scholarly journals Morphology and morphometry of ramification of the aortic arch in domestic shorthair cats in the clinical aspect

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 295-298
Author(s):  
Karolina Barszcz ◽  
Joanna Klećkowska-Nawrot ◽  
Karolina Goździewska-Harłajczuk ◽  
Zbigniew Bełkot ◽  
Norbert Czubaj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Arch ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Subclavian Artery ◽  
Left Subclavian Artery ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Brachiocephalic Trunk ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Morphology And Morphometry ◽  
Post Hoc

The aim of the study was to investigate the morphology and morphometry of ramifications of the aortic arch in domestic shorthair cats in relation to the sex of the animals. The morphological study was performed on 61 hearts of adult domestic shorthair cats of both sexes, preserved in the 10% solution of formalin. Measurements of the area of openings of basic branches and distances between them were performed. In cats we can observe a double type of direct ramification of the aortic arch: the brachiocephalic trunk and the left subclavian artery. In all studied cases, the surface area of the ostium of the brachiocephalic trunk (SABT) was greater 4.94 ± 1.35 mm2 than the surface area of the ostium of the left subclavian artery (SALSA) 2.38 ± 0.88 mm2. The average difference between the opening area of the above vessels (r) amounted to 2.56 mm2. In the studied group of cats, the distance between the openings (d) varied between 0.5 and 4.37 mm. In the post hoc comparison of the mean values no statistically significant differences were found between the population of males and females. Fundamental changes in the structure of openings were found in two females. The first one concerned a secondary division of the brachiocephalic trunk opening and the second one – a secondary division of the opening of the left subclavian artery in the area of their parting from the aortic arch. CT angiography or MRI angiography is the method of choice for diagnosis of vascular disorders or malformations. The knowledge of the aortic arch morphology in various species of animals is a prerequisite for a correct assessment of the results of imaging tests.

scholarly journals Anatomical Variations in the Branching Pattern of Human Aortic Arch: A Cadaveric Study from Central India

ISRN Anatomy ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virendra Budhiraja ◽  
Rakhi Rastogi ◽  
Vaishali Jain ◽  
Vishal Bankwar ◽  
Shiv Raghuwanshi
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Vertebral Artery ◽  
Aortic Arch ◽  
Subclavian Artery ◽  
Common Carotid Artery ◽  
Left Subclavian Artery ◽  
Left Vertebral Artery ◽  
Common Trunk ◽  
Branching Pattern ◽  
Brachiocephalic Trunk

Variations of the branches of aortic arch are due to alteration in the development of certain branchial arch arteries during embryonic period. Knowledge of these variations is important during aortic instrumentation, thoracic, and neck surgeries. In the present study we observed these variations in fifty-two cadavers from Indian populations. In thirty-three (63.5%) cadavers, the aortic arch showed classical branching pattern which includes brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, and left subclavian artery. In nineteen (36.5%) cadavers it showed variations in the branching pattern, which include the two branches, namely, left subclavian artery and a common trunk in 19.2% cases, four branches, namely, brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, left vertebral artery, and left subclavian artery in 15.3% cases, and the three branches, namely, common trunk, left vertebral artery, and left subclavian artery in 1.9% cases.

scholarly journals Ascending aorta and aortic root replacement in an infant: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
V. A. Mironenko ◽  
V. S. Rasumovsky ◽  
A. A. Svobodov ◽  
S. V. Rychin
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Aortic Arch ◽  
Subclavian Artery ◽  
Aortic Root ◽  
Common Carotid Artery ◽  
Left Subclavian Artery ◽  
Vascular Prosthesis ◽  
Ascending Aorta ◽  
Left Common Carotid Artery ◽  
Brachiocephalic Trunk

<p>We herein report the first clinical case of prosthetic replacement of the ascending aorta and aortic arch to repair a giant aneurysm in a 7-month-old child. The ascending aorta and arch replacement to the level of left subclavian artery was performed using a no. 16 Polymaille prosthesis, the brachiocephalic trunk was reimplanted into the vascular prosthesis and the kinked section of the left common carotid artery was removed, followed by reimplanting the left common carotid artery into the left subclavian artery. First, proximal anastomosis with the vascular prosthesis was created using a no. 16 Polymaille prosthesis and the vascular suture was strengthened with a Teflon strip. During circulatory arrest, the aortic arch was crossed between the orifice of the left common carotid artery and left subclavian artery, with the cut extended to the isthmus region along the small curvature of the arch. The brachiocephalic trunk was aligned and brought down, with subsequent implantation into the ascending aorta prosthesis 2 cm below the initial fixation point. In the final stage, the kinked section of the left common carotid artery was resected and the aligned left carotid artery was directly reimplanted into the left subclavian artery using end-to-side anastomosis. The patient developed tracheobronchitis and moderate heart failure during the postoperative period. The duration of mechanical ventilation was 16 hours. Infusion and antibacterial therapy were discontinued on postoperative day 8. On postoperative day 13, the patient was discharged and referred to the outpatient centre for further treatment and rehabilitation. A sufficiently large-sized prosthesis allows for further development in paediatric patients. This is facilitated by the preservation of the native aortic root with restored valve function and the formation of a bevelled distal anastomosis with a small unchanged aortic section in the isthmus region, which maintains growth potential. This first reported case of an infant demonstrates the possibility of combination interventions on the aortic arch and brachiocephalic artery during the first year of life.</p><p>Received 30 January 2021. Revised 24 March 2021. Accepted 29 March 2021.</p><p><strong>Funding:</strong> The study did not have sponsorship.</p><p><strong>Conflict of interest:</strong> The authors declare no conflicts of interests.</p><p><strong>Contribution of the authors: </strong>The authors contributed equally to this article.</p>

scholarly journals Morphometry of the aortic arch and its branches

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 154-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Manole ◽  
D.M. Iliescu ◽  
A. Rusali ◽  
P. Bordei
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Aortic Arch ◽  
Subclavian Artery ◽  
Common Carotid Artery ◽  
Left Subclavian Artery ◽  
Ascending Aorta ◽  
Ct Scanner ◽  
Arterial Trunk ◽  
Brachiocephalic Trunk ◽  
The Right

Abstract Our study was conducted by the evaluation of angioCT’s performed on a GE LightSpeed VCT64 Slice CT Scanner. The measurements were performed on the aortic arch at the following levels: at the origin of the aorta, the middle part of the ascending aorta, prior to the origin of the brachiocephalic arterial trunk and after the origin of the left subclavian artery. We measured the caliber of the aortic arch arteries and the data are correlated and reported by gender. The diameter of the ascending aorta was between 27 to 28.9 mm in females and in males from 25.8 to 37.6 mm. The diameter of the aorta within the middle segment of the ascending part was between 28-30.2 mm in females and in males from 26.1 to 34.6. The diameter of the aortic arch prior to the origin of the brachiocephalic arterial trunk was between 26.4 to 29.4 mm in females and in males from 25.8 to 37.5 mm. The diameter of the aortic arch after the origin of the left subclavian artery was in a range of 20.4 to 28.4 mm, which corresponds to the limits found in males while in females the aortic diameter was between 21.3 to 24.1 mm. The brachiocephalic trunk diameters were 8.3 to 15.5 mm in females and in males was 9.1 to 14.5 mm. The right common carotid artery had a diameter of 4-8 mm diameter in males and in females ranged from 4.7 to 5.5 mm. The right subclavian artery showed a caliber of 5.7 to 7.5 mm in females and in males from 5.9 to 10.1. The left common carotid artery diameter was 4.6 to 5.7 mm in females and males the diameter was between 5.2 to 7.4 mm. The left subclavian artery had a diameter of 6-10 mm in females and in males ranged from 7.7 to 12.8 mm. We found that the distance between the ascending part of the aorta and the descending segment ranged from 33.3 to 38.5 mm in females and in males from 40 to 68.6 mm. We measured the distance that exists at the crossing of the aortic arch with the left branch of the pulmonary trunk, finding that in females this distance is 3 to 10.3 mm and in males from 3 to 12.5 mm.

scholarly journals Morphological characteristics of the aortic arch organization

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Manole ◽  
D.M. Iliescu ◽  
R. Baz ◽  
P. Bordei
Keyword(s):  
Vertebral Artery ◽  
Aortic Arch ◽  
Subclavian Artery ◽  
Left Subclavian Artery ◽  
Left Vertebral Artery ◽  
Morphological Aspect ◽  
Arterial Trunk ◽  
Brachiocephalic Trunk ◽  
The Right ◽  
Number Of Branches

Abstract Our study was performed on 228 cases by dissection, by plastic injection followed by corrosion or dissection and by simple and CT angiography study. Each morphological aspect was assessed on a different numbers of cases, as long as the same case could not provide data on all studied elements. We assessed: the number of branches that originate from the aortic arch, the level of origin and the morphological type of the aortic arch. In terms of number of branches emerging from the aortic arch, most commonly are three branches, in 48.48% of cases, describing them 3 variations: separation of the three classical branches in 45,96% of cases, in 1.51% of cases the left common carotid artery emerged from the brachiocephalic trunk while the other two branches being represented by a vertebral artery and the left subclavian and in 1.01% by the right subclavian artery with retroesophageal traject, by a bicarotid arterial trunk and the left subclavian artery. In 28.70% of the cases were four branches, as follows: in 13.13% of cases the fourth branch was represented by the left vertebral artery, in 7.07% of cases there was the inferior thyroid artery, in 4.04% of cases the brachiocephalic arterial trunk was missing and the right subclavian artery originate from the aortic arch and presented a retroesophageal traject, in 3.03% of cases the fourth artery was the ascending cervical and in 1.51% of cases all four arteries had their origins in the aortic arch with no brachiocephalic trunk. In 22.73% of cases from the aortic arch originated only two branches: in 19.70% of cases the left common carotid originated in the brachiocephalic trunk, so the second branch was the left subclavian and in 3.03% of the cases there were two brachiocephalic trunks. Regarding the level of origin from the aortic arch, we found that only the brachiocephalic arterial trunk showed versions of origin: in 64 61% of the cases the brachiocephalic trunk had its origin in the horizontal segment of the aortic arch, in 21.54% of cases the origin was located at the limit between the ascending and horizontal segments and vin 12.31% of cases the origin was from the ascending segment of the aortic arch. In only 1.54% of the cases the left subclavian artery originated from the descending segment of the aortic arch

scholarly journals Collateral Arteries of the Aortic Arch in Mongolian Gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus)

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Radan Elvis Matias de Oliveira ◽  
Hélio Norberto De Araújo Júnior ◽  
Herson Da Silva Costa ◽  
Gleidson Benevides De Oliveira ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Bezerra De Moura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Arch ◽  
Subclavian Artery ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Left Subclavian Artery ◽  
Meriones Unguiculatus ◽  
Brachiocephalic Artery ◽  
Collateral Arteries ◽  
Brachiocephalic Trunk ◽  
The Right ◽  
Common Carotid Arteries

Background: Gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) are rodents belonging to the Muridae family. Recently, breeding of this species as pets has increased significantly. Animal models are being investigated to study diseases related to the human aortic arch. Despite the importance of the aortic arch in maintaining homeostasis, there is limited data available regarding its morphology in gerbils. This study was performed with the objective of describing the collateral branches of the aortic arch in this animal to establish a standard model and thus contribute to future research on cardiovascular diseases in humans.Materials, Methods & Results: This study used 20 male specimens from previous studies that were frozen and stored at the Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy of the Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid Region. After thawing the animals, the thoracic cavity was opened for aortic cannulation. The vascular system was washed using saline solution and Neoprene latex stained with red pigment was injected. Subsequently, the animals were fixed in 10% formaldehyde and were dissected and analyzed 72 h later. The arrangement of the collateral branches of the aortic arch in gerbils was analyzed in all animals. The brachiocephalic trunk, the left common carotid, and the left subclavian artery were observed to originate as collateral branches. The brachiocephalic trunk bifurcated into the right common carotid and the right subclavian arteries. The right and the left subclavian arteries branched into the vertebral artery, the internal thoracic artery, the superficial cervical artery, the costocervical trunk, and the axillary artery.Discussion: Several studies reported in the literature describe the collateral branches of the aortic arch in domestic and wild mammalian species. These studies examined the main arteries that originate directly from the aortic arch and their respective branches, and classified the different anatomical variants of the aortic arch in each species. Three different arrangements have been commonly described. The first type corresponds only to the brachiocephalic artery originating from the aortic arch. The right and the left common carotid arteries and the right and the left subclavian arteries originate from this brachiocephalic artery. This type has already been described in the laboratory rat, catingueiro-deer, cattle, and horses. The second type is characterized by the presence of 2 arteries - the brachiocephalic trunk and the left subclavian artery. The right and the left common carotid arteries and the right subclavian artery originate from the brachiocephalic trunk. This arrangement has been reported in most species already studied such as rodents including the paca, chinchilla, guinea pig, mocó, nutria and the preá. The third type of vascular arrangement is observed in the gerbil. In this species, 3 collateral arteries originate from the aortic arch (the brachiocephalic trunk, the left common carotid, and the left subclavian artery). The right common carotid and the right subclavian artery originate from the brachiocephalic trunk. This vascular model has been described in the manatee, in humans, mice, sauim, and the monkey-nail. Thus, we concluded that the branching pattern of the aortic arch of the gerbil was characterized by the brachiocephalic trunk, the left common carotid, and the left subclavian artery, as has been described in mice, the manatee, monkey-nail, sauim, and humans. Based on these morphological characteristics, gerbils could serve as potential experimental models to study diseases related to the human aortic arch.

scholarly journals The arteries originating from the aortic arch and the branches of these arteries in red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris)

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 131-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Aydin
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Aortic Arch ◽  
Subclavian Artery ◽  
Common Carotid Artery ◽  
Left Subclavian Artery ◽  
Axillary Artery ◽  
Thoracic Cavity ◽  
Sciurus Vulgaris ◽  
Brachiocephalic Trunk ◽  
The Right

This study had the aim of investigating the anatomy of the aortic arch in squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris). Ten squirrels were studied. The materials were carefully dissected and the arterial patterns of arteries originating from the aortic arch were examined. The brachiocephalic trunk and the left subclavian artery were detached from the aortic arch. The brachiocephalic trunk first gave the left common carotid artery, and then detached to the right subclavian and common carotid artery. In all the examined materials, the left and right subclavian arteries gave branches that were similar after leaving the thoracic cavity from the cranial thoracic entrance. But while the whole branches of the the right subclavian artery were arising from almost the same point the left subclavian artery gave these branches in a definite order, and the branches that separated were the following: the internal thoracic artery, the intercostal suprema artery, the ramus spinalis, the vertebral artery and the descending scapular artery. It also gave the common branch formed by the junction of three of the cervical superficial, the cevical profund and the suprascapular arteries. After the separation of these branches, continuation of the artery gave the external thoracic artery on the external face of the thoracic cavity and then formed the axillar artery. The axillary artery separated into the subscapular and the brachial arteries. Thus, the arteries originating from the aortic arch and the branches of these arteries are different from other rodents and from domestic mammals.

scholarly journals Variations in the Branching Pattern of the Aortic Arch Detected with Computerized Tomography Angiography

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pasaoglu Lale ◽  
Ugur Toprak ◽  
Gökhan Yagız ◽  
Tunca Kaya ◽  
Sadık Ahmet Uyanık
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Arch ◽  
Ct Angiography ◽  
Subclavian Artery ◽  
Left Subclavian Artery ◽  
Right Aortic Arch ◽  
Aberrant Right Subclavian Artery ◽  
Left Vertebral Artery ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Branching Pattern ◽  
Brachiocephalic Trunk

Objectives. The aim was to determine the prevalence of aortic arch variations in 881 patients who underwent neck CT angiography for various reasons. Material and Methods. 881 patients were included in the study who had undergone neck CT angiography between 2010 and 2013. Results. Of 881 patients, 770 (87.4%) patients with classic branching pattern of the aortic arch (AA) were observed. Variations in branching pattern were seen in 111 (12.6%) patients. The most common variation was the origination of the left common carotid artery (LCCA) from the brachiocephalic trunk (BCT). This pattern was observed in 64 (7.2%) cases. In 25 (2.8%) cases, the left vertebral artery (LVA) originated directly from the AA between the origin of the LCCA and left subclavian artery (SCA). 17 (1.9%) cases had aberrant right subclavian artery. Three (0.3%) cases showed right aortic arch. Two cases had right aortic arch with aberrant left subclavian artery. Conclusions. Variations in the branching pattern of the AA are not rare. Head and neck surgeons and interventional radiologists should be aware of aortic arch variations. CTA is a reliable imaging method for demonstrating anatomical features and variations of the AA.

Combined immunosuppressive therapy including a TNF-alpha blocker induces remission in a difficult to treat patient with Takayasu arteriitis and coronary involvement

VASA ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 451-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahlmann ◽  
Pfluecke ◽  
Ouda ◽  
Simonis ◽  
Weiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Aortic Arch ◽  
Immunosuppressive Therapy ◽  
Subclavian Artery ◽  
Left Subclavian Artery ◽  
Tnf Alpha ◽  
Alpha Blocker ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
Brachiocephalic Trunk ◽  
Systemic Inflammatory Disease

A 40 year old woman presented with symptoms of a systemic inflammatory disease and obstruction of the left subclavian artery. Takayasu arteriitis (TA) was clinically diagnosed and confirmed by MR angiography and FDG-PET scan showing inflammation of the aortic arch and the left subclavian artery. Immunosuppression with glucocorticoids and methotrexate resulted in immediate clinical improvement and normalization of systemic markers of inflammation. Despite that the patient developed chest pain on exertion suggesting coronary involvement, which was confirmed by dobutamine stress echocardiography. After adding the TNF-alpha blocker infliximab coronary symptoms gradually improved and a clinically stable situation could be achieved for more than 6 months. Coronary angiography and aortography showed an occluded main stem of the left coronary artery, an occluded left subclavian artery, and stenoses of the brachiocephalic trunk and the left common carotid artery. Revascularization of the coronary artery and the aortic arch and its branches was performed. The patient returned to work two months after the operation. Immunosuppressive therapy with infliximab and methotrexate is continued, glucocorticoids were stopped after one year of treatment. This case shows that vascular progress in TA patients may occur even when systemic inflammation is controlled, therefore patients have to be carefully observed for new vascular manifestions. TNF-alpha blockers may be an additional treatment option in otherwise difficult to treat TA patients allowing to perform revascularization after a stable disease state has been achieved.

scholarly journals Anomalies of the aortic arch in dogs: evaluation with the use of multidetector computed tomography angiography and proposal of an extended classification scheme

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiane Schorn ◽  
Nicolai Hildebrandt ◽  
Matthias Schneider ◽  
Sebastian Schaub
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Aortic Arch ◽  
Subclavian Artery ◽  
Left Subclavian Artery ◽  
Vascular Ring ◽  
Right Aortic Arch ◽  
Aberrant Right Subclavian Artery ◽  
Aortic Arch Anomalies ◽  
Brachiocephalic Trunk ◽  
Different Types

Abstract Background Congenital anomalies of the aortic arch are important as they may be associated with vascular ring anomalies. The most common vascular ring anomaly in dogs is a persistent right aortic arch. However, published data of the distribution of the different types of vascular ring anomalies and other aortic arch anomalies are lacking. The objective of this retrospective descriptive study was to evaluate both the prevalence and the different types of aortic arch anomalies that can be detected using thoracic computed tomography (CT) examination. Archived thoracic CT examinations acquired between 2008 and 2020 at a single institution were retrospectively evaluated by 2 evaluators for the prevalence and type of aortic arch anomaly. Breed, age, and presenting complaint were obtained from the medical record system. Results A total of 213 CT studies were evaluated; 21 dogs (21/213, 9.9%) showed a right aortic arch and a left ligamentum arteriosum with compression of the esophagus. The following incidental additional findings were detected: aberrant left subclavian artery (17/21, 76.2%), branching from the persistent ductus arteriosus (PDA) (1/21, 4.8%), left-sided brachiocephalic trunk (3/21, 14.3%), bicarotid trunk (17/21, 81.0%), double aortic arch (1/21, 4.8%). One hundred ninety two dogs (192/213, 90.1%) showed a left aortic arch without esophageal compression. The following additional abnormalities were obtained in those dogs with left aortic arch: aberrant right subclavian artery (3/192, 1.6%) without clinical signs of esophageal compression, aberrant vessel branching from the aorta into the left caudal lung lobe (2/192, 1.0%), focal dilatation of the left or right subclavian artery (2/192, 1.0%), bicarotid trunk (1/192, 0.5%). Conclusion Similar to previous studies an aberrant left subclavian artery is the most common additional finding in dogs with persistent right aortic arch. Newly, a left-sided brachiocephalic trunk was identified in 14.3% of the dogs with a persistent right aortic arch; no additional compression was caused by the left sided brachiocephalic trunk. Similarly, aberrant right subclavian artery can be an incidental CT finding without causing compression of the esophagus.

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