scholarly journals The inherent value of design research for industry: An impact case study using low-cost 3D printing for high-value commercial products

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blair Kuys ◽  
◽  
Mark Strachan
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Commercial Products ◽  
Inherent Value

Complex optical elements for scanning helium microscopy through 3D printing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Bergin ◽  
Thomas Myles ◽  
Aleksandar Radić ◽  
Christopher Hatchwell ◽  
Sam Lambrick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Multiple Scattering ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Optical Element ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Background Signal ◽  
Optical Elements ◽  
Cost Components

Abstract Developing the next generation of scanning helium microscopes requires the fabrication of optical elements with complex internal geometries. We show that resin stereolithography (SLA) 3D printing produces low-cost components with the requisite convoluted structures whilst achieving the required vacuum properties, even without in situ baking. As a case study, a redesigned pinhole plate optical element of an existing scanning helium microscope was fabricated using SLA 3D printing. In comparison to the original machined component, the new optical element minimised the key sources of background signal, in particular multiple scattering and the secondary effusive beam.

scholarly journals Renewing Materials: 3D Printing and Distributed Recycling Disrupting Samoa's Plastic Waste Stream

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Lionel Taito-Taaalii Matamua
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Participatory Design ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Waste Stream ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
The Arts ◽  
3D Printed

<p>This research addresses the serious issue of plastic waste in the Pacific. Using Samoa as a case study, we hypothesise that distributed recycling combined with 3D printing offers an opportunity to re-purpose and add new value to this difficult waste stream. It is also an opportunity to engage diverse local communities in Samoa by combining notions of participatory design, maker-spaces and ‘wikis’ of parts with traditional Samoan social concepts such as ‘Fa’a Samoa’, or ‘the Samoan way’ and sense of community.  The project seeks to explore creative and innovative solutions to re-purposing plastic waste via a range of design research methods. Field work in Samoa has established the scope of the issue through interviews with different stakeholders such as Government, waste management businesses, the arts and crafts community and education. The field work has also helped identify potential product areas and collaborative partners. The different types of plastic in the waste stream have been identified and material experiments such as plastic shredding and filament extrusion are underway using low cost open source processing equipment to transform plastic waste into usable 3D printing filament. From this filament, potential 3D printed end products are explored through a hands-on researching by making process.  The experiments inform the design of workable, economically viable, socially empowering and sustainable scenarios for re-purposing and up-cycling plastic waste; printed in the form of useful and culturally meaningful 3D printed objects, artifacts and products.Applications range from creating greater awareness of the issue by way of tourism and the Samoan notion of ‘mea alofa’ or ‘gifting’, through to functional utensils and parts. It is an opportunity to expand Samoa’s traditional forms of craft into new self-sustaining communities, maker-spaces and small scale local industries. The outputs of the initial project are intended to provoke discussion and invite participation in the implementation of these different scenarios of production.</p>

scholarly journals Design Optimisation for 3D printed SLM objects

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Stephen Tane Hill
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Selective Laser Melting ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Laser Melting ◽  
3D Printed

<p>A common misconception about additive manufacturing (3D printing) is that any shape can be made in any material at the press of a button. The reality is that each process and material requires distinct Computer Aided Design (CAD) files that need to be optimised to the physical limitations of the manufacturing process. This optimisation process can have significant effects on the designer’s aesthetic intentions. Selective Laser Melting (SLM) is the new benchmark for functional 3D printed titanium designs where the optimisation process plays an important role in the outcome of the end product. The limitations imposed by the manufacturing process include build support material, heat transfer and post processing and designs are required to be optimised before the manufacturing process can commence. To date, case studies written on the SLM process have focused largely on engineering and functional applications in particular within the medical industry. However; this process has not been extensively studied from a visual and aesthetic industrial design perspective. This research will gather specific knowledge about the technical limitations involved in the Selective Laser Melting process and explore through a case study approach how a designer s intentions can be maintained or even enhanced when using this technology. With greater understanding of the SLM technology, the optimisation process may further provide positive outcomes to the designer by saving time, money and waste.  This case study is built on an existing product design file as a base model. Refinements to the model were made based on findings from existing design research as well as digital and physical models. The existing design research was focused on challenges designers encounter using 3D printing technologies including SLM as well as the optimisation process. Models and design iterations were developed using Nigel Cross’s four step model of exploration, generation, evaluation and communication. By iteratively redesigning aspects of the model to conform to the SLM limitations, this study reviews opportunities for areas to reduce material without compromising the design intent.</p>

scholarly journals Renewing Materials: 3D Printing and Distributed Recycling Disrupting Samoa's Plastic Waste Stream

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Lionel Taito-Taaalii Matamua
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Participatory Design ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Waste Stream ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
The Arts ◽  
3D Printed

<p>This research addresses the serious issue of plastic waste in the Pacific. Using Samoa as a case study, we hypothesise that distributed recycling combined with 3D printing offers an opportunity to re-purpose and add new value to this difficult waste stream. It is also an opportunity to engage diverse local communities in Samoa by combining notions of participatory design, maker-spaces and ‘wikis’ of parts with traditional Samoan social concepts such as ‘Fa’a Samoa’, or ‘the Samoan way’ and sense of community.  The project seeks to explore creative and innovative solutions to re-purposing plastic waste via a range of design research methods. Field work in Samoa has established the scope of the issue through interviews with different stakeholders such as Government, waste management businesses, the arts and crafts community and education. The field work has also helped identify potential product areas and collaborative partners. The different types of plastic in the waste stream have been identified and material experiments such as plastic shredding and filament extrusion are underway using low cost open source processing equipment to transform plastic waste into usable 3D printing filament. From this filament, potential 3D printed end products are explored through a hands-on researching by making process.  The experiments inform the design of workable, economically viable, socially empowering and sustainable scenarios for re-purposing and up-cycling plastic waste; printed in the form of useful and culturally meaningful 3D printed objects, artifacts and products.Applications range from creating greater awareness of the issue by way of tourism and the Samoan notion of ‘mea alofa’ or ‘gifting’, through to functional utensils and parts. It is an opportunity to expand Samoa’s traditional forms of craft into new self-sustaining communities, maker-spaces and small scale local industries. The outputs of the initial project are intended to provoke discussion and invite participation in the implementation of these different scenarios of production.</p>

scholarly journals Design Optimisation for 3D printed SLM objects

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Stephen Tane Hill
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Selective Laser Melting ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Laser Melting ◽  
3D Printed

<p>A common misconception about additive manufacturing (3D printing) is that any shape can be made in any material at the press of a button. The reality is that each process and material requires distinct Computer Aided Design (CAD) files that need to be optimised to the physical limitations of the manufacturing process. This optimisation process can have significant effects on the designer’s aesthetic intentions. Selective Laser Melting (SLM) is the new benchmark for functional 3D printed titanium designs where the optimisation process plays an important role in the outcome of the end product. The limitations imposed by the manufacturing process include build support material, heat transfer and post processing and designs are required to be optimised before the manufacturing process can commence. To date, case studies written on the SLM process have focused largely on engineering and functional applications in particular within the medical industry. However; this process has not been extensively studied from a visual and aesthetic industrial design perspective. This research will gather specific knowledge about the technical limitations involved in the Selective Laser Melting process and explore through a case study approach how a designer s intentions can be maintained or even enhanced when using this technology. With greater understanding of the SLM technology, the optimisation process may further provide positive outcomes to the designer by saving time, money and waste.  This case study is built on an existing product design file as a base model. Refinements to the model were made based on findings from existing design research as well as digital and physical models. The existing design research was focused on challenges designers encounter using 3D printing technologies including SLM as well as the optimisation process. Models and design iterations were developed using Nigel Cross’s four step model of exploration, generation, evaluation and communication. By iteratively redesigning aspects of the model to conform to the SLM limitations, this study reviews opportunities for areas to reduce material without compromising the design intent.</p>

Open Source and Bridging the Digital Divide

2010 ◽  
pp. 24-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi L. Schnackenberg ◽  
Edwin S. Vega
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Digital Divide ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Commercial Products ◽  
Developing Nation ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Non Profit

This case study involves the adoption of new technologies by a developing nation. The leader of the country, in consultation with an advisory non-profit agency must weigh the benefits and drawbacks of commercial products versus open source/low-cost options. He must also consider ways of remaining sensitive to cultural traditions and norms when introducing these new innovations.

scholarly journals An Evaluation View of an Ensemble Artefact for Decision Support using Action Design Research

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale MacKrell ◽  
Craig McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Business Intelligence ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Action Design Research ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Not For Profit ◽  
Research Outcomes ◽  
Student Teams

This paper investigates the integration of content, context and process (CCP) into the Action Design Research (ADR) framework to account for the interplay of organisational issues in artefact design and development. The investigation is conducted through a case study in which successive ICT student teams incrementally build, over several semesters, a tailored, low cost business intelligence (BI) system as an ensemble artefact for an organisation in the not-for-profit (NFP) sector. During project development, CCP’s human-centred approach to evaluation complements ADR’s more prescribed technology-driven software testing. The integration of CCP into ADR as an evaluation view offers an holistic approach to assessing an ensemble artefact. The resultant conceptual framework is presented as a model with an explication of unexpected design and research outcomes. 

Social Design for Services Framework

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie SARANTOU ◽  
Satu MIETTINEN
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Research Group ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Service Design ◽  
Social Design ◽  
Practical Action ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World

This paper addresses the fields of social and service design in development contexts, practice-based and constructive design research. A framework for social design for services will be explored through the survey of existing literature, specifically by drawing on eight doctoral theses that were produced by the World Design research group. The work of World Design researcher-designers was guided by a strong ethos of social and service design for development in marginalised communities. The paper also draws on a case study in Namibia and South Africa titled ‘My Dream World’. This case study presents a good example of how the social design for services framework functions in practice during experimentation and research in the field. The social design for services framework transfers the World Design group’s research results into practical action, providing a tool for the facilitation of design and research processes for sustainable development in marginal contexts.

Low Temperature Fault Isolation Using Soft Defect Localization

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristopher D. Staller
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Fault Isolation ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Cold Temperature ◽  
Multiple Point ◽  
Defect Localization ◽  
Low Levels

Abstract Cold temperature failures are often difficult to resolve, especially those at extreme low levels (&lt; -40°C). Momentary application of chill spray can confirm the failure mode, but is impractical during photoemission microscopy (PEM), laser scanning microscopy (LSM), and multiple point microprobing. This paper will examine relatively low-cost cold temperature systems that can hold samples at steady state extreme low temperatures and describe a case study where a cold temperature stage was combined with LSM soft defect localization (SDL) to rapidly identify the cause of a complex cold temperature failure mechanism.

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