scholarly journals Efficiency of various systems of antiparasitic prophylaxis in a flock of sheep

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (11) ◽  
pp. 717-720
Author(s):  
Andrzej Junkuszew ◽  
Paulina Dudko ◽  
Tomasz M. Gruszecki ◽  
Wiktor Bojar ◽  
Michal Milerski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chemical Agent ◽  
Artemisia Absinthium ◽  
Plant Essential Oils ◽  
Group A ◽  
Animal Material

The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficiency of various methods of antiparasitic prophylaxis using a conventional chemical agent and a formulation containing plant essential oils. The animal material consisted of 139 mother ewes of two synthetic prolific meat lines: bcp and scp. During the whole experiment, the animals were kept in indoor management system with uniform environmental conditions. The experiment included ewes lambing within the period of 12 consecutive days. Using the results of coproscopic tests performed after lambing, the animals were randomised into three study groups: Group A - wormed with an albendazole-containing preparation (50 sheep), Group L - receiving a lick with antiparasitic essential oils (48 sheep) and Group C - control group, not wormed (41 sheep). Two antiparasitic agents were used. A chemical agent containing albendazole. The procedure was performed on day 35 after lambing, and the dose administered was 5 mg of the active substance per kg bw, which corresponded to 0.5 ml, orally, per 10 kg bw. A natural worming agent was administered in the form of licks containing essential oils of Thymus vulgaris, Allium sativum, Artemisia absinthium, Dryopteris filixmax, Tanacetum vulgare, Cucurbita pepo, Chenopodium ambrosioide, Inula helenium, Peumus boldo, Corallina rubens. The licks were made available to animals on day 21 after lambing. The experiment involved parasitologic tests aimed at the determination of estimated intensity (based of OPG and EPG data) and prevalence of invasions of gastrointestinal parasites in mother ewes. The study material was faeces collected from the rectum on the following dates: after lambing, and on day 28, 42, 56, 70 and 100 of lamb's life. The observations proved that the formulation based on natural plant ingredients had a beneficial influence on the reduction of prevalence of Eimeria and Capillaria. It was also shown that the albendazole-containing chemical preparation is highly efficient in reducing the prevalence of Trichostrongylidae, Nematodirus, as well as Capillaria.

Different selective dry cow therapy concepts compared to blanket antibiotic dry cow treatment

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (06) ◽  
pp. 343-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Wente ◽  
Jan-Hendrik Paduch ◽  
Doris Klocke ◽  
Elisabeth Mansion-de Vries ◽  
Martina Hoedemaker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Test ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Udder Health ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Right

SummaryObjective: The aim of the study was to investigate the use of somatic cell count (SCC) and aerobic bacterial counts as possible tools to choose animals for selective dry cow treatment (DCT) on cow level. Blanket antibiotic DCT is an approved and common method in Germany aimed at increasing the cure rate of existing intramammary infections (IMI) at the time of drying off and decreasing the risk of new infections during the dry period. However, not all animals benefit equally from an antibiotic DCT. Moreover, dairies, consumers and politicians demand a reduction in the use of antibiotics in farm animals. Several criteria for identifying animals which would benefit from antibiotic DCT have been described in the literature. Material and methods: Animals chosen for this investigation were divided into three study groups: Aerobic Count Petrifilm® group A (153 cows), SCC group S (160 cows) and control group C (169 cows). All quarters were treated with an internal teat sealant (ITS) no matter which group the cows belonged to. Results: Group C, in which all cows received an antibiotic DCT, achieved the best results referred to udder health, particularly regarding bacteriological dry period cure. However, the results of the two study groups A and S, in which the animals were dried off selectively, were only marginally worse. A significant difference regarding bacterial dry period cure was revealed between group S and group C (p = 0.039), whereas no significant difference concerning new IMI risk could be detected between the three study groups. Compared to a blanket antibiotic DCT of all cows in the corresponding study group, a reduction of the usage of antibiotics of 23.5 % (A) and 55 % (S) was noticed, respectively. Furthermore, it could be shown that the lactation number as well as the microorganisms present at the time of drying off influence udder health. Conclusion: Selective DCT is an alternative method to the widespread blanket antibiotic DCT. However, it has to be mentioned that selective DCT involves the described marginal decline in udder health and the additional amount of time, which might arise from the procedure of choosing the right animals and performing the applied rapid test methods.

scholarly journals Effect of plant essential oils on mortality of the stem nematode (Ditylenchus dipsaci)

2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 66-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Zouhar ◽  
O. Douda ◽  
D. Lhotský ◽  
R. Pavela
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Nematicidal Activity ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Aromatic Plants ◽  
Origanum Vulgare ◽  
Medicinal And Aromatic Plants ◽  
Plant Essential Oils ◽  
Nematode Management ◽  
Origanum Compactum ◽  
Ditylenchus Dipsaci

The aim of this study was to assess the nematicidal activity of different essential oils from medicinal and aromatic plants for use in nematode management. Essential oils of <I>Eugenia caryophyllata, Origanum compactum, Origanum vulgare, Thymus matschiana</I> and <I>Thymus vulgaris</I> showed nematicidal activity against <I>Ditylenchus dipsaci.</I>

Larvicidal activity ofBacillus thuringiensisvar.israelensisCry11Aa toxin againstHaemonchus contortus

Parasitology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 143 (12) ◽  
pp. 1665-1671 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANA PAULA DE SOUZA STORI DE LARA ◽  
LUCAS BIGOLIN LORENZON ◽  
ANA MUÑOZ VIANNA ◽  
FRANCISCO DENIS SOUZA SANTOS ◽  
LUCIANO SILVA PINTO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Control Group ◽  
E Coli ◽  
New Class ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Group A ◽  
Sheep Production

SUMMARYEffective control of gastrointestinal parasites is necessary in sheep production. The development of anthelmintics resistance is causing the available chemically based anthelmintics to become less effective. Biological control strategies present an alternative to this problem. In the current study, we tested the larvicidal effects ofBacillus thuringiensisvar.israelensisCry11Aa toxin againstHaemonchus contortuslarvae. Bacterial suspensions [2 × 108colony-forming units (CFU) g−1of the feces] ofB. thuringiensisvar.israelensisand recombinantEscherichia coliexpressing Cry11Aa toxin were added to naturallyH. contortusegg-contaminated feces. The larvae were quantified, and significant reductions of 62 and 81% (P< 0·001) were, respectively observed, compared with the control group. A 30 mL bacterial suspension (1 × 108CFU mL−1) ofB. thuringiensisvar.israelensisand recombinantE. coliexpressing Cry11Aa toxin were then orally administered to lambs naturally infected withH. contortus. Twelve hours after administration, feces were collected and submitted to coprocultures. Significant larvae reductions (P< 0·001) of 79 and 90% were observed respectively compared with the control group. The results suggest that the Cry11Aa toxin ofB. thuringiensisvar.israelensisis a promising new class of biological anthelmintics for treating sheep againstH. contortus.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Tamsulosin and Alfuzosin in Management of Distal Ureteral Stones

Med Phoenix ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-13
Author(s):  
Bimochan Piya ◽  
Abhishek Bhattarai
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Ureteral Stones ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Expulsion Rate ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Introduction: Urinary tract calculi are the most frequent condition in urology clinics worldwide. The overall prevalence is about 5 % and lower urinary tract stones account for 70% among them. Medical expulsive therapy has been used to treat distal ureteric stone as it reduces symptoms and facilitates stone expulsion. The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the efficacy of tamsulosin and alfuzosin as medical therapy in ureteric stones. Materials and Methods: A total of 87 patients with distal ureteral stones of size ≤10 mm were randomly divided into 3 groups. Group A patients (n-30) received 0.4 mg of tamsulosin daily, group B patients (n-29) received 10 mg of alfuzosin daily and group C patients (n-28) received 75 mg of diclofenac sodium. Patients in all groups received diclofenac sodium for one week and then as required. Follow-up was done on a weekly basis for 4 weeks. The stone expulsion rate, time for stone expulsion, and side-effects were recorded in each group. Results: The mean stone size (5.66, 5.79, 5.67) mm and age (29.1, 30.31, 29.4) were comparable in each group. The stone expulsion rate was 83.3%, 79.3%, and 50% in groups A, B, and C respectively.  It showed that both the study groups (Group A and Group B) were effective than the control group (p-value 0.006 and 0.02 respectively) but there was no difference between tamsulosin and alfuzosin (p-value 0.69). The duration of stone expulsion was 11.5 days, 11.8 days, and 17.3 days for Group A, B, and C respectively. The drugs related side effects reported by patients were mild and transient. Conclusion:  The use of tamsulosin and alfuzosin for the medical treatment of ureteric stones proved to be safe and effective and neither did have any significant benefits over the other.

scholarly journals Influence of dietary supplementation with a formulation containing essential oils from Origanum vulgare and Citrus spp. as a means of prevention against invasions of gastrointestinal parasites in sheep

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (11) ◽  
pp. 694-697
Author(s):  
Wiktor Bojar ◽  
Tomasz M. Gruszecki ◽  
Andrzej Junkuszew ◽  
Paulina Dudko ◽  
Monika Greguła-Kania ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Management System ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Origanum Vulgare ◽  
Genetic Traits ◽  
Study Material ◽  
Eimeria Spp ◽  
Citrus Spp

The aim of the study was to determine the efficiency of a formulation containing essential oils from Origanum vulgare (Lamiacea) and Citrus spp. (Citraceae) in limiting the prevalence and intensity of parasitic invasions in ewes kept in an indoor management system. The study material was a group of 222 mother ewes of Polish Lowland breed. During the entire experiment, the animals were kept in an indoor management system with uniform environmental conditions. On the basis of the parasitologic analysis, the flock was divided into three groups. All groups were uniform from the perspective of genetic traits, age and environmental conditions. The differentiating factor was the addition of a preparation containing essential oils from Origanum vulgare and Citrus spp. in the dose of 4 kg/ton of feed. Group 1 – control group, non-supplemented diet (74 mother ewes); Group 2 – supplemented diet from third month of pregnancy to lambing (73 mother ewes); Group 3 – supplemented diet from third month of pregnancy to weaning (75 mother ewes). The experiment involved parasitologic tests aimed at the determination of prevalence and intensity of invasions of gastrointestinal parasites in mother ewes. The study material was faeces collected from the rectum of mother ewes before the start of the experiment and on day 2, 28, 42, 56 and 70 after lambing. On the basis of the observations, it was shown that continuous use of the preparation during the whole experimental period had a beneficial impact on reducing the prevalence of invasions of Eimeria spp. and Capillaria. However, it must be stressed that both the prevalence and the intensity of parasitic invasions in the studied flock was relatively low, and so the use of such a preventive method was feasible.

scholarly journals Comparison of Ondansetron and Granisetron for prevention of PONV following elective LUCS

2009 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Raihan Uddin ◽  
Lutful Aziz ◽  
SN Samad Choudhury
Keyword(s):  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Spinal Anaesthesia ◽  
Postoperative Period ◽  
Elective Caesarean Section ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Early Postoperative Period ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Oral Ondansetron

The aim of the study was to compare the antiemetic effects of oral ondansetron (8mg) and granisectron (2mg) for prevention of PONV following elective caesarean section. Ninety parturients scheduled for elective caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia were randomly allocated into three groups. Group A (n=30) were received vitamin tab, group B (n=30) parturients were received oral ondansectron (8mg) & group C (n=30) parturients were received oral granisetron (2mg). Anesthetic procedure was common to all groups. Emetic episodes in early postoperative period (1st 24 hrs.) were recorded and compared in different study groups. Emetic episodes were observed in six parturients (20%) in group A (control), 3 parturients in group B (3%) and 3 parturients in group C (3%). So to conclude, minimal emetic episodes were observed in early postoperative period in parturients who had received ondensetron or granisetron than the control group. Keywords: LUCS, PONV, Ondansetron, and Granisetron. Journal of BSA, Vol. 20, No. 2, July 2007 p.61-65

scholarly journals In Vitro Antagonistic Effect of Gut Bacteriota Isolated from Indigenous Honey Bees and Essential Oils against Paenibacillus Larvae

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (18) ◽  
pp. 6736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslava Kačániová ◽  
Margarita Terentjeva ◽  
Jana Žiarovská ◽  
Przemysław Łukasz Kowalczewski
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Paenibacillus Larvae ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Plant Essential Oils ◽  
Microbial Groups ◽  
Selection Of

The aim of study was to isolate and identify the gut bacteria of Apis mellifera and to evaluate antagonistic effect of the bacteriota against Paenibacillus larvae, which causes American foulbrood (AFB) in honeybees. The dilution plating method was used for the quantification of selected microbial groups from digestive tract of bees, with an emphasis on the bacteriota of the bees’ intestines. Bacteria were identified using mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS Biotyper). Overall, five classes, 27 genera and 66 species of bacteria were identified. Genera Lactobacillus (10 species) and Bacillus (8 species) were the most abundant. Gram-negative bacteria were represented with 16 genera, whereas Gram-positive with 10 genera. Delftia acidovorans and Escherichia coli were the most abundant in the digestive tract of honey bee. Resistance to a selection of antimicrobials was assessed for the bacterial isolates from bee gut and confirmed against all antimicrobials included in the study, with the exception of cefepime. Lactobacillus spp., especially L. kunkeei, L. crispatus and L. acidophilus. showed the strongest antimicrobial activity against P. larvae, the causal pathogen of AFB. Antimicrobial activity of essential oils against isolated bacteria and two isolates of P. larvae were assessed. Application of a broad selection of plant essential oils indicated that Thymus vulgaris had the highest antimicrobial activity against P. larvae.

scholarly journals Learning Mathematics with Emerging Methodologies—The Escape Room as a Case Study

Mathematics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1586
Author(s):  
Arturo Fuentes-Cabrera ◽  
María Elena Parra-González ◽  
Jesús López-Belmonte ◽  
Adrián Segura-Robles
Keyword(s):  
Achievement Motivation ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Learning Anxiety ◽  
Training Methodology ◽  
Learning Mathematics ◽  
Traditional Training ◽  
Group A ◽  
Set Up

Nowadays, different methodologies are booming in the field of education, and active gamification-based methodologies such as the Escape Room are an example of these methodologies, which is the base of this research. The purpose of this research is to analyze the effectiveness of the use of an Escape Room as an active methodology to learn mathematics. A quantitative research method was performed through an experimental design. Two study groups were set up. With the control group, a traditional training methodology was used, and with the experimental group, an innovative one was used through an Escape room experience. A total of 62 students of the 3rd level of Secondary Education from an educational center in Ceuta (Spain) participated. Results show how the experience developed through the escape room improved achievement, motivation and autonomy in a significant way. It has also reduced learning anxiety significantly. It is concluded that the use of the Escape room in Mathematics improves learning achievement, anxiety, motivation and autonomy, with gender being a variable to be taken into account, especially in motivation and autonomy. Therefore, the escape room has a greater potential than a traditional methodology in Mathematics.

scholarly journals Effect of Plant Essential Oils against Rophalosiphum padi on Wheat and Barley

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1701200
Author(s):  
Daniela Grul'ová ◽  
Silvia Mudrončeková ◽  
Valtcho D. Zheljazkov ◽  
Ivan Šalamon ◽  
Silvia I. Rondon
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Plant Essential Oils ◽  
Hyssopus Officinalis

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of six EOs against Rhopalosiphum padi L. (Homoptera: Aphididae). This aphid is one of the most important cereal pests worldwide. EOs used in this study were from cumin ( Cuminum cyminum L.; Apiaceae), hyssop ( Hyssopus officinalis L.; Lamiaceae), costmary ( Tanacetum balsamita L. syn. Chrysanthemum balsamita L. Baill; Asteraceae), lovage ( Levisticum officinale W.D.J. Koch; Apiaceae), lavander ( Lavandula angustifolia Mill; Lamiaceae) and thyme ( Thymus vulgaris L.; Lamiaceae). Cultivar ORCF-10, a soft white winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar and barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) cv. ‘Alba’ were selected for the bioassays. Each EO was diluted with acetone (w/v) at different concentrations ranging from 0.1 % to 1.0 %. Number of R. padi landing on treated or untreated leaves was counted 24 h after the initial aphid transfer. In general, the repellency effect increased as the concentration of EOs increased regardless of treatments with the exception of lovage. Regardless of the substrate and treatment, lower numbers of aphids were observed on treated leaves at higher concentrations compared to the untreated control stressing the repellency effect. This study demonstrated that the EOs of cumin, hyssop, costmary, lavender, and thyme may have potential for aphids control.

Effect of two plant extracts and Lactobacillus fermentum on colonization of gastrointestinal tract by Salmonella enterica var. Düsseldorf in chicks

Biologia ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Koščová ◽  
Radomíra Nemcová ◽  
Soňa Gancarčíková ◽  
Zuzana Jonecová ◽  
L’uboslava Sciranková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Lactobacillus Fermentum ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Combined Administration ◽  
Commercial Poultry

AbstractAccording to published data, it is well known that essential oils from plants possess antimicrobial activity against a wide range of pathogens, including Salmonella strains. The influence of the administration of essential oils from oregano (Origanum vulgare) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris) as well as Lactobacillus fermentum on crop, caecum, liver and spleen colonization by Salmonella enterica var. Düsseldorf in chicks was investigated in this study. For the experiment, one hundred 1-day old chicks were used, and they were divided into four groups: (i) untreated (C); (ii) treated with L. fermentum (L); (iii) treated with a mixture of oregano and thyme essential oils (OT); and (iv) treated with a combination of L. fermentum and a mixture of oregano and thyme essential oils (LOT). Essential oils from oregano and thyme were mixed with commercial poultry diet, which was offered ad libitum to chicks in appertaining groups. L. fermentum was added daily to drinking water. After 3 days all the chicks were challenged orally with S. enterica var. Düsseldorf. The crops, ceca, spleens and livers of the birds were examined for S. enterica var. Düsseldorf colonization 5 days after the challenge. Our results showed that a combined administration of L. fermentum and essential oils (oregano and thyme) in group with combined application of essential oils and lactobacillus strain reduced the percentage of colonized crops and ceca when compared to the control group without any treatment.

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