scholarly journals Antimicrobialsusceptibilityof bacteria isolated from goats with subclinical mastitis in the Southern Marmara region of Turkey

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (05) ◽  
pp. 6527-2021
Author(s):  
Gulsen Goncagul
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Marmara Region ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Isolation Rate ◽  
Streptococcus Uberis

The mastitis of dairy goats is a disease of the economic importance worldwide and is mostly associated with bacterial infections. The aim of this study was to isolate the bacteriae causing subclinical mastitis, and determine to the susceptibility of some clinical isolates against several antimicrobial agents frequently used to control bacterial subclinical mastitis in dairy goats in the Southern Marmara Region. A total of 68 Saanen goats were used for this investigation and subclinical mastitis was determined by using California Mastitis Test. As a result of bacteriological analysis of milk samples, 30 different bacteria species have been identified and non-aureus staphylococci found to be the predominant bacteria species with the rate of 22.1%. The species with the highest isolation rate among the isolates were Escherichia coli (18.9%), Staphylococcus aureus (15.7%), Streptococcus agalactiae (14.2%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (7.9%). The antimicrobial susceptibility of the high isolation rate species including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus uberis, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus and Mannheimia haemolytica to twelve antibiotics were determined by disc diffusion method. Bacterial strains analyzed showed highest sensitivity to ofloxacin (87.9%) and followed by cefuroxime (85.8%) and cefazolin (83.6%). In conclusion, subclinical mastitis still remains a problem in dairy goats, and for the elimination of subclinical mastitis, besides protective measures, determination of the bacteriae causing mastitis and their antibiotic sensitivities should be priority.

scholarly journals Проблеми захворювань молочної залози та перспективи розробки нових протимаститних препаратів

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (82) ◽  
pp. 93-96
Author(s):  
I.M. Kushnir ◽  
S.D. Murska
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Streptococcus Dysgalactiae ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Streptococcus Uberis ◽  
The Creation

Mastitis (Mastitis) is a polyethiological disease, which in most cases (95‒98%) occurs and develops as a result of ingestion of pathogenic microflora in the udder tissue, in particular staphylococci, streptococci, E. coli etc. Diseases of the mammary gland of cows cause significant economic losses to farms of different forms of property, which consist in not getting milk, reducing its quality and crayfish cows, in the first place high-yielding. In addition, the use of milk from cows sick for mastitis threatens the health of people, which is unacceptable.Mastitis occur in both high-yielding and low-productive animals, both, during lactation and in the dry period, regardless of the period of the year. The most widespread, out of all the diseases registered in large dairy commodities, tribal and farms with different forms of ownership is mastitis. Cows most often suffer from mastitis in the first days of the postnatal period, or 10‒15 days after calving, as well as in the period of intense lactation.We emphasize that the creation of new and improved existing anti-mastics preparations, as a rule, are done through the development of multicomponent preparations, which include several active substances from different classes of chemical compounds, which must complement each other in the spectrum of antimicrobial activity.Owing to this, there is a need for advanced research on the creation of more effective anti-mastitis preparations, while those which would not leave residues in tissues and products.Taking into account all abovementioned, the microbiological studies were conducted on 29 samples of milk from cows suffering from clinical and subclinical mastitis in the detection of pathogens. In particular, it was found that for the clinical form of the mastitis, the most commonly isolated monoculture was Staphylococcus aureus (33.7%), Streptococcus agalactiae (29.4%), and in the association of Streptococcus agalactiae and Staphylococcus aureus (22.5%). In the subclinical form of mastitis, the following cultures were identified in the association: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus agalactiae and Streptococcus dysgalactiae (41.6%); Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Streptococcus agalactiae and Streptococcus uberis (30.4%) Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis (24.1%). 

scholarly journals Possibility of application of dodicin hydrochloride in prevention of mastitis in cows

2006 ◽  
Vol 60 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 207-221
Author(s):  
Svetlana Joksovic ◽  
Vitomir Cupic ◽  
Vera Katic
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Main Approach ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Streptococcus Uberis ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Outer Environment

The main approach to curbing mastitis is to prevent the entry of microorganisms from the outer environment into the mammary gland, which is achieved by the use of papilla disinfection following every time of milking. The objective of this work was to examine the antimicrobial activity of the disinfectant dodicin hydrochloride, in fact the preparation that contains this disinfectant (DESU? M), against bacteria, the most frequent causes of mastitis in cows. The efficacy of modified DESU? Mwas examined under laboratory conditions using the quantitative test against the following microorganisms: Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae and Streptococcus uberis, under the conditions in the field. The udders of an experimental group of 20 cows of the Holstein-Friesian breed were immersed in a solution of the modified preparation DESU ? M following every time of milking over a period of three months. In the second group of 10 cows of the Holstein-Friesian breed, marked as the control group, no disinfection was applied following the milkings. The preparation DESU? Mexhibited satisfactory antimicrobial efficacy against the most frequent causes (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae and Streptococcus uberis) of mastitis in cows under laboratory conditions. With the application of the preparation DESU? M, following every time of milking over a period of three months, the number of somatic cells was reduced by almost one half in comparison with their number at the start of the experiment. No residue of the modified preparation DESU ? M were found in any sample of milk from the experimental group of cows.

Absence of Bacterial Adherence in the Establishment of Experimental Mastitis in Mice

1978 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 770-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Alveolar Epithelium ◽  
Bacterial Adherence ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Suckling Mice

The possibility of adherence of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli or Streptococcus agalactiae to the epithelium of the mammary gland was investigated by inoculating them into this gland of mice. S. aureus, S. epidermidis and E. coli did not adhere to alveolar epithelium in suckling or non-suckling mice. S. agalactiae adhered to alveolar epithelium in non-suckling mice but adhesion was not sufficiently strong to withstand suckling. Bacterial adherence probably does not play a significant role in the establishment of mastitis by these organisms.

Influence of Addition of Newly Drawn Milk and Fluctuating Temperatures of Farm Bulk Tanks on Growth of Mastitis-Causing Bacteria

1986 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
HALIT H. OZ ◽  
R. J. FARNSWORTH
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Streptococcus Dysgalactiae ◽  
Enhancing Effect ◽  
Fresh Milk ◽  
Streptococcus Uberis ◽  
Bulk Tank ◽  
Fluctuating Temperatures

Effect of addition of newly drawn fresh milk of consecutive milkings on growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, and Streptococcus uberis in milk held at fluctuating temperatures of a farm bulk tank for 48 h was studied. There was a statistically insignificant effect of the addition of newly drawn fresh milk of consecutive milkings on the growth rate of S. aureus, S. epidermidis, S. agalactiae and S. uberis but there was a significant (p<0.001) growth enhancing effect on S. dysgalactiae. However, all the bacteria grew significantly (p< 0.001) in milk held at fluctuating temperatures of farm bulk tank for 48 h.

Bacteriocin ST91KM, produced by Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. macedonicus ST91KM, is a narrow-spectrum peptide active against bacteria associated with mastitis in dairy cattle

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 525-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reneé Pieterse ◽  
Svetoslav D. Todorov ◽  
Leon M.T. Dicks
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Streptococcus Dysgalactiae ◽  
Streptococcus Gallolyticus ◽  
Streptococcus Uberis ◽  
Sds Page

Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. macedonicus ST91KM produces a bacteriocin (macedocin ST91KM) active against Streptococcus agalactiae , Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae , Streptococcus uberis , Staphylococcus aureus , and Staphylococcus epidermidis . Macedocin ST91KM is, according to tricine-SDS PAGE, between 2.0 and 2.5 kDa in size. Antimicrobial activity remained unchanged after 2 h of incubation at pH 2.0–10.0 and after 100 min at 100 °C. The peptide was inactivated after 20 min at 121 °C and when treated with proteolytic enzymes. Treatment with α-amylase had no effect on activity, suggesting that the mode of action does not depend on glycosylation. Amplification of the genome of strain ST91KM with primers designed from the macedocin precursor gene (mcdA) produced 2 fragments (approximately 375 and 220 bp) instead of one 150-bp fragment, as recorded for macedocin produced by Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. macedonicus ACA-DC 198. Strain ACA-DC 198 was not available. However, DNA amplified from strain LMG 18488 (ACA-DC 206), genetically closely related to strain ACA-DC 198, revealed 99% homology to the mcdA of strain ACA-DC 198 (accession No. DQ835394). Macedocin ST91KM may thus be a second putative bacteriocin described for Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. macedonicus.

scholarly journals Efeito da mastite subclínica na produção de leite e seu tratamento na Unidade de Produção Allpachaka a 3.500 metros acima do nível do mar. Ayacucho. Peru / Effect of subclinical mastitis on dairy production and its treatment in the Allpachaka Production Unit at 3,500 meters above sea level. Ayacucho. Peru

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 2105-2125
Author(s):  
Jesús Javier Ñaccha Urbano
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Production Unit ◽  
Dairy Production ◽  
White Side

O presente trabalho de pesquisa foi realizado na Unidade de Produção Allpachaka a 3.500 msnm, propriedade da Universidade Nacional de San Cristóbal de Huamanga, localizada no distrito de Chiara, província de Huamanga e região de Ayacucho.O estudo incluiu a avaliação de 76 vacas em produção de leite usando o White Side Test modificado, detectando 27 vacas afetadas com mastite subclínica. Dos 304 quartos mamários avaliados, 196 foram negativos (64,47%) e 108 positivos (35,53%) em diversas graus de significância e qualificação.O índice médio de mastite subclínica foi de 1,35%, com grau moderado de infecção. O percentual de prevalência para os meses de janeiro, março, abril e maio foi de 3,95% e para os meses de fevereiro e junho foi de 7,89%. O delineamento do quadrado latino e a análise de variância foram estatisticamente significantes em relação aos tratamentos "metrimast", "pen strep" e "tara". O teste do qui-quadrado mostrou que os casos de mastite subclínica estão relacionados com a idade, período de lactação, produção de leite e posição dos quartos mamários.Os agentes etiológicos isolados em vacas com mastite subclínica foram bactérias: Staphylococcus aureus com 48,15%, Streptococcus agalactiae 29,63%, Escherichia coli 14,82%, Corynebacterium bovis 3,70% e Pseudomonas aeruginosa 3,70% e fungos ambientais.No teste de antibiograma, discos com antibióticos gentamicina, canamicina, estreptomicina, penicilina, eritromicina, cloranfenicol e bacitracina foram usados para avaliar a sensibilidade e resistência bacteriana.As perdas econômicas foram estimadas em 3,20% com uma emissão de leite de 2.365 litros em vacas afetadas com mastite subclínica, o que significa que o tratamento adequado e oportuno evitou um novo aumento nos casos de mastite.É necessário manter a produção leiteira e aumentar o valor nutricional com forragem verde, feno, silagem e ração concentrada, levando em consideração os temas de saúde animal e manejo pecuário.

scholarly journals Investigations of efficacy of intramammary applied antimicrobials and glucocorticosteroides in the treatment of subclinical and clinical mastitis in cows

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 15-27
Author(s):  
Slobodanka Vakanjac ◽  
Vojislav Pavlovic ◽  
Vladimir Magas ◽  
Milos Pavlovic ◽  
Miloje Djuric ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Prednisolone Acetate ◽  
Streptococcus Dysgalactiae ◽  
Procaine Penicillin ◽  
Streptococcus Uberis

Inflammation of the mammary gland, mastitis in cows, presents one of the most acute problems in intensive dairy production, inflicting huge economic losses. In the course of one year, 80 samples were taken at investigated farms from udder quarters of cows with clinical mastitis and 160 samples from udder quarters of cows with subclinical mastitis. The efficacy of three preparations, A, B, and C, was examined in the treatment of clinical and subclinical mastitis in cows. The investigations indicate that antibiotic preparation A (neomycin, polimixine B, oleandomycin and prednisolone) exhibited a greater efficacy in the treatment of clinical mastitis caused by Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Streptococcus uberis and Micrococcus sp., but a smaller efficacy in the treatment of subclinical mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Preparation B (amoxicillin, clavulanic acid and prednisolone) exhibited a higher efficacy in the treatment of clinical mastitis caused by Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Streptococcus uberis and Micrococcus, but a weaker effect in the treatment of subclinical mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Preparation C (procaine penicillin G, streptomycin, neomycin sulfate and prednisolone acetate) exihibited efficacy in the treatment of clinical and subclinical mastitis caused by Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Streptococcus uberis, Micrococcus, Staphylococcus aureus and Esherichie coli.

scholarly journals Impact of Subclinical Mastitis-causing Bacterial Species on the Composition and Chemical Properties of Milk

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarik Safak ◽  
Ali Risvanli ◽  
Zulal Ascı-Toraman
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

Background: Here we investigate whether the composition and some chemical properties of milk can correlate with bacterial species causing subclinical mastitis in cows. Methods: One hundred and eighty cows were used in the study. The California Mastitis Test (CMT) was applied to the selected cows. The cows were divided into four groups: cows with negative CMT (n = 45), the Escherichia coli (n = 45), Streptococcus agalactiae (n = 45) and Staphylococcus aureus (n = 45) groups. Result: Milk composition and some chemical properties were measured. The highest fat ratio (5.82±0.34%) was found in the Escherichia coli group (p less than 0.05). The proportions of solid-non-fat (9.67±0.09%), protein (3.51±0.03%), lactose (5.29±05%) and mineral matter (0.75±0.01%) were lowest in the Escherichia coli group (p less than 0.05). The electrical conductivity of milk was lowest in the CMT-negative group (4.23±0.02 mS/cm), while the Streptococcus agalactiae group had the highest value (4.61±0.02 mS/cm) (p less than 0.05). The specific gravity of the Escherichia coli group was lower than the CMT-negative (1,034.91±0.56 kg/m3) and Staphylococcus aureus (1,034.24±0.65 kg/m3) groups (p less than 0.05). Based on our findings, we propose that milk composition and some chemical parameters are altered in subclinical mastitis. However, these could not be standardized according to the responsible bacterial species. We recommend that these parameters are monitored regularly on dairy farms.

scholarly journals Distribution of Serotypes, Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Genes among Streptococcus agalactiae Isolated from Bovine in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhe Zhang ◽  
Feng Yang ◽  
Xin-pu Li ◽  
Jin-yin Luo ◽  
Long-hai Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

Background: Bovine mastitis, a global disease that is responsible for large economic losses each year due to lower milk yield and reduced milk quality. In some countries, especially in China, Streptococcus agalactiae has become one of the most frequently detected pathogen. Antibiotic treatment and vaccine immunization are important strategies for the control of infectious diseases. The main objective of the present study was to evaluate distribution of bovine mastitis pathogens and antimicrobial resistance of S. agalactiae, and contribute to the treatment of bovine mastitis.Materials, Methods & Results:Clinical mastitis samples (n= 1,122) were collected from 27 dairy farms located in 15 different provinces of China during 2012-2018. Thepathogens were identified by 16S rDNA method. Antimicrobial susceptibility was assessed by disc diffusion method. Molecular characteristics was distinguished based on PCR. The results showed that the main pathogens were Streptococcus agalactiae (n= 324, 26.2%), Escherichia coli (n= 287, 23.2%), and Staphylococcus aureus (n= 131, 10.6%). The serotypes of Streptococcus agalactiae were serotype II (53.6%), Ia (44 %) and VII (1.2%), respectively. Streptococcus agalactiae were resistant to kanamycin (93.8%), gentamicin (49.4%), vancomycin (49.4%), tetracycline (35.8%), clindamycin (34.6%) and erythromycin (32.1%). The main resistance genes were ermA (53.1%) and ermB (85.2%). Resistance to erythromycin was attributed to the genes ermA (P < 0.05) and resistance to tetracycline was attributed to the genes tetK, tetM, tetO (P < 0.01). The virulence genes scpB (81.4%), cyl (100%), glnA (76.6%), cfb (98.8%), hylB (98.8%), scaA (69.1%) were detected in almost all isolates.Discussion: In the present study, Streptococcus agalactiae, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were the pathogens isolated most frequently from clinical mastitis. In the case of S. agalactiae, we performed capsular serotyping of isolates. As a result, serotype II (53.6%), Ia (44 %) and VII (1.2%) were detected whichrevealed variation in the distinct geographical areas. We found that serotypes (Ia and II) and β-hemolytic have significant correlation (P < 0.01) in all isolated strains. We made an assumption that either in processes of capsular and haemolytic appearance effected the expression of another. The unclear mechanism remains to be resolved in the future. Penicillin was recommended as a preferred antibiotic for the treatment of both human and bovine S. agalactiae infection. In the present study, resistance to erythromycin and clindamycin were observed in 32% and 34.6% of our strains, respectively. The results indicated that the ermB gene was most frequent among the erythromycin-resistant S. agalactiae. However, we found that the susceptibility to erythromycin and gene ermA have a significant interaction, while susceptibility to erythromycin and gene ermB have a not significant interaction by analyzing the relationship of phenotypic and genotypic resistance. The severity of S. agalactiae infections may be determined by various virulence factors. Surface enzyme ScpB, a C5a peptidase, encode by scpB gene, could promote bacterial invasion of epithelial cells by attenuating recruitment of polymorphonuclear leukocytes to the site of infection. In the present study, the scpB gene was found in 81.4% of all strains. The results suggested the cyl, cfb, hylB and scpB genes may play an important role in the virulence of Streptococcus agalactiae pathogens.

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