International Norms and Local Design Research: ICSID and the Promotion of Industrial Design in Latin America, 1970 - 1979

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tania Messell ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Industrial Design ◽  
International Norms

Design practices

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik BOHEMIA ◽  
Noémi ZAJZON ◽  
Sharon PRENDEVILLE
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Industrial Design ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Ethnographic Methods ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
The Past ◽  
Design Practices

Design practices inherently cope with meaning making, but the semiotic notion of sense seems to be misled. Despite the evolution of Industrial Design over the past years, design research has been widely criticized for its groundlessness. In 2009, we proposed theoretical frameworks to overcome the absence of specific foundations to support empirical research in design semiotics. Funded by Whirlpool Latin America in partnership with Fapemig (2010-2012), such frameworks were built on ethnographic methods and had their assumptions empirically tested. The results showed that carrying out theoretical and empirical research simultaneously is epistemologically effective. In 2013, a theoretical-empirical phase started, yet several issues remain unclear. Some theoretical advancements have been achieved, such as The Trefoil Model, but now there is a need to face further questions, such as: How to cope with evidence in field research within design semiotics? Are we taking on the development of a Theory of Design Consequences?

TCS in Action

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-58
Author(s):  
Alison Chappell
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
South China ◽  
Management System ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Industrial Design ◽  
New Products ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Design Management ◽  
Improved Design

UK houseware product suppliers Cannie plc and Brunei University's Design Research Centre established a TCS Programme in 1994. Its objective was to develop an improved design management system for Cannie, at the same time developing several new products over a two-year period. Young graduates taking part in the TCS are eligible to compete for an annual Scholarship giving the opportunity to visit Hong Kong and South China for up to six weeks. The author, an Industrial Design graduate taking part in the Cannie plc TCS, was the winner of a Scholarship that took place in April 1997. She discusses the objectives, achievements and benefits of a trip taken at such a poignant time in the former British colony's history.

scholarly journals ENGINEERING DESIGN VS. ARTISTIC DESIGN – A DISCUSSION

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Ernst Eder
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Design ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Industrial Design ◽  
Design Science ◽  
Design Engineering ◽  
Design Processes ◽  
Case Examples ◽  
Engineering Sciences ◽  
Technical Systems ◽  
Industrial Designers

‘Design’ can be a noun, or a verb. Six paths for research into engineering design (as verb) are identified, they must be co-ordinated for internal consistency and plausibility. Design Research tries to clarify design processes and their underlying theories – designing in general, and particular forms, e.g. design engineering. Theories are a basis for deriving theory- based design methods. Design engineering and artistic forms of designing, industrial design, have much in common, but also differences. For an attractive and user-friendly product, its form (observable shape) is important – a task for industrial designers, architects, etc. ‘Conceptualizing’ consists of preliminary sketches, a direct entry to hardware – industrial designers work ‘outside inwards’. For a product that should work and fulfill a purpose, perform a transformation process, its functioning and operation are important – a task for engineering designers. Anticipating and analyzing a capability for operation is a role of the engineering sciences. The outcome of design engineering is a set of manufacturing instructions, and analytical verification of anticipated performance. Design engineering is more constrained than industrial design, but in contrast has available a theory of technical systems and its associated engineering design science, with several abstract models and representations of structures. Engineering designers tend to be primary for technical systems, and their operational and manufacturing processes – they work ‘inside outwards’. Hubka’s theory, and consequently design metho- dology, includes consideration of tasks of a technical system, typical life cycle, duty cycle, classes of properties (and requirements), mode of action, development in time, and other items of interest for engineering design processes. Hubka’s methodology is demonstrated by several case examples.

scholarly journals Engineering and Industrial Design: An Integrated Interdisciplinary Design Theory

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander N. Brezing ◽  
Manuel Lo¨wer
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Design ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Design Theory ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Industrial Design ◽  
Product Model ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Interdisciplinary Design ◽  
Industrial Designers ◽  
The One

It is generally accepted that superior products result from a balanced consideration of both “technology” and “aesthetic design”. Nonetheless, the gap between the two professions of the “design engineer” and the “industrial designer” has not been bridged since their origination in the course of industrialization [7]. One possible approach to enhance the collaboration of both disciplines is to teach the basics of the respective other’s. In Germany, the main work following this approach of trying to prepare engineers for design collaborations is the VDI guideline 2424 (“The Industrial Design Process”) [21], which was worked out and released in three parts from 1984 to 1988 by a group of engineering design researchers and industrial designers. As no accepted industrial design theory could be identified at that time, the authors of the guideline tried to apply some of engineering design methodology’s proven methods taken from the VDI guideline 2221 [19] that seemed to fit to industrial design. That approach ultimately failed, as the authors of the guideline had to conclude themselves in the opening remarks of its last part [21]. Even if the guideline is still officially in use for the lack of a replacement, it is hardly used in engineering education. Since then however, accepted theoretical approaches have been produced by industrial design research that allow for the definition of an interdisciplinary theory on product development. This paper introduces these approaches and arranges them together with models of engineering design methodology to serve as a basis for a design theory that explains both domains’ competences and responsibilities. A function-oriented product model is set up that illustrates existing interdependencies by classifying a technical product/project according to the relative importance of its technical function (engineering’s competence) on the one hand and its semiotic functions (industrial design’s competence) on the other. The realization of industrial design’s competence as signification and the organization of its devices according to the model of semiotic functions explain existing organizational problems of interdisciplinary design practice. It is demonstrated why industrial design cannot proceed according a purely technical design process such as the one defined in the VDI guideline 2221 and what implications that has on interdisciplinary design projects.

scholarly journals Análisis de los Ambientes virtuales para el diseño de una propuesta de interfase que sirva como herramienta en el desarrollo de proyectos de investigación

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Gerson Urbina Pérez ◽  
Josué Deniss Rojas Aragón ◽  
Omar Eduardo Sánchez Estrada
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Industrial Design ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Digital Tools ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Design Representation ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Community Of Researchers

In the context of public and private universities, research in Industrial Design has not excelled at the level of other disciplines, in the particular case of the Autonomous University of the State of Mexico and its schools where the Industrial Design course is taught: Toluca, Zumpango and Valle de Chalco, the research area is below the institutional standards and other disciplines (UAEMéx University Statistics Agenda, 2015). According to the statistics of several accredited, certified and recognized evaluating bodies for the Industrial Design Area in Mexico, such as the ANUIES, CIEES and COMAPROD, among the factors that most influence not to improve the performance of design research are: the lack of an organized research process; lack of digital tools for resource management; and ignorance of the research process. Among several researchers on the subject, highlight the contributions of Margolin (2005) mentions that one of the particular challenges facing the community of researchers on design is to accept and include specialists who are located within different disciplinary traditions, this does not allow to follow advancing in finding new forms of design representation, so the area remains submerged in projects, forms and aspects already existing when trying to design new objects, without generating greater contributions / contributions to the design and much less to the research process .

Colonies, semi-sovereigns, and great powers: IGO membership debates and the transition of the international system

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 278-298
Author(s):  
Ellen J. Ravndal
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
International System ◽  
Transition States ◽  
International Norms ◽  
Great Powers ◽  
Great Power ◽  
Sovereign State ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sovereign Equality

AbstractHow did the transition from a world of empire to a global international system organised around the sovereign state play out? This article traces the transition over the past two centuries through an examination of membership debates in two prominent intergovernmental organisations (IGOs). IGOs are sites of contestation that play a role in the constitution of the international system. Discussions within IGOs reflect and shape broader international norms, and are one mechanism through which the international system determines questions of membership and attendant rights and obligations. The article reveals that IGO membership policies during this period reflected different compromises between the three competing principles of great power privilege, the ‘standard of civilisation’, and universal sovereign equality. The article contributes to Global IR as it confirms that non-Western agency was crucial in bringing about this transition. States in Africa, Asia, and Latin America championed the adoption of the sovereignty criterion. In this, paradoxically, one of the core constitutional norms of the ‘European’ international system – the principle of sovereign equality – was realised at the hands of non-European actors.

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