scholarly journals Indicators of exhaustion and stress markers in endurance horses

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (07) ◽  
pp. 6545-2021
Author(s):  
STEFAN DJOKOVIĆ ◽  
LAZAR MARKOVIĆ ◽  
VLADAN DJERMANOVIĆ ◽  
RUŽICA TRAILOVIĆ
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Stress Reaction ◽  
High Heart Rate ◽  
Physical Effort ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Prolonged Training ◽  
Laboratory Examinations ◽  
Bad Weather

Prolonged training and physical effort in endurance horses can influence the performance of the endurance horses negatively. The negative impact of the event is especially noticeable if venues are demanding, i.e. bad weather conditions or demanding grounds, high altitude and especially in cases of insufficiently fit horses. One of the most important factors that influence equine performance is abundance of oxygen in the blood, which is directly related to the air oxygen content and changes with atmospheric pressure, so that high altitude and low air pressure demand additional work from horses and accelerate fatigue. The authors goal was to investigate the influence of workload in endurance racing on sport horse organism. A total of 18 trained and competing endurance horses enrolled in a 60 km long endurance race organized on Zlatibor Mountain were included in our survey. Due to the difficult track 8 horses were disqualified due to lameness, and high heart rate and respiration. Only 10 horses completed the race and these animals were submitted to basic physical, clinical and laboratory examinations, in order to evaluate fatigue and stress reaction in endurance horses in Serbia. Results of the clinical and laboratory testing obtained show significant changes in all parameters evaluated which we attributed to physical effort in all 10 horses that finished the race in comparison with the values obtained before the race. In conclusion, 10 horses finished the race and were tested, and they indicated significant alterations in physiological parameters showing stress reaction. The evaluated parameters decreased into physiological interval values during the 5 days following the race.

Weather, Voter Turnout and Partisan Effects in Korea, 1995–1999

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 507-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junhan Lee ◽  
Wonjae Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Voter Turnout ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Minor Parties ◽  
Inclement Weather ◽  
Electoral Outcomes ◽  
Bad Weather

Weather conditions have long been considered as a major factor that affects voter turnout. Does inclement weather suppress voter turnout? If so, which party would benefit from lower voter turnout caused by bad weather conditions? Since voter turnout has an impact on electoral outcomes in many countries, including Korea, addressing these questions is essential for better understanding of voter turnout and electoral outcomes. This paper examines the weather-turnout theory using 146 by-elections held in Korea between 1995 and 1999. The results show that, all else being constant, inclement weather reduces voter turnout, implying that it may benefit right-wing or major parties rather than left-wing or minor parties through its negative impact on voter turnout.

scholarly journals INTERPRETASI CITRA RADAR (RADIO DETECTION AND RANGING) DOPPLER BMKG (BADAN METEOROLOGI KLIMATOLOGI DAN GEOFISIKA) PEKANBARU DALAM MEMPREDIKSI CURAH HUJAN DI KOTA PEKANBARU

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
Dini Aprianti ◽  
Arysthya Ardhitama ◽  
Yulia Fitri
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Doppler Radar ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Image Interpretation ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Homogeneity Test ◽  
Rain Gauges ◽  
Radio Detection ◽  
Radar Imagery ◽  
Bad Weather

In a study of Indonesia is located in the geographic equator. Because of the location of Indonesia became the country's tropical climate, which is marked with rainfall almost throughout the year occur with a high enough intensity. The negative impact of high rainfall that flooded, because the volume of water will overflow and uncontrolled. To measure the amount of rainfall in an area used rain gauges infernal surface manual and automatic. However, rain gauges and automatic manual still has the disadvantage that it can not predict what happens next. Radar imagery is one of the modern gauges and able to provide more accurate data. The radar also can detect the intensity of rainfall in bad weather conditions such as rain storms, floods, tornadoes and lightning. So from the description above, rainfall predictions will be verified from the results of the Doppler radar image interpretation with rain gauges located in Pekanbaru BMKG based on observational data were analyzed with a test statiskit MAE test, degree of homogeneity, and the value of the correlation coefficient. Based on the test results Statistics. Such as: MAE test, Correlation Coefficient and Homogeneity Test, the radar is able to predict the rainfall in Pekanbaru correctly.

CNN-based Rain Reduction in Street View Images

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-81
Author(s):  
Simone Zini ◽  
Simone Bianco ◽  
Raimondo Schettini
Keyword(s):  
Character Recognition ◽  
Optical Character Recognition ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Specific Interest ◽  
Optical Character ◽  
Street View ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Bad Weather ◽  
Detection And Recognition

Rain removal from pictures taken under bad weather conditions is a challenging task that aims to improve the overall quality and visibility of a scene. The enhanced images usually constitute the input for subsequent Computer Vision tasks such as detection and classification. In this paper, we present a Convolutional Neural Network, based on the Pix2Pix model, for rain streaks removal from images, with specific interest in evaluating the results of the processing operation with respect to the Optical Character Recognition (OCR) task. In particular, we present a way to generate a rainy version of the Street View Text Dataset (R-SVTD) for "text detection and recognition" evaluation in bad weather conditions. Experimental results on this dataset show that our model is able to outperform the state of the art in terms of two commonly used image quality metrics, and that it is capable to improve the performances of an OCR model to detect and recognise text in the wild.

Determination of the flight trajectory in terms of emission and fuel consumption minimization

2021 ◽  
pp. 095441002110122
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Pawlak ◽  
Michał Kuźniar ◽  
Andrzej R. Majka
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Air Transport ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Horizontal Flight ◽  
Pollutants Emission ◽  
Aircraft Trajectory ◽  
Air Speed ◽  
Constant Altitude

The present-day world is characterized by the intense development of air transport. However, along with it, significant problems appear. Among these problems, the most important are those relating to safety and negative impact of air transport on the environment. Air transport efficiency and profitability issues, although not critical, must also be taken into account because they decide about the intensity of development of this branch of transport. There are currently two large programs in Europe oriented at improving safety, environmental, and efficiency indicators. These are SESAR 2020 and Clean Sky 2, being a continuation of previous ones. One of the ways to reduce negative impact of air transport on the environment and improve its efficiency is to reduce fuel consumption and pollutants emissions resulting from fuel combustion. To find solutions with the abovementioned features, it is necessary to have sufficiently accurate models to estimate the amount of fuel consumed and the amount of pollutants emitted. Developing a sufficiently accurate model to determine fuel consumption and pollutants emission was performed. Due to the specificity of the missions carried out by passenger aircraft, the focus was on the cruise stage when aircraft flies at a constant altitude with a constant air speed. The result of the analysis was the development of methodology for fuel consumption and emission of main pollutants in cruise conditions. Specific fuel consumption is calculated for the thrust required for horizontal flight at cruising altitude. Emission indexes for CO, NOx, HC, and CO2 for the cruise have been determined based on known indexes for the landing and take-off cycle phase, after applying appropriate corrections. An illustration of the application of the developed methodology was the optimization of a medium-sized transport aircraft trajectory on a selected connection to determine a trajectory characterized by a minimum emission value taking into account weather conditions.

Weather effects on intrahabitat movements of the western green lizard, Lacerta bilineata (Daudin, 1802), at its northern distribution range border: a radio-tracking study

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (10) ◽  
pp. 1831-1839 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Sound ◽  
M Veith
Keyword(s):  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Strong Dependence ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Distribution Range ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Northern Distribution ◽  
Radio Transmitters ◽  
Movement Parameters ◽  
Bad Weather

Daily activity patterns of male western green lizards, Lacerta bilineata (Daudin, 1802), at the edge of their northern distribution range in western Germany after the breeding season from June to October were recorded using implanted radio transmitters. Different activity indices discriminating between stimulation, duration, and length of movement were correlated with actual weather conditions (d0) and with weather conditions on the 2 previous days (d-1 and d-2). The lizards' dependence on weather showed two different phases throughout the study period. During the first period and in the period preceding a drastic change of weather in midsummer, weather had no significant influence on movement parameters. After that event, temperatures dropped and a strong dependence on weather of all movement parameters except those indicating displacements became apparent. Thresholds for 50% activity during this second phase were a maximum temperature of 17°C and a minimum humidity of 35%. Two days after periods of bad weather, the influence of weather conditions increased again. This can be explained by physiological deficits that require compensation during the period of marginal weather conditions prior to hibernation. Displacement movements were significantly longer than home-range movements and were neither triggered nor modulated by the weather. They must therefore represent activities such as patrolling territory boundaries.

Short-term scheduling problem in smart grid considering reliability improvement in bad weather conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2521-2533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Babak Yousefi-khangah ◽  
Saeid Ghassemzadeh ◽  
Seyed Hossein Hosseini ◽  
Behnam Mohammadi-Ivatloo
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Scheduling Problem ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Reliability Improvement ◽  
Bad Weather

Meteorological study for Gangotri Glacier and its comparison with other high altitude meteorological stations in central Himalayan region

2007 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pratap Singh ◽  
Umesh K. Haritashya ◽  
Naresh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Meteorological Station ◽  
Himalayan Region ◽  
Valley Wind ◽  
Maximum Rainfall ◽  
Garhwal Himalayas ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Gangotri Glacier

In spite of the vital role of high altitude climatology in melting of snow and glaciers, retreat or advancement of glaciers, flash floods, erosion and sediment transport, etc., weather conditions are not much studied for the high altitude regions of Himalayas. In this study, a comprehensive meteorological analysis has been made for the Gangotri Meteorological Station (Bhagirathi Valley, Garhwal Himalayas) using data observed for four consecutive melt seasons (2000–2003) covering a period from May to October for each year. The collected meteorological data includes rainfall, temperature, wind speed and direction, relative humidity, sunshine hours and evaporation. The results and their distribution over the different melt seasons were compared with available meteorological records for Dokriani Meteorological Station (Dingad Valley, Garhwal Himalayas) and Pyramid Meteorological Station (Khumbu Valley, Nepal Himalayas). The magnitude and distribution of temperature were found to be similar for different Himalayan regions, while rainfall varied from region to region. The influence of the monsoon was meagre on the rainfall in these areas. July was recorded to be the warmest month for all the regions and, in general, August had the maximum rainfall. For all the stations, daytime up-valley wind speeds were 3 to 4 times stronger than the nighttime down-valley wind speeds. It was found that the Gangotri Glacier area experienced relatively low humidity and high evaporation rates as compared to other parts of the Himalayas. Such analysis reveals the broad meteorological characteristics of the high altitude areas of the Central Himalayan region.

scholarly journals Risk Analysis and Management of Moored Ships in Ports

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliana V. Pinheiro ◽  
Conceição J. E. M. Fortes ◽  
João A. Santos
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Management ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Complete Information ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Modular System ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Sea Waves ◽  
Bad Weather ◽  
Port Areas

The risks associated with mooring of ships are a major concern for port and maritime authorities. Sea waves and extreme weather conditions can lead to excessive movements of vessels and mooring loads affecting the safety of ships, cargo, passengers, crew or port infrastructures. Normally, port activities such as ships’ approach manoeuvres and loading/unloading operations, are conditioned or suspended based solely on weather or wave forecasts, causing large economic losses. Nevertheless, it has been shown that some of the most hazardous events with moored ships happen on days with mild sea and wind conditions, being the culprit long waves and resonance phenomena. Bad weather conditions can be managed with an appropriate or reinforced mooring arrangement. A correct risk assessment must be based on the movements of the ship and on the mooring loads, taking into account all the moored ship’s system. In this paper, the development of a forecast and warning system based on the assessment of risks associated with moored ships in port areas, SWAMS ALERT, is detailed. This modular system can be scaled and adapted to any port, providing decision-makers with accurate and complete information on the behaviour of moored ships, movements and mooring loads, allowing a better planning and integrated management of port areas.

scholarly journals Sugarcane stems as larval habitat for the stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans) in sugarcane plantations

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 741-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo H.D. Cançado ◽  
Taciany Ferreira ◽  
Eliane M. Piranda ◽  
Cleber O. Soares
Keyword(s):  
Primary Source ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Larval Habitat ◽  
Stomoxys Calcitrans ◽  
Stable Fly ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Larval Habitats ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Bad Weather ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul

Outbreaks of stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans, cause losses for livestock producers located near sugarcane mills in Brazil, especially in southern Mato Grosso do Sul. The sugarcane mills are often pointed by local farmers as the primary source of these outbreaks; some mills also joined the farmers in combating the flies. Brazilian beef cattle production has great economic importance in similar level to bio-fuel production as ethanol. In this context, the wide-ranging knowledge on the biology and ecology of the stable fly, including larval habitats and their reproduction sites is extremely important for further development of control programs. This paper aims to report the occurrence and development of S. calcitrans larvae inside sugarcane stems in three municipalities of Mato Grosso do Sul. The sugarcane stems give protection against bad weather conditions and insecticide application. In this way, for sustainable sugarcane growth specific research concerning this situation should be conducted.

Modelling pavement temperature for winter maintenance operations

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 369-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aly Sherif ◽  
Yasser Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Statistical Modelling ◽  
Dew Point ◽  
Road Maintenance ◽  
Winter Maintenance ◽  
Pavement Surface ◽  
Pavement Temperature

Road and highway maintenance is vital for the safety of citizens and for enabling emergency and security services to perform their essential functions. Accumulation of snow and (or) ice on the pavement surface during the wintertime substantially increases the risk of road crashes and can have negative impact on the economy of the region. Recently, road maintenance engineers have used pavement surface temperature as a guide to the application of deicers. Stations for road weather information systems (RWIS) have been installed across Europe and North America to collect data that can be used to predict weather conditions such as air temperature. Modelling pavement surface temperature as a function of such weather conditions (air temperature, dew point, relative humidity, and wind speed) can provide an additional component that is essential for winter maintenance operations. This paper uses data collected by RWIS stations at the City of Ottawa to device a procedure that maximizes the use of a data batch containing complete, partially complete, and unusable data and to study the relationship between the pavement surface temperature and weather variables. Statistical models were developed, where stepwise regression was first applied to eliminate those variables whose estimated coefficients are not statistically significant. The remaining variables were further examined according to their contribution to the criterion of best fit and their physical relationships to each other to eliminate multicollinearities. The models were further corrected for the autocorrelation in their error structures. The final version of the developed models may then be used as a part of the decision-making process for winter maintenance operations.Key words: winter maintenance, pavement temperature, statistical modelling, RWIS.

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