scholarly journals Phylogenetic analysis of spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) identified in Poland

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (01) ◽  
pp. 6159-2019
Author(s):  
JOANNA MAJ-PALUCH ◽  
EWA BORZYM ◽  
MAREK MATRAS ◽  
MAGDALENA STACHNIK ◽  
MICHAŁ REICHERT
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
The United States ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence Analysis ◽  
Neighbor Joining ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Virus Isolates ◽  
Family Rhabdoviridae

Spring viremia of carp (SVC) is a disease caused by a virus belonging to the genus Vesiculovirus, family Rhabdoviridae. The SVC virus is divided into four genogroups, Ia, Ib, Ic, and Id, due to its geographical distribution. This study aimed to identify the genotype of the SVC virus circulating in Poland. Polish SVC virus isolates were propagated on EPC and FHM cell lines, and genetic material (RNA) was isolated. The virus was detected in test samples by reverse transcription, sequenced and analyzed using MEGA 6.06 software. The phylogenetic tree was constructed by the Neighbor-Joining method. The results of phylogenetic analysis revealed the presence of two genogroups of the SVC virus in Poland. Most of Polish isolates belonged to the genogroup Id, as do isolates AY196200 from the Czech Republic, Z37505 from Belgium and EF593149 from the United States. Only two Polish isolates from Silesian Voivodeship were more closely related to Chinese and US isolates belonging to the genogroup Ia. There were no isolates belonging to the genogroups Ib and Ic. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed certain point mutations between particular isolates. Knowledge on the genetic variants of the SVC virus circulating in Poland will be useful in epizootic investigations and preventive measures to protect Polish aquaculture from new variants from the neighboring countries

Norwalk-like Virus Sequences Detected by Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction in Mineral Waters Imported into or Bottled in Switzerland

2000 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
pp. 1576-1582 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHRISTIAN BEURET ◽  
DOROTHE KOHLER ◽  
THOMAS LÜTHI
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
Carbonic Acid ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mineral Waters ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence Analysis ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Norwalk-like viruses (NLVs) is a genus belonging to the Caliciviridae. NLVs are transmitted by the fecal-oral and the aerosol route and are the most common cause of outbreaks of nonbacterial gastroenteritis. NLVs are responsible for an estimated 67% of all illnesses caused by known foodborne pathogens and for 96% of nonbacterial gastroenteritis in the United States. Many outbreaks could be associated with the consumption of primarily or secondarily contaminated foods. To our knowledge, no epidemic arising from contaminated mineral water has been reported. We investigated the presence of NLV sequences in 63 mineral waters of 29 different brands that were imported into or bottled in Switzerland. NLV sequences were detected in 21 mineral waters by reverse transcription-seminested polymerase chain reaction. Specimens of two NLV genogroups (gg), gg I and gg II, were randomly present in the contaminated samples. The presence of NLV sequences could not be correlated either with bottle characteristics or with chemical properties like mineralization, pH, or the presence of carbonic acid. Nucleotide sequence analysis of 12 NLV-positive samples revealed several point mutations. All isolated NLV gg I strains have a similarity of 70 to 87% with the common Desert Shield virus (UO4469), and all isolated NLV gg II strains have a similarity of 89 to 93% with the Camberwell virus (U46500). Possible reasons for the presence of NLV sequences in mineral waters are discussed.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Resistance-Breaking Ability of Different Beet necrotic yellow vein virus Isolates Loaded into a Single Polymyxa betae Population in Soil

2011 ◽  
Vol 101 (6) ◽  
pp. 718-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathrin Bornemann ◽  
Mark Varrelmann
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
The United States ◽  
Yellow Vein ◽  
Polymyxa Betae ◽  
Type Isolate ◽  
Pathogenicity Factor ◽  
Vector Population ◽  
P Type ◽  
Virus Isolates

The genome of most Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) isolates is comprised of four RNAs. The ability of certain isolates to overcome Rz1-mediated resistance in sugar beet grown in the United States and Europe is associated with point mutations in the pathogenicity factor P25. When the virus is inoculated mechanically into sugar beet roots at high density, the ability depends on an alanine to valine substitution at P25 position 67. Increased aggressiveness is shown by BNYVV P type isolates, which carry an additional RNA species that encodes a second pathogenicity factor, P26. Direct comparison of aggressive isolates transmitted by the vector, Polymyxa betae, has been impossible due to varying population densities of the vector and other soilborne pathogens that interfere with BNYVV infection. Mechanical root inoculation and subsequent cultivation in soil that carried a virus-free P. betae population was used to load P. betae with three BNYVV isolates: a European A type isolate, an American A type isolate, and a P type isolate. Resistance tests demonstrated that changes in viral aggressiveness towards Rz1 cultivars were independent of the vector population. This method can be applied to the study of the synergism of BNYVV with other P. betae-transmitted viruses.

scholarly journals Genomic Characterization of Tilapia Lake Virus Isolates Recovered from Moribund Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) on a Farm in the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Shamim Ahasan ◽  
William Keleher ◽  
Cem Giray ◽  
Brenda Perry ◽  
Win Surachetpong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
The United States ◽  
Coding Sequences ◽  
Nile Tilapia Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Genomic Characterization ◽  
Virus Isolates

Here, we present the complete coding sequences of two tilapia lake virus (TiLV) isolates recovered during an investigation of a mortality event in farmed Nile tilapia in the United States. Phylogenetic analysis supported the isolates as each other’s closest relatives and members of a clade of Thai TiLV strains.

scholarly journals Genomic and Phylogenetic Analysis of Zika Virus Isolates from Asymptomatic Blood Donors in the United States and Puerto Rico, 2016

2020 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
pp. 880-883
Author(s):  
Felipe Lopes Assis ◽  
Emilia Sippert ◽  
Bruno Coelho Rocha ◽  
Evgeniya Volkova ◽  
Rafaelle Fares-Gusmao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
The United States ◽  
Virus Isolates

“Floating Melodies and Memories” of the Terezín Memorial

Transfers ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-141
Author(s):  
Chia-ling Lai
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
The United States ◽  
Concentration Camp ◽  
Dark Tourism ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Will To Live ◽  
Worldwide Phenomenon ◽  
The Will ◽  
Musical Heritage

As Andrea Huyssen observes, since the 1990s the preservation of Holocaust heritage has become a worldwide phenomenon, and this “difficult heritage” has also led to the rise of “dark tourism.” Neither as sensationally traumatic as Auschwitz’s termination concentration camp in Poland nor as aesthetic as the forms of many modern Jewish museums in Germany and the United States, the Terezín Memorial in the Czech Republic provides a different way to present memorials of atrocity: it juxtaposes the original deadly site with the musical heritage that shows the will to live.

Capturing the surge of public interest towards Hydroxychloroquine, Azithromycin and BCG vaccine during COVID-19 Pandemic (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shabbir Syed-Abdul ◽  
Shwetambara Malwade ◽  
Sim-Mei Choo
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Drug Effects ◽  
The United States ◽  
Bcg Vaccine ◽  
Public Interests ◽  
Treatment Regimes ◽  
Appropriate Treatment

UNSTRUCTURED The outbreak of COVID-19 that started in December 2019, was declared a pandemic in March 2020. Currently, there is no specific treatment recommended and healthcare providers are struggling to find appropriate treatment regimes. Medication misinformation spread through social media has caused panic situations and self-prescription leading to harmful drug effects. The situation worsened following false propaganda via social media, leading to shortage of some medications. Our study shows the frequency of search for the medications Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), Azithromycin and Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine in Google Trends, across 6 countries. Public interests from the United States, Italy and Spain leaned towards HCQ, whereas those from Taiwan, Japan and South Korea were keen towards learning about the BCG vaccine. Our article aimed to inform the general public of the adverse drug reactions to avoid self-prescription or yield to the assumptions of leaders and unanimous social media posts. Proactive participation and preventive measures such as social distancing, use of face masks and hand sanitizers are recommended to help curb COVID-19 and other infections.

scholarly journals Molecular record for the first authentication of Isaria cicadae from Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 711-718
Author(s):  
Thuan Duc Lao ◽  
Hanh Van Trinh ◽  
Loi Vuong ◽  
Luyen Tien Vu ◽  
Thuy Ai Huyen Le ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Neighbor Joining ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Parsimony Method ◽  
Maximum Parsimony Method ◽  
Cordyceps Cicadae ◽  
High Bootstrap

Abstract The entomopathogenic fungus T011, parasitizing on nymph of Cicada, collected in the coffee garden in Dak Lak Province, Vietnam, was preliminarily morphologically identified as Isaria cicadae, belonged to order Hypocreales and family Clavicipitaceae. To ensure the authenticity of T011, phylogenetic analysis of the concatenated set of multiple genes including ITS, nrLSU, nrSSU, Rpb1, and Tef1 was applied to support the identification. Genomic DNA was isolated from dried sample T011. The PCR assay sequencing was applied to amplify ITS, nrLSU, nrSSU, Rpb1, and Tef1 gene. For phylogenetic analysis, the concatenated data of both target gens were constructed with MEGAX with a 1,000 replicate bootstrap based on the neighbor-joining, maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony method. As the result, the concatenated data containing 62 sequences belonged to order Hypocreales, families Clavicipitaceae, and 2 outgroup sequences belonged to order Hypocreales, genus Verticillium. The phylogenetic analysis results indicated that T011 was accepted at subclade Cordyceps and significantly formed the monophyletic group with referent Cordyceps cicadae (Telemorph of Isaria cicadae) with high bootstrap value. The phylogenetically analyzed result was strongly supported by our morphological analysis described as the Isaria cicadae. In summary, phylogenetic analyses based on the concatenated dataset were successfully applied to strengthen the identification of T011 as Isaria cicadae.

scholarly journals Mechanism of Metronidazole Resistance inHelicobacter pylori: Comparison of the rdxA Gene Sequences in 30 Strains

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 2207-2210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Maggi Solcà ◽  
Marco Valerio Bernasconi ◽  
Jean-Claude Piffaretti
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Resistant Strain ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Housekeeping Genes ◽  
Amino Acid Substitutions ◽  
Metronidazole Resistance ◽  
Nucleotide Mutation ◽  
Nucleotide Insertion

ABSTRACT The rdxA gene of 30 independently isolatedHelicobacter pylori strains was sequenced. A comparison of the rdxA sequences revealed a higher percentage of amino acid substitutions in the corresponding protein than in other housekeeping genes. Out of 122 point mutations, 41 were missense and 4 were nonsense. A resistant strain with a nucleotide insertion in therdxA sequence was also found. With the exception of the point mutations and the insertion generating a stop signal, no particular nucleotide mutation or amino acid substitution could be associated to metronidazole resistance. Moreover, phylogenetic analysis of the 30 nucleotide sequences did not demonstrate specific clusters associated with the resistance phenotype.

scholarly journals Clinical isolates of Tritrichomonas foetus in bulls in Wyoming, South Dakota and Montana, USA

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yinzhu Jin ◽  
Aifang Du ◽  
Chaoqun Yao
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
South Dakota ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Domestic Cat ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Tritrichomonas Foetus ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Geographic Regions

Abstract Background Several Tritrichomonas species have been found in mammalian hosts. Among these trichomonads T. foetus is often found in the urogenital tract of cattle and the gastrointestinal tract of the domestic cat, resulting in sexually transmitted bovine trichomonosis and fecal-orally transmitted feline trichomonosis, respectively. The aims of the current study were to molecularly characterize clinical isolates of T. foetus in cattle populations in Wyoming, South Dakota, and Montana of the United States of America and to phylogenetically analyze Tritrichomonas species of mammalian hosts. Results DNA sequencing of rRNA genes showed over 99% identity of the newly described isolates to other bovine isolates. Further, T. foetus isolates of various mammalian hosts originated in different geographic regions worldwide were clustered into two well-defined clades by phylogenetic analysis of rRNA and cysteine protease 2 genes. Clade I consisted of isolates originated from cattle, pig, and human whereas clade II contained isolates of cat and dog. Conclusion It is concluded that all mammalian Tritrichomonas spp. apparently belong to T. foetus. Analysis of more sequences is warranted to support this conclusion.

Phylogenetic analysis of clinical mumps virus isolates from vaccinated and non-vaccinated patients with mumps during an outbreak, Switzerland 1998-2000

2004 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Utz ◽  
Jean-Luc Richard ◽  
Selja Capaul ◽  
Hans C. Matter ◽  
Meri Gorgievski Hrisoho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Mumps Virus ◽  
Virus Isolates
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