scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF ORGANIC AND MINERAL FERTILIZATIONS, PLANT SPACING AND FOLIAR APLICATON OF YEAST AND GARLIC EXTRACT ON SEED PRODUCTION OF SQUASH. 1-VEGETATIVE GROWTH AND LEAF CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 1691-1705
Author(s):  
E. Tartoura ◽  
E. El-Gamily ◽  
Y. El-Waraky ◽  
A. Fayed
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Garlic Extract ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
The Impact

Seed production and seedling emergence of Giant Parramatta grass on the north coast of New South Wales

1996 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 299 ◽  
Author(s):  
TS Andrews ◽  
RDB Whalley ◽  
CE Jones
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Seed Banks ◽  
North Coast ◽  
The North ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Seed Fall ◽  
The Impact

Inputs and losses from Giant Parramatta grass [GPG, Sporobolus indicus (L.) R. Br. var. major (Buse) Baaijens] soil seed banks were quantified on the North Coast of New South Wales. Monthly potential seed production and actual seed fall was estimated at Valla during 1991-92. Total potential production was >668 000 seeds/m2 for the season, while seed fall was >146000 seeds/m2. Seed fall >10000 seeds/m2.month was recorded from January until May, with further seed falls recorded in June and July. The impact of seed production on seed banks was assessed by estimating seed banks in the seed production quadrats before and after seed fall. Seed banks in 4 of the 6 sites decreased in year 2, although seed numbers at 1 damp site increased markedly. Defoliation from mid-December until February, April or June prevented seed production, reducing seed banks by 34% over 7 months. Seed banks in undefoliated plots increased by 3300 seeds/m2, although seed fall was estimated at >114 000 seeds/m2. Emergence of GPG seedlings from artificially established and naturally occurring, persistent seed banks was recorded for 3 years from bare and vegetated treatment plots. Sown seeds showed high levels of innate dormancy and only 4% of seeds emerged when sown immediately after collection. Longer storage of seeds after collection resulted in more seedlings emerging. Estimates of persistent seed banks ranged from 1650 to about 21260 seeds/m2. Most seedlings emerged in spring or autumn and this was correlated with rainfall but not with ambient temperatures. Rates of seed bank decline in both bare and vegetated treatment plots was estimated by fitting exponential decay curves to seed bank estimates. Assuming no further seed inputs, it was estimated that it would take about 3 and 5 years, respectively, for seed banks to decline to 150 seeds/m2 in bare and vegetated treatments.

scholarly journals The Impact of Alkaloid-Producing Epichloë Endophyte on Forage Ryegrass Breeding: A New Zealand Perspective

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
Colin Eady
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Abiotic Stressors ◽  
Livestock Health ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Epichloë Endophyte

For 30 years, forage ryegrass breeding has known that the germplasm may contain a maternally inherited symbiotic Epichloë endophyte. These endophytes produce a suite of secondary alkaloid compounds, dependent upon strain. Many produce ergot and other alkaloids, which are associated with both insect deterrence and livestock health issues. The levels of alkaloids and other endophyte characteristics are influenced by strain, host germplasm, and environmental conditions. Some strains in the right host germplasm can confer an advantage over biotic and abiotic stressors, thus acting as a maternally inherited desirable ‘trait’. Through seed production, these mutualistic endophytes do not transmit into 100% of the crop seed and are less vigorous than the grass seed itself. This causes stability and longevity issues for seed production and storage should the ‘trait’ be desired in the germplasm. This makes understanding the precise nature of the relationship vitally important to the plant breeder. These Epichloë endophytes cannot be ‘bred’ in the conventional sense, as they are asexual. Instead, the breeder may modulate endophyte characteristics through selection of host germplasm, a sort of breeding by proxy. This article explores, from a forage seed company perspective, the issues that endophyte characteristics and breeding them by proxy have on ryegrass breeding, and outlines the methods used to assess the ‘trait’, and the application of these through the breeding, production, and deployment processes. Finally, this article investigates opportunities for enhancing the utilisation of alkaloid-producing endophytes within pastures, with a focus on balancing alkaloid levels to further enhance pest deterrence and improving livestock outcomes.

Seed cone traits and insect damage in Tsuga canadensis (Pinaceae)

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 261-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean J Turgeon ◽  
Chuck Jones ◽  
M Isabel Bellocq
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Tsuga Canadensis ◽  
Insect Damage ◽  
First Report ◽  
Seed Cone ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Maximum Proportion ◽  
Sterile Seed ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Filled Seeds

We measured seed cones of Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carrière, assessed seed potential (number of fertile scales × 2) and seed efficiency (number of filled seeds/seed potential), and estimated the impact of Eupithecia mutata Pearsall (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) and Megastigmus hoffmeyeri Walley (Hymenoptera: Torymidae) on seed production. Mean length, width, and volume of healthy cones varied little among sites from Ontario. Cones had about 28 scales; 13 were sterile. Seed potential and seed efficiency differed among sites, ranging from 25 to 31 ovules and 24% to 72%, respectively. The number of scales (both sterile and fertile) increased with cone volume, but the proportion of fertile scales was independent of cone size. The maximum proportion of cones infested by E. mutata was 21%. On average, each larva destroyed >90% of the filled seeds from each cone, thus from a practical perspective, the proportion of T. canadensis seeds destroyed per site was equivalent to the proportion of seed cones infested. The proportion of cones infested by M. hoffmeyeri ranged from 9% to 40%, but the proportion of seeds destroyed per site (range: 1.1%–6.1%) was much lower than that of E. mutata. The maximum number of M. hoffmeyeri-infested seeds per cone was seven. To our knowledge, this is the first report documenting cone traits of T. canadensis and the impact of E. mutata and M. hoffmeyeri.

scholarly journals Physicochemical indicators of the influence of a lined municipal landfill on groundwater quality: a case study from Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (13) ◽  
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Przydatek ◽  
Włodzimierz Kanownik
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Soil Medium ◽  
Detailed Statistical Analysis ◽  
Pollutant Migration ◽  
Leachate Water ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Carbon Concentrations

AbstractThe paper aims to determine the most significant physicochemical indicators of the effects that a lined landfill in southern Poland has had on groundwater quality. The results of the tests of groundwater and leachate water from the landfill for the period 2009 to 2016 were subjected to a detailed statistical analysis based on the 10 physicochemical parameters. A factor analysis was conducted considering the European Union and national requirements for landfills using analytical and statistical tools. The leachate contamination indicators from a landfill were analysed to reveal their interaction with the groundwater. The assessment indicated that there was an elevated and statistically significantly higher electrical conductivity and copper and total organic carbon concentrations in groundwater hydraulically downgradient of the landfill. The assessment also indicated that there were significant differences in the correlations between chemical parameters downgradient of the landfill and that there was a trend of increasing concentrations of some chemical constituents in groundwater. The adverse effects of the landfill were due to the deposited amount of waste exceeding 10 Mg per day. The impact was noticeable despite low and decreasing concentrations of heavy metals (Hg, Cu, Cd, Pb and Zn) in the leachate. The deterioration of the chemical state of the groundwater in the landfill vicinity could result in the extended time of pollutant migration or mass transport in the irrigated soil medium due to the limited efficiency of the leachate intake system or sealing screen after more than 20 years of landfill operation.

Sugar beet seed production and marketing in the United Kingdom

1975 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 284-289
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Seed Crops ◽  
The Impact

Sugar beet differs from most other farm seed crops, in that “varieties” are mixtures of hybrids from a blend of genotypes. Growing and processing are two equally important aspects of seed production. In this article, cultural and harvesting methods are described, and processing and marketing procedures are briefly outlined. The impact of EEC regulations affecting seeds is also considered.

scholarly journals DAMPAK LETUSAN GUNUNG KELUD TERHADAP PELAKU USAHA PERIKANAN DI KABUPATEN KEDIRI, PROVINSI JAWA TIMUR

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
Maulana Firdaus ◽  
Radityo Pramoda ◽  
Maharani Yulisti
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Total Loss ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Average Value ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Impact

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dampak letusan Gunung Kelud terhadap pelaku usaha perikanan khususnya di Kabupaten Kediri. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan April-Mei 2014 denganfokus lokasi penelitian di Kecamatan Pare, Kabupaten Kediri yang merupakan sentra penghasil benih ikan lele. Data primer dan sekunder digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Informan ditentukan dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa letusan Gunung Kelud sangat berdampak pada masyarakat perikanan di Kabupaten Kediri baik secara sosial maupun ekonomi. Dampak secara sosial berupa perubahan status pembudidaya, perubahan sosial dan perubahan mata pencaharian. Secara ekonomi, dampak letusan Gunung Kelud menyebabkan 274 pembudidaya di 16 kecamatan mengalami kerugian dengan total kerugian sebesar 3,9 milyar rupiah. Rata-rata nilai kerugian yang dialami oleh setiap pembudidaya adalah 14,4 juta rupiah per orang yang meliputi kematian ikan, kematian benih ikan, kematian induk ikan, rusaknya kolam ikan, serta rusaknya peralatan budidaya.Title: The Impact of Mount Kelud Eruption To Fisheries Bussinessin Kediri District, East Java ProvinceThis study aims to assess the impact of the Kelud eruption on fisheries sector in Kediri. The study was conducted in April-May 2014 with a focus on research location in Pare Subdistrict, KediriDistrict which is the catfish seed production centers. Primary and secondary data used in this study. Informants were selected using purposive sampling technique. Data were analyzed qualitatively. The results showed that the Mount Kelud eruption greatly affected to the fisheries sector in Kediri, both socially and economically. Social impact in the form of changes in the status of farmers, changes in social status and changes in livelihood. Economically, the impact of the Kelud eruption caused 274 farmers in 16 districts experienced a loss with a total loss of 3.9 billion dollars. The average value of the losses suffered by each cultivator is 14.4 million dollars per person death of seeds, death of fish, damage to fishponds, and the destruction of farming equipment.

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