scholarly journals EFFECT OF FORMALDEHYDE TREATMENT AND FEEDING REGIME OF DIETS FOR CROSSBRED FRIESIAN COWS ON MILK PRODUCTION AND MICROBIOLOGICAL STATUS

2006 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-39
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Feeding Regime ◽  
Formaldehyde Treatment ◽  
Microbiological Status ◽  
Friesian Cows

Effect of formaldehyde-treated sunflower meal on the milk production of grazing dairy cows

1992 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 379 ◽  
Author(s):  
BA Hamilton ◽  
JR Ashes ◽  
AW Carmichael
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sunflower Meal ◽  
Protein Meal ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Formaldehyde Treatment ◽  
Temperate Pastures ◽  
Grazing Dairy Cows ◽  
Friesian Cows

Forty-five Friesian cows grazing kikuyu pastures in the first 3 months of lactation were fed pasture alone or pasture supplemented with cracked barley or cracked barley mixed with sunflower meal untreated or treated with 0.5 or 0.7% formaldehyde. All supplements were isoenergetic and differed only in the level of formaldehyde treatment of the protein meal. The experimental rations were given for 8 weeks. The milk production of cows fed sunflower meal treated with 0.5% formaldehyde was significantly higher (P.< 0.05) than that of cows fed either barley or untreated sunflower meal and it was suggested that the level of formaldehyde added to protein meals may be important for optimum responses. The feeding of untreated sunflower meal did not significantly increase the protein content of milk above that of the pasture-fed control group. The feeding of barley and sunflower meal treated with both levels of formaldehyde significantly increased the protein content of milk above that of controls (P.< 0.05). The fat content of milk from cows receiving supplements did not differ significantly between treatment groups, but all were significantly lower than from cows in the control group fed pasture (P.< 0.05). All supplemented groups gained weight over the period of the experiment whereas the pasture-fed control group lost weight. Pasture intake of individual cows was estimated with controlled release chromic oxide capsules. The rate of substitution of pasture by supplement was 0-16 kg/kg concentrate eaten and this is below the rates observed for cows grazing temperate pastures.

A comparison of starchy and fibrous concentrates for milk production, energy utilization and hay intake by Friesian cows

1987 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Sutton ◽  
J. A. Bines ◽  
S. V. Morant ◽  
D. J. Napper ◽  
D. J. Givens
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Carbohydrate Source ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Concentrate Inclusion ◽  
Friesian Cows

SummaryTwenty-four Friesian cows were allocated to one of four diets for weeks 3–14 of lactation following 2 weeks on a common diet. The diets (kg air-dry feed/day) were 7–2 kg hay and 10·8 kg either starchy or fibrous concentrates (60S and 60F) or 3·5 kg hay and 14·0 kg either starchy or fibrous concentrates (80S and 80F). Rumen samples were taken by stomach tube in weeks 10 and 12 of lactation and the digestibility of the diets was measured with four cows per treatment during weeks 13 and 14. The digestibility of the same feeds was also measured in sheep at maintenance.The principal carbohydrate constituents of the concentrates were barley, wheat and cassava in the starchy concentrates and citrus pulp, sugar-beet pulp and wheat feed in the fibrous concentrates. The concentrates were designed to have similar concentrations of metabolizable energy (ME) and the diets were planned to provide similar intakes of digestible energy and crude protein.Milk yield and composition were very similar for treatments 60S and 60F. With the higher proportion of starchy concentrates (80S), milk yield was about 20% greater than on 60S, fat concentration fell severely but protein and lactose concentrations were unaffected. With the higher proportion of fibrous concentrates (80F), milk yield and the protein and lactose concentration were similar to values on 60F but fat concentration was lower, though not nearly so low as on 80S. Milk energy yield was reduced by the higher proportion of concentrates but was unaffected by type of carbohydrates. Live-weight changes were small.In both the sheep, consuming at maintenance, and the lactating cows consuming at about 3 times maintenance, digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and energy was higher with the higher concentrate diets but was unaffected by type of concentrate. The digestibility of fibre was greater with the fibrous concentrates but the effect of level of concentrate inclusion was inconsistent. Digestibility coefficients were consistently lower for the lactating cows than for the sheep.The proportion of acetic acid in the rumen volatile fatty acids in the cows was higher and the proportion of propionic acid was lower with the fibrous concentrates. The differences were much greater with the higher proportion of concentrates.During weeks 15–22 of lactation the cows were reallocated to concentrate treatments and given hay ad libitum. Hay intake was about 1 kg/day higher with the fibrous concentrates but the difference was not significant. Hay intake fell by about 0·6 kg/kg concentrate intake for both concentrate types. No significant differences in milk yield or composition were established, probably because of incomplete adaptation even after 8 weeks.It is concluded that at concentrate intakes of about 10 kg/day, the source of carbohydrate in the concentrates has little effect on milk production when the concentrates are of similar ME concentration. However, at higher levels of concentrate inclusion, although the diets may have similar ME concentrations, important differences in the yields of fat, protein and lactose occur due to carbohydrate source and these can be related to differences in rumen fermentation.

EFFECTS OF LOW FLUCTUATING TEMPERATURES ON FARM ANIMALS.: III. INFLUENCE OF AMBIENT AIR TEMPERATURE ON FEED INTAKE OF LACTATING HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN COWS

1958 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. MacDonald ◽  
J. M. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Ambient Air Temperature ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Cent Level ◽  
Friesian Cows

This report presents effects of low temperatures on the feed consumption and efficiency of milk production of six mature, lactating, Holstein-Friesian cows that were confined in stanchions for three fortnightly experimental periods during which ambient temperatures measured in degree-hours per day (d-h/day) ranged from 110 to 1152 and daily minimum ambient air temperature (DMAAT) varied from 0° to 38°F. Applying results obtained, it was calculated that as temperatures decreased, i.e., d-h/day increased from 100 to 1200 and DMAAT decreased from 40° to 0°F, average daily intakes of total dry matter, hay, and gross and digestible Calories increased approximately 6.4 lb., 5.3 lb., 13 Therms and 9 Therms, respectively. Each of these increases was statistically significant at the 1 per cent level. Reductions in temperature also decreased gross and net caloric efficiencies of milk production approximately 10 and 8.5 per cent, respectively. These decreases were significant at the 2 per cent level. No correlation was evident between crude protein utilization and temperature.Results indicated that thermal stress was not overcome adequately by supplementary hay intake alone and that appetite stimulation by low temperatures had a carry-over effect continuing at least 24 hours. For continued efficient milk production during winters where low ambient temperatures are prevalent these results suggest it is necessary to provide some form of building insulation, ambient heat and/or provide a high energy supplement to otherwise adequate production rations.

The Effect of Level of Supplement Feeding and Source of Protein on Milk Production and Nutrient Flows of Dairy Cows

1994 ◽  
Vol 1994 ◽  
pp. 142-142
Author(s):  
F.P. O'Mara ◽  
J.J. Murphy ◽  
M. Rath
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Nutrient Flows ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Bacterial Marker ◽  
Friesian Cows

Milk protein synthesis may be limited by amino acid (AA) flow to the duodenum. This can be increased by increasing the flow of microbial AA's or undegraded feed AA's. This experiment was carried out to determine the effect on milk production and nutrient flows at the duodenum of including fishmeal (120g/kg) in the supplement to grass silage at two levels of supplement feeding.The treatments, arranged in a 2x2 factorial, were 1.) 3.5 kg/day of 0% fishmeal supplement (L-UDP), 2.) 7 kg/day of L-UDP, 3.) 3.5 kg/day of 12% fishmeal supplement (H-UDP), and 4.) 7 kg/day of H-UDP. Supplements were fed to 3 6 Friesian cows in a 4x4 multiple Latin-square trial with three week periods to determine production responses, and to four ruminally and duodenally cannulated cows to determine rumen fermentation and nutrient flows. Flows were determined by the dual marker technique of Faichney (1975) using cobalt-EDTA and ytterbium acetate as liquid and solid phase markers respectively. Purines were used as the bacterial marker (Zinn and Owens, 1986). Degradability of the feeds was measured in 3 other cows using the small bag technique described by De Boer et al. (1987).

Low-glucosinolate rapeseed meal as a protein source for milk production

1988 ◽  
Vol 1988 ◽  
pp. 76-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isobel Vincent ◽  
R. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Protein Supplement ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Group A ◽  
Additional Protein ◽  
Soyabean Meal ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Friesian Cows

Low-glucosinolate rapeseed meal (<20 μmol/g) is likely to replace the high-glucosinolate meal currently produced in the UK, and in this experiment the use of low-glucosinolate rapeseed meal (RSM) as the sole protein supplement in a compound feed for milk production in cows was assessed. There were three compound concentrate feeds of similar energy and protein content, 0% RSM (group A), 15% RSM (B) and 30% RSM (C). The additional protein in diets A and B was provided as soyabean meal (SBM).Eighteen Friesian cows were divided into three groups, balanced with regard to previous yield and number of lactations, and three weeks after calving were given one of the compound feeds in a 3x3 changeover experiment; each of the three feeding periods was four weeks. Barley meal was given as a parlour feed, 1 kg air dry at each milking, and the compound concentrate and grass silage were given at Broadbent-Calan gates in quantities related to expected milk yield.

Effect of timing of protein supplementation on the performance of lactating dairy cows

2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 337
Author(s):  
B. C. Granzin
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Grazing Dairy Cows ◽  
And Control ◽  
Friesian Cows

Two experiments were undertaken to determine the effect of timing of protein supplementation on performance of grazing, lactating Holstein–Friesian cows fed maize silage and grain-based concentrate. In experiment 1, 36 cows were fed 0.8 kg DM/day of solvent-extracted cottonseed meal (CSM) either as 1 meal at 1200 hours with maize silage (CSM 1200) or at 1530 hours with concentrate (CSM 1530), or in 2 meals at 0600 and 1530 hours with concentrate (CSM 600 + 1530). In experiment 2, 36 cows were either fed no CSM (control) or fed 1.0 kg DM/day as either CSM 1200 or CSM 600 + 1530. In experiment 1, daily yields of 4% fat-corrected milk (FCM) and milk fat for CSM 600 + 1530 were significantly higher than for CSM 1530 with respective means of 22.8 v. 20.7 L and 895 v. 804 g. Daily yields of FCM and milk fat for CSM 1200 were intermediate (21.7 L and 841 g/cow, respectively). A similar trend for daily protein yield per cow was noted (712, 695 and 666 g for CSM 600 + 1530, 1200 and 1530, respectively). In experiment 2, milk yield differed numerically between CSM 600 + 1530 and other treatments, with means (± s.e.d.) of 24.7 ± 0.78, 22.9 ± 0.78 and 22.9 ± 0.78 L/cow.day for CSM 600 + 1530, CSM 1200 and control, respectively. Mean (± s.e.d.) net energy requirements for milk production and liveweight change tended to be lower for the control (68 ± 3.6 MJ/cow.day) as opposed to CSM 600 + 1530 (79 ± 3.6 MJ/cow.day) and CSM 1200 (76 ± 3.6 MJ/cow.day). Cumulative time where rumen degradable nitrogen:rumen degradable dry matter was less than 22 g/kg were 2, 2 and 3 h for CSM 600 + 1530, CSM 1200 and CSM 1530, respectively, in experiment 1, and 6, 4 and 2 h for the control, 1200 and CSM 600 + 1530, respectively, in experiment 2. No differences in rumen ammonia-N concentrations were noted between treatments in experiment 1. In experiment 2, a significantly lower mean (± s.e.d.) rumen ammonia-N concentration was recorded for the control at 1530 hours (62 ± 14.1 mg/dL) in comparison to CSM 600 + 1530 (114 ± 14.1 mg/dL) and CSM 1200 (119 ± 14.1 mg/dL). These experiments show that for grazing dairy cows supplemented with maize silage and grain-based concentrate, feeding a daily aliquot of CSM as 2 meals at 0600 and 1530 hours rather than 1 meal at 1200 or 1530 hours improves milk production.

The effect of delaying the introduction of concentrates on the summer milk production of hay-fed dairy cows

1969 ◽  
Vol 9 (36) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
JC Radcliffe
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Percentage Composition ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Basal Ration ◽  
Friesian Cows

From November 23, 1965, concentrates were introduced successively at two-week intervals to five treatment groups of grade Friesian cows that were being fed a basal ration of cereal hay in the paddock. The yield of milk, butterfat, solids-not-fat, and protein rose significantly as the supplements were introduced but almost no significant effect of concentrate feeding was observed on the weekly percentage composition tests of the milk. A comparison of the total covariance corrected yield results for the experimental period from November 23, 1965, to March 15, 1966, showed that the group of cows receiving concentrates throughout produced 30 per cent more milk, and 29 per cent more solids-not-fat, but only 24 per cent more protein and butterfat than the group receiving concentrates from January 18, 1966. However, the additional milk production would be uneconomic where milk is purchased on a butterfat basis.

Digestibility and nitrogen balance in dairy cows given diets of grass silage and whole crop wheat

1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 ◽  
pp. 4-4
Author(s):  
J D Sutton ◽  
A L Abdalla ◽  
R H Phipps ◽  
S B Cammell ◽  
D J Humphries
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Friesian Cows

Whole crop wheat (WCW) appears to offer an attractive alternative forage to grass silage for dairy cows, particularly in those areas where maize silage cannot be grown. However in previous feeding trials the inclusion of WCW with grass silage has increased food intake but has not led to a corresponding increase in milk yield (Phipps et al,1993). As part of a programme to try to overcome the low efficiency of diets containing WCW, the present experiment was designed to examine the effects on feed intake and digestibility and milk production of the step-wise replacement of GS by urea-treated WCW.Winter wheat (cv Hussar), harvested at 620g DM/kg fresh weight and preserved with 20 or 40 g urea/kg DM (WCW-2, WCW-4) was compared with first-cut perennial ryegrass silage (GS). Six multiparous Holstein-Friesian cows in mid-lactation were offered six diets over three 4-week periods in an incomplete change-over design. Diets were 6kg DM concentrates daily with forages ad lib. Treatments (DM basis) were GS alone, 2:1 GS:WCW-2 or WCW-4, 1:2 GS: WCW-2 or WCW-4, and WCW-4 alone. Feed intake and milk production were measured in weeks 3 and 4 and digestibility in week 4.

Intake and milk production responses to legume silages offered to Holstein-Friesian cows

2000 ◽  
Vol 2000 ◽  
pp. 11-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Dewhurst ◽  
D. W. R. Davies ◽  
W. J. Fisher ◽  
J. Bertilsson ◽  
R. J. Wilkins
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Considerable Potential ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Legume Breeding ◽  
Conservation Technology ◽  
Agenda 2000 ◽  
Friesian Cows

Earlier work showed that red clover silage has considerable potential for milk production (e.g. Thomas et al., 1985), though low digestibility and difficulties ensiling clovers were seen as problems that needed to be addressed. Advances in legume breeding and conservation technology as well as a renewed emphasis on extensive organic production systems within Agenda 2000 meant that it was timely to reconsider the potential of legume silages for milk production.

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