scholarly journals Morphological, Pathological and Genetic Diversities among Cephalosporium maydis Isolates

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-42
Author(s):  
Ahmed Ashour ◽  
Kamel Sabet ◽  
El-Said El-Shabrawy ◽  
Abbas Alhanshoul
Keyword(s):  
Cephalosporium Maydis

Saprophytic behaviour of Cephalosporium maydis and C. acremonium

1970 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. SABET ◽  
A. S. SAMRA ◽  
I. M. MANSOUR
Keyword(s):  
Cephalosporium Maydis

scholarly journals Cephalosporium maydis, the Cause of Late Wilt in Maize, a Pathogen New to Portugal and Spain

Plant Disease ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Molinero-Ruiz ◽  
J. M. Melero-Vara ◽  
A. Mateos
Keyword(s):  
Its Region ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Maize Breeding ◽  
Wheat Grains ◽  
Brown Discoloration ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Root Necrosis ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Geographical Expansion ◽  
Cephalosporium Maydis

Scattered maize (Zea mays L.) plants with symptoms of premature wilting were observed in two fields in Toledo (Spain) during the summer of 2003. In 2008, affected fields in Toledo and Ribatejo (Portugal) showed incidences as much as 60% and symptoms affecting 50% of the hybrid varieties. Wilting became visible before tasseling and continued until shortly before maturity. It steadily progressed from the lower to upper leaves; the leaf tissues between the veins changing first to a pale green color then the whole leaf rolling inward lengthwise. Some leaves dried up and became brittle. As leaf wilting advanced, yellowish or reddish brown streaks appeared on the basal internodes of the stalk, which dried up and became shrunken. When the stalk was split, a brown discoloration extended along the internodes. The fungus that was consistently isolated from necrotic roots and basal tissues of the stalks of plants from both locations was identified as Cephalosporium maydis Samra, Sabet & Hingorani (1). The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of mycelial DNA was amplified (ITS1 and ITS2 primers) and sequenced. BLAST analysis showed 99% homology with C. maydis (GenBank Accession Nos. CM2A1, CM884, CM3B, and CM1A). Pathogenicity was confirmed in a shadehouse experiment from March to July of 2009. One isolate from Ribatejo and another from Toledo were independently inoculated to 24 4-day-old seedlings of each of two maize varieties. The experimental unit consisted of six seedlings planted in an 8-liter pot filled with sand/silt previously infested with 200 g of wheat grains colonized by the fungi. Noncolonized wheat grains were used for the control treatments. Four replications (pots) were established for each genotype/isolate combination according to a complete randomized 2 × 3 factorial design. After 6 weeks, four plants in each pot were randomly selected for evaluation of root necrosis, plant height, and reisolations of C. maydis. The two remaining plants were grown for nine additional weeks, then their weights were determined, and the percentages of aboveground tissues that were prematurely necrotic and dry were evaluated. Six weeks after inoculation, percentage of root necrosis of inoculated plants ranged between 75 and 100%, which was significantly higher than those of the controls (0%). No significant differences of height were recorded. At the end of the experiment, 28 to 53% of aboveground tissues of inoculated plants were necrotic and dry, significantly higher than in the controls. Regardless of the variety, weights of the inoculated plants were significantly reduced to 45 and 65% of the control plants. When root and stalk tissues from both varieties were sampled and incubated on potato dextrose agar at 25°C, the mycelial growth of C. maydis was confirmed for the inoculated plants but not for the control plants: colonies with “rhizoid” appearance of the margin, first white in color and turning to ash gray with age. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the presence of C. maydis outside Egypt, Hungary, and India. This geographical expansion of the pathogen will eventually affect the maize breeding programs for southern Europe. Reference: (1) A. S. Samra et al. Phytopathology 53:402, 1963.

scholarly journals Relative Competitiveness and Virulence of Four Clonal Lineages of Cephalosporium maydis from Egypt Toward Greenhouse-Grown Maize

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt A. Zeller ◽  
Abou-Serie M. Ismael ◽  
Elhamy M. El-Assiuty ◽  
Zeinab M. Fahmy ◽  
Fawzia M. Bekheet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Vascular Wilt ◽  
Maize Breeding ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Mixed Inoculum ◽  
Mixed Inocula ◽  
Cephalosporium Maydis ◽  
Lineage Iv

Four clonal lineages of Cephalosporium maydis, a soilborne vascular wilt pathogen that causes late wilt of maize, were differentiated previously with molecular markers. In Egypt, this fungus can cause significant losses in infected susceptible plants. In greenhouse tests of individual isolates we found that these lineages differ in their virulence toward a series of maize accessions commonly used in Egyptian maize breeding programs. We also determined the relative competitiveness of representatives of the four lineages when incorporated into the soil as a mixed inoculum. The lineage (IV) with greatest mean disease incidence (virulence), when tested alone, was the least competitive on susceptible maize accessions when coinoculated as a component of mixed inocula of all four lineages. In these coinoculation experiments, one of the less-virulent lineages (II) dominated (70% of infections) and appeared to be the most competitive. These results suggest that virulence and competitive ability are not the same in this host-pathogen system. These results also suggest that standard protocols that rely on mixed inocula for resistance screening need to be altered, and that the relative proportion of the different lineages of the pathogen recovered in a field may be influenced by the maize variety/hybrid planted.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document