scholarly journals EFFECT OF BICARBONATE AND HIGH PH ON ROOT GROWTH AND ACCUMULATION OF ORGANIC ACIDES IN TWO RICE CULTIVARS DIFFERING IN SUSCEPTIBILITY TO ZN DEFICENCY

2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 2499-2411
Author(s):  
Nabila Bassioni ◽  
S. T. Abou-Zeid ◽  
Y. A. Abd-EI Aal ◽  
H. M. A. EI-Kotb
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
High Ph

Root growth and distribution in rice cultivars as affected by nitrogen and water supply

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 558-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong-Xiang GU ◽  
Liang TANG ◽  
Qi-Jun XU ◽  
Xiao-Jun LEI ◽  
Wei-Xing CAO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Rice Cultivars

scholarly journals Aluminum effects on citric and malic acid excretion in roots and calli of rice cultivars

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-23
Author(s):  
CRISTIANE ELIZABETH COSTA DE MACÊDO ◽  
JEAN MARIE KINET ◽  
STANLEY LUTTS
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Malic Acid ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Acid Excretion ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Al Stress ◽  
Seedling Roots ◽  
Callus Tissues ◽  
Root Apices ◽  
And Control

Citric and malic acid excretion in the medium and malic acid accumulation in seedling roots and embryo-derived calli as possible mechanisms of aluminum (Al) resistance and the effects of a 17-h Al stress period on root growth in Oryza sativa have been studied. Four-day-old seedlings and embryo-derived calli of Al-resistant (IRAT 112 and IR6023) and Al-sensitive (Aiwu and IKP) cultivars were treated with 250 and 500 µM {Al2(S04)3.18H20 }of total aluminum or without Al for 36 hours. After 3 to 36 hours of stress, seedlings and calli were removed from the flasks and concentration of citric and malic acids was estimated in the Al and control solutions. Malic acid was also assayed in roots tips and in callus tissues. After 17-h of Al stress, inhibition of root growth was a typical effect of Al in rice and the extent of the inhibition depended on both cultivar and Al concentration. At 500 µM of Al, strong reduction of root elongation occurred in all cultivars while at 250 µM of Al, only IRAT was unaffected, when compared to their control. In the absence of Al, all varieties excreted comparable amounts of citric and malic acid. Al treatments, were without effect upon citrate excretion in both Al-resistant and Al-sensitive cultivars. Al treatment, for periods from 3 to 24h, slightly stimulated the excretion of malic acid from seedlings, in all cultivars. Malic acid concentrations in root apices, in the presence or absence of aluminum, were not correlated with aluminum resistance. No differences in malic excretion and internal concentrations were detected between Al-treated and untreated rice calli of the same four cultivars. It is therefore concluded that, in our experimental conditions, differences in Al resistance in our rice cultivars cannot be attributed to citric and malic acids. Further research needs to be carried out to examine other possible mechanisms of Al-resistance in rice and to determine whether organic acids such as succinic and oxalic acid are implicated.

scholarly journals SELEKSI KETAHANAN BEBERAPA KULTIVAR PADI (Oryza sativa L.) LOKAL ASAL KALIMANTAN TIMUR TERHADAP CEKAMAN ALUMINIUM PADA FASE PERKECAMBAHAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 178
Author(s):  
Nurul Aini ◽  
Susylowati Susylowati ◽  
Nurhasanah Nurhasanah
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Growth Parameter ◽  
Aluminum Concentration ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Aluminum Stress ◽  
East Kalimantan ◽  
Relative Root Growth ◽  
Relative Root

Food security and sovereignty can be realized through the expansion of agricultural land to the marginal lands. One type of marginal land is acidie soils with high levels of aluminum (Al) toxicity. An efficient and environmentally friendly approach to utilizeng acidie soils as agricultural land is by using rice varieties which have a high tolerance to aluminum stress on acidie soils. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of aluminum stress on the growth of the local rice from East Kalimantan and to select the tolerant cultivars against aluminum stress at the germination stage. The study was conducted for three months (May-July 2018), at Laboratory of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mulawarman, Samarinda.  This study used a Split Plot Design with three replications. As the main plot was Aluminum stress concentration (A) consisting of 3 levels, namely 0, 250 and 500 ppm of AlCl3 and as subplots were 25 rice genotypes, consisting of 23 local rice cultivars from East Kalimantan (V) and two genotypes as tolerant (Mekongga) and sensitive (IR64) controls. Assessment of aluminum tolerance level was carried out by calculating plant sensitivity index values against aluminum stress based on the Relative Root Growth (RRG) and Relative Shoot Growth (SRG) parameters. Other plant growth parameter data, root and shoot fresh and dry weight, were analyzed using analysis of variance at the test level α = 0.05, and the post-hoch test using Honestly Significant Difference test (HSD). Aluminum stress caused disruption of the East Kalimantan local rice cultivars growth, especially root growth. Aluminum concentration at either 250 ppm or 500 ppm reduced relative root growth and further damage the root system of the rice plants causing roots stunted and thickened. Likewise with shoot growth parameter, there was a relative shoot growth decline due to the aluminum stress on the plants. Two local rice cultivars of East Kalimantan, Pulut Mayang and Pulut Linjuang, were consistently tolerant to aluminum stress either in 250 ppm or 500 ppm of AlCl3; while Kawit, Bentian, Mayas Putih and Ketan putih cultivars were only classified as tolerant at a concentration of 250 ppm aluminum. On the other hand, a control sensitive variety IR64 showed the susceptibility to 250 and 500 ppm aluminum stress.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF POTASSIUM LEVELS ON ROOT GROWTH AND NUTRIENT UPTAKE OF UPLAND RICE CULTIVARS

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANTONIO CARLOS DE ALMEIDA CARMEIS FILHO ◽  
◽  
CARLOS ALEXANDRE COSTA CRUSCIOL ◽  
ADRIANO STEPHAN NASCENTE ◽  
MUNIR MAUAD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
K Concentration

ABSTRACT Potassium (K) is an essential nutrient for upland rice growth, but little information on the effects of K on root growth and nutrient uptake capacity of upland rice is found. Therefore, an experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions to evaluate the influence of soil K levels on root growth and nutrient uptake of four upland rice cultivars. A completely randomized experimental design, in a 4x4 factorial scheme (4 levels of K: 20, 40, 80, and 160 mg dm-3; 4 cultivars: Caiapó, BRS-Primavera, IAC-202, and Maravilha) was used, with four replications. Based on regression equations, the highest values of root length density would be found with 136 mg dm-3 of K. The root diameter and dry matter, shoot dry matter and shoot K concentration increased linearly with the increasing K rates. The shoot K concentration of the upland rice cultivars did not differ. The increased level of K in the soil reduced the shoot Ca concentration of intermediate and modern cultivars, and the shoot Mg concentration of all cultivars. The potassium fertilization increased the plant growth, but the magnitude of this effect varied according to the cultivar.

Constraints to root growth of wheat and lupin crops in duplex soils

1992 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 947 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Dracup ◽  
RK Belford ◽  
PJ Gregory
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Impedance ◽  
Lupinus Angustifolius ◽  
Rooting Depth ◽  
Wheat Roots ◽  
High Ph ◽  
Penetrometer Resistance

Duplex soils constitute about 60% of the cropping region of Western Australia and are usually cropped with wheat or lupins. Extensive and deep root growth is particularly important to crop production on these soils, because the nutrient- and water-holding capacities of the A horizon are frequently low. However, properties of the soils and the Mediterranean-type climate impose several constraints to root growth. Physical and chemical properties of duplex soils are spatially variable, leading to pronounced variation (from metres to tens of metres) in the growth of roots and shoots. Both the A and B horizons often impede root growth mechanically, with bulk density and penetrometer resistance frequently exceeding 1.8 Mg/m3 and 2 MPa, respectively. Also, saturated conductivities of the B horizon are often <0.01 m/day, leading to waterlogging. Topsoil acidity is often a problem in lighttextured A horizons, with pH declining about 0.1 unit each decade in yellow duplex soils near Beverley, Western Australia, where pH is already usually <4.8. Conversely, in the B horizon of red-brown earths and, sometimes, yellow duplex soils, pH >7 restricts growth of roots of Lupinus angustifolius. Major constraints to root growth often occur together (e.g. waterlogging with acidity, salinity, or mechanical impedance), and this exacerbates problems of root growth and necessitates identification and amelioration of the particular combination of constraints to improve root growth. Although L. angustifolius is often grown on duplex soils, its roots are not suited to these soils. Rooting depth is restricted, and unlike wheat roots, those of L. angustifolius are poorly adapted to ramifying through the soil for efficient water and nutrient extraction. Lupinus angustifolius is also particularly sensitive to high pH, salinity, and, probably, waterlogging. Other species of lupin which are more tolerant of high pH (e.g. L. pilosus) and waterlogging (e.g. L. luteus) may be more appropriate on duplex soils.

scholarly journals The response of East Kalimantan, Indonesia local rice cultivars against iron stress

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 273-282
Author(s):  
NURHASANAH NURHASANAH ◽  
HELMA SUCI LESTARI ◽  
WIDI SUNARYO
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Iron Stress ◽  
East Kalimantan ◽  
Rice Genotypes

Nurhasanah, lestari HS, Sunaryo W. 2019. The response of East Kalimantan, Indonesia local rice cultivars against iron stress. Biodiversitas 20: 273-282. Iron (Fe) toxicity is one of the most problematic metal elements in acidic soil. Besides being as an essential micronutrient, an excessive iron can cause mineral and nutrients absorption disorder which leads to disruption of plant metabolism and cell development. Reduction of plant growth and yield will be the further consequences of the excessive soil iron content. This study aimed to evaluate the response of East Kalimantan local rice cultivars and to screen rice genotypes tolerant to iron stress. Twenty-five rice genotypes were used in this study, consisted of twenty-three local rice cultivars of East Kalimantan and two control of iron sensitive (IR64) and tolerant (Mekongga) varieties. Uniform sprouts (3 days old) having 1-1.5 cm root length were used for iron stress experiment. The seedlings were grown in nutrient solution using hydroponic system in an aerobic condition. The seedlings were treated for one week in iron stress condition by adding an extra iron source of 100 and 200 ppm FeSO4.7H2O (pH 4.0). The seedlings grown in the nutrient solution without an extra iron treatment at normal acidity growth condition (pH 5.8) were used as the control. The growth responses were observed from root, shoot, and biomass of the plants. The tolerance index of the plant growth characters was calculated to classify the rice genotypes into tolerant, moderate, and sensitive to iron stress. The results showed that 100 and 200 ppm of FeSO4.7H2O treatments inhibited the root and shoot growth and also reduced the plant biomass. The plant growth reduction was in parallel with the increase of iron concentration. There was a significant differential response of East Kalimantan local rice genotypes to iron stress treatment. Some genotypes showed an extreme reduction of plant growth, whereas several genotypes had an increased growth under stressed situation. In the contrary, the sensitive genotype IR 64 was consistently sensitive based on the tolerance index of the root, shoot, and plant biomass characters. Among all growth parameters, the most selective character for iron toxicity screening was maximal root length character. This character caused the most severe symptoms for most of the genotypes. Two local rice genotypes, Bentian and Bogor Hitam, were consistently tolerant based on the maximal root growth, total root growth, shoot length and plant biomass.

Nitrate supply affects root growth differentially in two rice cultivars differing in nitrogen use efficiency

2011 ◽  
Vol 343 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 357-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjing Song ◽  
Kousar Makeen ◽  
Dongsheng Wang ◽  
Chenming Zhang ◽  
Yehong Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Nitrate Supply ◽  
Use Efficiency
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