). Lemon-flavored lollipops were found to decrease nausea and vomiting of pregnancy. </p><p><strong>CONCLUSION:</strong> Lemon-flavored lollipops can be given especially to pregnant women who are concerned about the possible teratogenic effects of drug use in pregnancy. Lemon-flavored lollipops are cheap and easily accessible and therefore promising as a non-pharmacological complementary treatment for nausea and vomiting of pregnancy.</p>

Prospective Case–control Study to Predict the Obstetrical (Maternal and Fetal) Outcome after First Trimester Bleeding

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-259
Author(s):  
Subhash Chandra ◽  
Sushma Gaur ◽  
Santosh Khajotia ◽  
Swati Falodia
Keyword(s):  
Perinatal Outcome ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Fetal Outcome ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Prospective Case Control Study

ABSTRACT Aims To study the obstetrical complications in women with first trimester bleeding, to evaluate the perinatal outcome in women with first trimester bleeding, to prognosticate the obstetrical and perinatal outcome based on severity of first trimester bleeding, and to compare it with the obstetrical and perinatal outcome in women having normal pregnancy. Materials and methods This study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, PBM and associated group of hospitals attached to Sardar Patel Medical College, Bikaner, India, during the study period of 1 year, i.e., January 2014 to December 2014. Results The percentage of stillbirth in study group was 4.9% and in control group it was only 1%. The percentage of early neonatal death in study group was 3.7% and in control group was 2.1%. The difference was found statistically highly significant (p < 0.001). According to antenatal complications, all the parameters were statistically insignificant (p > 0.05) except pregnancy-induced hypertension preterm labor and antepartum hemorrhage where the difference was found statistically significant (p < 0.05), and abortion where the difference was found statistically highly significant (p < 0.001). Conclusion In conclusion, considering the results of our study, first trimester vaginal bleeding can be a predicting factor for adverse outcome of mother and infant. It is necessary to increase the knowledge of pregnant women in this regard for close observation. Also, the study is appropriate because the clinical intervention of attentive obstetrician has important role in not only the continuation of pregnancy but also decreasing fetal complications in these high-risk pregnancies. How to cite this article Gaur S, Khajotia S, Chandra S, Falodia S. Prospective Case–control Study to Predict the Obstetrical (Maternal and Fetal) Outcome after First Trimester Bleeding. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2017;9(3):255-259.

Pregnancy outcomes in adolescents: a case-control study in the West of Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salman Khazaei ◽  
Saeid Bashirian ◽  
Akram Bathaei ◽  
Mohadese Sadri ◽  
Fateme Shirani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Adolescent Pregnancy ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
The West ◽  
Adolescent Women ◽  
Control Study

Background: Adolescent pregnancy, pregnancy in women aged between 13-19 years, is considered a major health problem. Objective: This study was performed to determine the maternal, perinatal, and neonatal outcomes of adolescent pregnancies. Materials and Methods: The present hospital-based case-control study was performed on pregnant women who were referred to Fatemieh Hospital in Hamadan City for delivery. The case group was pregnant women whose gestational age was less than 19 years (adolescent pregnancy) and the control group included pregnant women whose gestational age was at 19-35 years (adult women pregnancy). Data were analyzed using Stata software version 14. The significant level was considered less than 0.05. Results: The unwanted pregnancy was significantly higher in adolescent women (45% vs. 28.5%, P=0.002). 18% of adolescent women had the experience of spouse violence compared to 4.25% in the control group (P<0.001). Accessing prenatal care and supplements were significantly higher in adult women (P<0.05). The adult mothers had significantly higher cesarean section delivery compared adolescent group (54.91% vs. 33%, P<0.001). Also, there was a significant association between postpartum hemorrhages and the study group (22% in cases compared to 13.75% in the control group, P=0.04). The Apgar score 1 minute was significantly higher in adult mothers (8.05±2.08 vs. 7.39±2.05, P<0.001). Conclusion: In conclusion, adolescent mothers in the west of Iran had a higher risk of inadequate prenatal care, low Apgar score and postpartum hemorrhage. Therefore, society should focus on public health policies that can improve the adequacy of prenatal care among adolescents.

scholarly journals Association between CTSS gene polymorphism and the risk of acute atherosclerotic cerebral infarction in Chinese population: a case–control study

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lian Luo ◽  
Mingli Zhu ◽  
Jiajun Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Infarction ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Cathepsin S ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Independent Risk Factors ◽  
Control Study

Objective: To investigate the association between the gene polymorphisms of rs774320676, rs768437857, rs928508030, and rs2275235 loci of Cathepsin S (CTSS) and risk of acute atherosclerotic cerebral infarction. Methods: A total of 315 patients with acute atherosclerotic cerebral infarction (study group) and 220 healthy subjects (control group) were enrolled in the present study. The genetic polymorphism of rs774320676, rs768437857, rs928508030, and rs2275235 loci of CTSS of subjects was analyzed by PCR-Sanger sequencing. Results: The proportion of carriers with mutant T allele at rs774320676 locus and mutant G allele at rs928508030 locus of CTSS in study group was significantly higher than the proportion in control group (P=0.000, adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.332, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.200–1.460; P<0.001, adjusted OR = 1.185, 95% CI = 1.055–1.314; P=0.002). The T allele at rs774320676 locus and the G allele at rs928508030 locus of CTSS were independent risk factors for acute atherosclerotic cerebral infarction (OR = 2.534, 95% CI = 1.020–4.652, P=0.006; OR = 2.016, 95% CI = 1.031–4.385, P=0.031). Conclusion: The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of rs774320676 and rs928508030 of CTSS gene were related with risk for acute atherosclerotic cerebral infarction. The T allele at rs774320676 locus and G allele at rs928508030 locus of CTSS were genetic susceptibility genes of acute atherosclerotic cerebral infarction.

scholarly journals Glisson’s capsule cauterisation is associated with increased postoperative pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a prospective case–control study

2017 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
pp. 485-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Basak ◽  
M Hasbahceci ◽  
A Sisik ◽  
A Acar ◽  
Y Ozel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy ◽  
Postoperative Pain ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Gallbladder Disease ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Pain Scores ◽  
Standard Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy ◽  
Control Study

INTRODUCTION Postoperative pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy has three components: parietal, visceral and referred pain felt at the shoulder. Visceral peritoneal injury on the liver (Glisson’s capsule) during cauterisation sometimes occurs as an unavoidable complication of the operation. Its effect on postoperative pain has not been quantified. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the association between Glisson’s capsule injury and postoperative pain following laparoscopic cholecystectomy. METHODS The study was a prospective case–control of planned standard laparoscopic cholecystectomy with standardized anaesthesia protocol in patients with benign gallbladder disease. Visual analogue scale (VAS) abdominal pain scores were noted at 2 and 24 hours after the operation. One surgical team performed the operations. Operative videos were recorded and examined later by another team to detect presence of Glisson’s capsule cauterisation. Eighty-one patients were enrolled into the study. After examination of the operative videos, 46 patients with visceral peritoneal injury were included in the study group, and the remaining 35 formed the control group. RESULTS VAS pain score at postoperative 2 and 24 hours was significantly higher in the study group than control (P = 0.027 and 0.017, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Glisson’s capsule cauterisation in laparoscopic cholecystectomy is associated with increased postoperative pain. Additional efforts are recommended to prevent unintentional cauterisation.

scholarly journals The thickness changes of retina in high myopia patients during the third trimester of pregnancy: a pilot study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenchen Liu ◽  
Puying Wei ◽  
Jun Li
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
High Myopia ◽  
Retinal Thickness ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Average Thickness ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Objectives To observe and compare the difference in retinal thickness using optical coherence tomography (OCT) between patients with high myopia (HM) during the third trimester of pregnancy and age-matched HM non-pregnant women. Methods A case-control study. A total of 39 eyes from 39 HM women in the third trimester (study group) and 50 eyes of 50 age-matched non-pregnant women with HM (control group) were included. All subjects underwent SD-OCT examination. The built-in software was used to measure the retinal thickness in macular region. The data from two groups were compared using independent-samples t test. Results Among the 89 subjects in this study, the mean gestational age of the study group was 35.09 ± 2.44 weeks, and the average age was 32.24 ± 3.75 years. The average age of the control group was 34.04 ± 7.19 years old. Compared with the control group, the average thickness of parafoveal area, and the average thickness of parafoveal superior, inferior, temporal quadrants of the superficial retina and the average thickness of the foveal and parafoveal of the superficial retina were significantly decreased in the study group (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the average thickness of all quadrants of the retina in the parafoveal area except the nasal quadrant were significantly decreased in the study group (P < 0.05). Conclusions In this observational study, the retinal thickness of patients with high myopia during the third trimester of pregnancy was thinner than that of non-pregnant women with age-matched high myopia.

scholarly journals Leptin, resistin and visfatin as useful predictors of gestational diabetes mellitus

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Tijani Bawah ◽  
Mohammed Mustapha Seini ◽  
Albert Abaka-Yawason ◽  
Huseini Alidu ◽  
Salifu Nanga
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Lipids and adipokines including leptin, resistin and visfatin play various roles in the pathophysiology of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM). This study was aimed at determining whether serum leptin, resistin and visfatin are significantly altered during the first trimester of pregnancies that subsequently develop GDM and whether such changes are useful in predicting the disease. Methods This was a case-case control study which compared first trimester biochemical and anthropometric parameters in 70 pregnant women who subsequently developed GDM and 70 pregnant women without GDM at the Volta Regional Hospital, Ho, Ghana. Lipid profile and some selected adipokines were analyzed and first trimester body mass index (BMI) was determined. Results There were significant differences (p < 0.05) in leptin, resistin, and visfatin as well as significant dyslipidemia among those with GDM compared to those without GDM. Furthermore, the area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves (AUCs) for leptin, resistin and visfatin were; 0.812, 0.836 and 0.799 respectively. Increased first trimester leptin (OR = 1.166; CI = 1.104–1.233; p < 0.0001), resistin (p < 0.0001) and visfatin (p < 0.0001) were associated with GDM. Conclusion Hyperleptinemia, hyperesistinemia and hypervisfatinemia precede GDM and can serve as good predictive indices for gestational diabetes mellitus.

Negative Interaction between Lithium and Electroconvulsive Therapy – A Case-Control Study

1996 ◽  
Vol 168 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Jha ◽  
G. S. Stein ◽  
P. Fenwick
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Negative Interaction ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Concurrent Use ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Age And Sex

BackgroundConcurrent use of lithium and ECT is suspected to increase neurotoxicity.MethodA retrospective case-control study over an eight-year period was conducted to investigate the adverse effects of a combined lithium/ECT treatment Thirty-one subjects with combined lithium/ECT treatment were compared with a control group (ECT only) of 135 cases matched for age and sex.ResultsMost cases in both groups had no adverse effects. Three (10%) study group subjects and 15 (11 %) controls experienced brief delirium. Three controls and none of the subjects developed a prolonged confusion. There were no significant differences in the profile of other adverse effects between the two groups.ConclusionPrescription of lithium together with ECT was not associated with higher frequency of adverse effects.

scholarly journals Distribution of thyroid peroxidase positivity and its effects on thyroid function in normal pregnant women during 1st trimester in Dhaka city

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Ohida Sultanaa ◽  
Nasim Jahan ◽  
Nayma Sultana ◽  
Farzana Mahmudad ◽  
Tazdik G Chowdhurye
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Total Study Population ◽  
Group B

Objective: To measure the distribution of TPO-Ab positivity and to observe the effect of thyroid peroxidase positivity on thyroid function during first trimester in normal pregnancy. Method: A cross sectional among 120 subjects were taken in this study and divided into control and study groups. Control group (Group A) consisted of 60 healthy non pregnant women age ranged between 20 to 35 years. Study group (Group B) consisted of 60 normal pregnant women of same age range. Group B was further subdivided into group B1 and group B2according to the level of TPO-Ab. Group B1 consisted of TPO-Ab positive pregnant women and group B2 consisted of TPO- Ab negative pregnant women. Control group was selected from personal contacts and study group from Out Patient Department (OPD) of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Sir Salimullah Medical College and Mitford Hospital. For assessment of thyroid function, serum free thyroxine (FT4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were measured. Serum FT4, TSH were measured by Enzyme link immunosorbant (ELISA) method. Again, serum TPO-Ab of total study population and hCG of all the pregnant women were measured. Serum TPO-Ab by Micro particle Enzyme Immunoassay (MEIA) method and hCG was estimated by ELISA. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS version 17. Results: In this study, serum FT4 and was significantly (P<0.001) higher and TSH level was significantly (P<0.001) lower in normal pregnant women during 1st trimester in comparison to those of non pregnant women. Again, 18% of pregnant women showed TPO-Ab positivity. However, serum FT4 level was significantly (P<0.001) lower whereas, TSH level was significantly (p<0.001) higher in TPO-Ab positive pregnant women in comparison to those of TPO-Ab negative pregnant women. Conclusion: TPO-Ab positivity increases during 1st trimester of normal pregnancy which decreases the hyper functional state of thyroid hormones. So, thyroid screening should be done routinely during pregnancy. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/updcj.v4i1.21160 Update Dent. Coll. j: 2014; 4 (1): 15-20

Efficacy of small-volume gastrografin videofluoroscopic screening for detecting pharyngeal leaks following total laryngectomy

2020 ◽  
Vol 134 (4) ◽  
pp. 350-353
Author(s):  
M Narayan ◽  
S Limbachiya ◽  
D Balasubramanian ◽  
N Subramaniam ◽  
K Thankappan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Laryngectomy ◽  
Small Volume ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Pharyngocutaneous Fistulae

AbstractObjectivesPharyngocutaneous fistulae are dreaded complications following total laryngectomy. This paper presents our experience using 3–5 ml gastrografin to detect pharyngeal leaks following total laryngectomy, and compares post-operative videofluoroscopy with clinical follow-up findings in the detection of pharyngocutaneous fistulae.MethodsA retrospective case–control study was conducted of total laryngectomy patients. The control group (n = 85) was assessed clinically for development of pharyngocutaneous fistulae, while the study group (n = 52) underwent small-volume (3–5 ml) post-operative gastrografin videofluoroscopy.ResultsIn the control group, 24 of 85 patients (28 per cent) developed pharyngocutaneous fistulae, with 6 requiring surgical correction. In the study group, 24 of 52 patients (46 per cent) had videofluoroscopy-detected pharyngeal leaks; 4 patients (8 per cent) developed pharyngocutaneous fistulae, but all cases resolved following non-surgical management. Patients who underwent videofluoroscopy had a significantly lower risk of developing pharyngocutaneous fistulae; sensitivity and specificity in the detection of pharyngocutaneous fistulae were 58 per cent and 100 per cent respectively.ConclusionSmall-volume gastrografin videofluoroscopy reliably identified small pharyngeal leaks. Routine use in total laryngectomy combined with withholding feeds in cases of early leaks may prevent the development of pharyngocutaneous fistulae.

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