scholarly journals Influence of the age of rats treated with the sodium salt of glutamate acid on the reactivity of astroglia of the infundibular nucleus

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 234-238
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Ewa Krawczyk ◽  
Jadwiga Jaworska-Adamu
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein ◽  
Sodium Salt ◽  
Monosodium Glutamate ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Number Of Cells

The aim of the study was the immunohistochemical evaluation of the impact of the age of animals treated with the sodium salt of glutamic acid on the behaviour of astrocytes of the infundibular nucleus (IN). Immunohistochemical peroxidase-antiperoxidase reactions were conducted on brain sections of 10-day-old (I) and 63-day-old (II) rats treated s.c with monosodium glutamate (MSG) in a dose of 4g/kg b.w. for three consecutive days. The staining was performed using specific antibodies against glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), S-100β protein and Ki-67 antigen. Cells immunopositive for the proteins under investigation were assessed morphologically and morphometrically in an Olympus BX51 light microscope with the Cell ^ D program. Statistically significant differences were tested using ANOVA and the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test. In the infundibular nucleus of 10-day-old rats treated with MSG, there was an increase in the number of GFAP, S-100β and Ki-67 immunopositive astrocytes without any changes in their morphology, which was typical of immature glia. In adult rats treated with MSG, a decrease in the number of cells expressing GFAP and S-100β was found. Most astrocytes had thick and weakly branched processes, in contrast to those observed in control animals. The results of our study showed a diverse behaviour of astroglia of IN in young and adult rats treated with MSG. In 10-day-old rats, hyperplasia of glia occurred, whereas in 63-day-old individuals there was a loss and hypertrophy of astrocytes, which may indicate a late stage of their reactivity. This information may contribute to targeting the therapy of diseases of the nervous system induced by the excitotoxic effects of glutamate.

scholarly journals The immunoreactivity of satellite glia of the spinal ganglia of rats treated with monosodium glutamate

2016 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-341
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Ewa Krawczyk ◽  
Jadwiga Jaworska-Adamu
Keyword(s):  
Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein ◽  
Monosodium Glutamate ◽  
Protein S ◽  
Acidic Protein ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Spinal Ganglia ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Satellite Glia ◽  
Number Of Cells

Satellite glia of the peripheral nervous system ganglia provide metabolic protection to the neurons. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of monosodium glutamate administered parenterally to rats on the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein, S-100β protein and Ki-67 antigen in the satellite glial cells. Adult, 60-day-old male rats received monosodium glutamate at two doses of 2 g/kg b.w. (group 1) and 4 g/kg b.w. (group 2) subcutaneously for 3 consecutive days. Animals in the control group (group C) were treated with corresponding doses of 0.9% sodium chloride. Immediately after euthanasia, spinal ganglia of the lumbar region were dissected. Immunohistochemical peroxidase anti-peroxidase reactions were performed on the sections containing the examined material using antibodies against glial fibrillary acidic protein, S-100β and Ki-67. Next, morphological and morphometric analyses of immunopositive and immunonegative glia were conducted. The data were presented as the mean number of cells with standard deviation. Significant differences were analysed using ANOVA (P < 0.05). In all 63-day-old rats, immunopositivity for the examined proteins glia was observed. Increased number of cells expressing glial fibrillary acidic protein was demonstrated in group 2, whereas the number of S-100β-positive glia grew in the groups with the increasing doses of monosodium glutamate. The results indicate the early stage reactivity of glia in response to increased levels of glutamate in the extracellular space. These changes may be of a neuroprotective nature under the conditions of excitotoxicity induced by the action of this excitatory neurotransmitter.

scholarly journals Age-Dependent Effect of Long-Term Microwave Radiation on Postnatal Neurogenesis in Rats: Morphological and Behavioral Study

2018 ◽  
pp. 495-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. RAČEK ◽  
K. BEŇOVÁ ◽  
P. ARNOUL ◽  
M. ZÁVODSKÁ ◽  
A. ANGELIDIS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Radiation ◽  
Migration Route ◽  
Proliferating Cells ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Juvenile Rats ◽  
Dividing Cells ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Dying Cells

Processes of adult neurogenesis can be influenced by environmental factors. Here, we investigated the effect of microwave radiation (MWR) on proliferation and cell dying in the rat rostral migratory stream (RMS) – a migration route for the neuroblasts of the subventricular zone. Adult and juvenile (two weeks old) rats were exposed to a pulsed-wave MWR at the frequency of 2.45 GHz for 1 or 3 h daily during 3 weeks. Adult rats were divided into two groups: without survival and with two weeks survival after irradiation. Juvenile rats survived till adulthood, when were tested in the light/dark test. Proliferating cells in the RMS were labeled by Ki-67; dying cells were visualized by Fluoro-Jade C histochemistry. In both groups of rats irradiated as adults we have observed significant decrease of the number of dividing cells within the RMS. Exposure of juvenile rats to MWR induced only slight decrease in proliferation, however, it strikingly affected cell death even two months following irradiation. In addition, these rats displayed locomotor hyperactivity and decreased risk assessment in adulthood. Our results suggest that the long-lasting influence of radiation is manifested by affected cell survival and changes in animals´ behavior.

Immunocytochemical localization of amylase in the parotid gland of developing and adult rats.

1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 1189-1195 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Tanaka ◽  
E W Gresik ◽  
T Barka
Keyword(s):  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Acinar Cells ◽  
Gold Colloid ◽  
Parotid Glands ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Rat Parotid ◽  
Unlabeled Antibody ◽  
Number Of Cells

An antiserum against purified rat parotid amylase was used to localize the protein in parotid glands of developing and adult rats. The unlabeled antibody peroxidase-antiperoxidase method and the protein A-gold colloid technique were used at the light and electron microscope levels, respectively. Immunoreactive amylase was detected in a few scattered cells in the glands of 2-day-old rats. During the following days the number of cells stained immunocytochemically for amylase increased rapidly; at 15 days of age all acinar cells revealed amylase, but the intensity of immunostaining varied from cell to cell. Electron microscopically, amylase was localized in the secretory granules, and by using a more concentrated antiserum, in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex. At early stages of development the acinar cells contained fewer and smaller secretory granules than in adult animals; the gold particles indicative of amylase were randomly distributed over the secretory granules. In the glands of adult rats, amylase was distributed inhomogeneously within the secretory granules. In the majority of secretory granules gold colloid particles were located over the electron-dense portions of the granules. However, secretory granules in which an amylase-rich shell surrounded an amylase-poor or amylase-negative "core" were not infrequent.

scholarly journals Parvalbumin loss following chronic sub-anesthetic NMDA antagonist treatment is age-dependent in the hippocampus: Implications for modeling NMDA hypofunction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer A. Honeycutt ◽  
James J. Chrobak
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Binding ◽  
Nmda Antagonist ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Consistent Finding ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Behavioral Impairments ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Effect Of Age

AbstractA marked decrease in parvalbumin (PV), a calcium-binding protein specific to a subset of GABAergic neurons, is a consistent finding in postmortem schizophrenic brain tissue. This reduction is selective to PV and is regionally specific: occurring primarily in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus (HPC) of patients. Rodent models of NMDA receptor hypofunction utilizing NMDA antagonist treatments – e.g. ketamine (KET) – show schizophrenia-like cognitive and behavioral impairments with parallel changes in PV. While decreased PV is considered a hallmark of neuropathology in schizophrenia, previous work elucidating the effects of KET administration on PV are contradictory, with findings suggesting decreased, increased, or no change in PV expression. Upon close examination of the procedures used across studies, there are two primary inconsistencies, including: 1) the age of animals used; and 2) the timeline of post-treatment tissue collection. To better understand whether these key differences impact observed PV changes, the present study investigated the impact of age and time of sacrifice on chronic KET-induced PV changes in the neocortex and HPC. Our findings suggest an effect of age, but not sacrifice timeline, on PV cell count following 14 days of sub-anesthetic KET treatment. We provide evidence that 1-month-old rats exhibit significant KET-induced HPC PV decreases, while adult rats show a modest increase in HPC PV following chronic KET. Taken together, we propose that PV is a dynamic marker, and that changes in cell counts - and their interpretation - following NDMA antagonist treatment should be considered in the context of age.

Immunohistochemical evaluation of hippocampal CA1 region astrocytes in 10-day-old rats after monosodium glutamate treatment

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 767-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Krawczyk ◽  
J. Jaworska-Adamu ◽  
K. Rycerz
Keyword(s):  
Monosodium Glutamate ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Ca1 Region ◽  
Hippocampal Ca1 Region ◽  
S100β Protein ◽  
Hippocampal Ca1 ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Noxious Effect ◽  
Glial Reactivity

Abstract High concentration of glutamate (Glu) is excitotoxic for nervous system structures. This may lead to glial reactivity ie. increased expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and S100β protein, and also to hypertrophy and proliferation of cells which are determined by the presence of Ki-67 antigen. The aim of the study was to analyse the immunoreactivity of the GFAP, S100β and Ki-67 proteins in astrocytes of hippocampal CA1 region in young rats after administration of monosodium glutamate (MSG) at two doses: 2 g/kg b.w. (I group) and 4 g/kg b.w. (II group). In rats from I and II group morphologically altered astrocytes with the GFAP expression were observed in the SLM of the hippocampal CA1 region. The cells had eccentrically located nuclei and on the opposite site of the nuclei there were single or double, long and weakly branched processes. Moreover, in the SLM the increase of the number of GFAP and S100β immunopositive astrocytes and nuclei with Ki-67 expression, in contrary to control individuals, was observed. These results suggest the increased expression of the proteins in early reactions or hyperplasia which, together with cell hypertrophy, indicate late reactivity of astroglia in response to glutamate noxious effect.

scholarly journals Influence of neurotransmitters on lipid peroxidation during immobilization stress exposure in rats of different ages

2015 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
pp. 843-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
V N Meschaninov ◽  
D L Scherbakov
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Nicotinic Acid ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Immobilization Stress ◽  
Phase Changes ◽  
Stress Exposure ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
The Impact

Aim. To identify age-specific changes of «peroxidation and antioxidant activity» system in rats during immobilization stress exposure and after correction with neurotransmitters. Methods. The study was conducted on 410 male Wistar rats of mature and old age. Rats was immobilized in plastic canisters for 12 hours. Neurotransmitters - acetylcholine chloride, epinephrine (adrenaline hydrochloride), L-tryptophan, nicotinic acid solutions - were injected subcutaneously. After decapitation lipid peroxidation, antioxidant activity, routine biochemical and hematological parameters were studied in sacrified rats using standardized methods. Results. Immobilization stress induced phase changes of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant activity in the blood of rats, which corresponds to the stages of stress reaction. Increasing age leads to earlier activation of lipid peroxidation which was observed in old rats. Weakening of the parasympathetic nervous system influence and enhantion of the sympathetic nervous system action was observed with age in the blood of rats, which can lead to age-related changes in the intensity of lipid peroxidation when exposed to stress. In mature and old rats exposed to stress L-tryptophan and nicotinic acid induced antioxidant, in old rats - hypolipidemic geroprophylactic effect. Conclusion. Immobilization stress exposure causes adverse hyperlipidemic changes in peripheral blood of old age rats. However under the impact of L-tryptophan and nicotinic acid combination normalization of lipid and lipoprotein content of blood occurs showing geroprophylactic hypolipidemic qualities of non-antioxidant genesis.

scholarly journals Adolescent cocaine exposure enhanced negative affect following drug re-exposure in adult rats: Attenuation of c-Fos activation

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 154-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubén García-Cabrerizo ◽  
M. Julia García-Fuster
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Dorsal Striatum ◽  
Cocaine Exposure ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Protein Activation ◽  
Fos Protein ◽  
The Impact

Background: The goal of the present study was to utilize the adolescent drug experience as an emerging vulnerability factor for developing psychiatric comorbidities in adulthood that could, in turn, help to elucidate and/or hypothesize possible mechanisms contributing to higher relapse rates. Outcomes: The current results showed that adolescent cocaine exposure (15 mg/kg, intraperitoneally, seven days) during early–mid adolescence (postnatal days 33–39) enhanced negative affect in adulthood, by increasing behavioral despair following drug re-exposure and by increasing anhedonia. Thus, these behavioral data provided a good model to further ascertain the long-term cellular and molecular adaptations that might take place in the brain in response to adolescent cocaine exposure as well as the impact of drug re-exposure in adulthood. In this regard, the results showed that adolescent cocaine exposure did not modulate cell proliferation (Ki-67+ cells) or c-Fos protein activation in the dentate gyrus region of the hippocampus, but attenuated c-Fos activation in the dorsal striatum. Conclusions: These results proved that a history of cocaine exposure during adolescence increased the vulnerability to induce negative affect (i.e. emergence of psychiatric comorbidity) in adulthood while it decreased neuronal activation in the dorsal striatum. Interestingly, these effects were only observed following cocaine re-exposure in adulthood, suggesting that avoiding drug contact in adulthood could prevent the long-term negative effects induced by adolescent cocaine.

scholarly journals Polyamine metabolism in liver of young rats

1978 ◽  
Vol 174 (3) ◽  
pp. 727-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
M E Brosnan ◽  
G W Symonds ◽  
D E Hall ◽  
D L Symonds
Keyword(s):  
Fold Increase ◽  
Polyamine Metabolism ◽  
Decarboxylase Activity ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Adenosylmethionine Decarboxylase ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Rat Pups ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Rna Accumulation ◽  
Number Of Cells

Rat liver undergoes a phase of rapid growth during weaning. We followed the changes in polyamine metabolism occurring during this period of natural growth, and compared them with changes in DNA and RNA accumulation. There was a 2.5-fold increase in the number of cells per liver between suckling (18–19 days old) and weaning (30–32 days old) rats. Ornithine decarboxylase activity increased from the low value in 18-day-old rat pups and remained significantly higher (approx. 5–10-fold) than that in adult rats from day 21 to day 34. Putrescine-dependent S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase activity was slightly but significantly increased during most of this period. Spermidine and RNA concentrations fluctuated in concert, whereas spermine content per cell doubled during the period from day 23 to day 30.

scholarly journals Influence of monosodium glutamate on calretinin immunoreactivity in the dorsal raphe nucleus in adult rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (05) ◽  
pp. 6255-2019
Author(s):  
JADWIGA JAWORSKA-ADAMU ◽  
ALEKSANDRA KRAWCZYK ◽  
KAROL RYCERZ
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscope ◽  
Dorsal Raphe Nucleus ◽  
Monosodium Glutamate ◽  
Subcutaneous Administration ◽  
Dorsal Raphe ◽  
Raphe Nucleus ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Dorsal Raphé

The aim of this study was to investigate changes of calretinin immunoreactivity in neurons and neuropil of the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) after subcutaneous administration of monosodium glutamate (MSG) to adult rats. Studies were conducted on 60-day-old male rats. The animals were divided into a control group (C) and two other groups receiving MSG at a dose of 2g/kg b.w. (I) and 4g/kg b.w. (II) subcutaneously for 3 consecutive days. Immunohistochemical peroxydese-antiperoxydase reaction was conducted with the use of a specific anti-calretinin (CR) antibody on brain slides containing DRN of 63-day-old rats. The cells and neuropil were morphologically and morphometrically analysed under the light microscope Olympus BX51. Statistically significant differences were studied with ANOVA and nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test. In 63-day-old rats, in DRN: dorsal (DRNd), ventral (DRNv) and interfascicular (DRNif) parts, in animals receiving MSG (I and II), there was a decrease in CR- immunoreactivity in neurons and neuropil in comparison to control rats. Only in the ventrolateral part (DRNvl) a few intensively stained CR-immunoreactive cells were demonstrated. Light microscope observations were confirmed by morphometric analyses. In the DRNd and DRNv of rats receiving MSG (I and II) a decrease in average CR-immunoreactive neuron density was shown in comparison to the C group. In the DRNvl part, a statistically significant decrease in the analysed parameter was present only in I group of animals. Conversely, in DRNif no statistically significant differences were shown between studied groups of rats. In the DRN of animals receiving MSG (I and II) a decrease in average digital immunostaining intensity for CR occurred in neurons and neuropil. The obtained results demonstrated a decrease in CR immunostaining intensity level in neurons and neuropil and a decrease in density of studied protein immunoreactive cells under the influence of subcutaneous administration of MSG to adult rats. These results suggest that MSG may cause neuronal death as a result of oxidative stress or it can alter a calretinin conformation in cells after binding to calcium ions.

DIAGNOSTIC VALUE OF SPECIFIC ANTIBODY SYNTHESIS IN BRAIN OF PATIENTS WITH NEUROINFECTIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (8) ◽  
pp. 1437-1441
Author(s):  
Pavel Dyachenko ◽  
Igor Filchakov ◽  
Anatoly Dyachenko ◽  
Victoria Kurhanskaya
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Intrathecal Synthesis ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Mrz Reaction ◽  
Wide Range

Introduction: Viral encephalitis accounts for 40-70% of all cases worldwide, central nervous system infections pose a diagnostic challenge because clinical manifestations are not typically pathognomonic for specific pathogens, and a wide range of agents can be causative. The aim: To assess the diagnostic value of intrathecal synthesis of specific antibodies in patients with inflammatory lesions of the central nervous system. Materials and methods: Within the framework of the study, two groups of 90 people in each were formed from the patients with neuroinfections admitted to our Center. Intrathecal synthesis (ITS) of total (unspecific) IgG in members of one of group (group of compare) was determined. Brain synthesis of specific antibodies (Ab) to some neurotropic pathogens (herpes simplex virus 1/2, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, varicella zoster virus, rubella virus, Borrelies) was studied in the second group of patients (group of interest). There were no statistically significant differences between groups by gender and age. Encephalitis and encephalomyelitis prevailed among patients of both groups Results: ITS of total IgG was established in 30 (33.3 ± 6.1 %) patients of the first group with IgG index more than 0.6 indicating on inflammatory process in CNS and no marked changes of CSF. ITS of specific Ab was determined in 23 of 90 (25.6 ± 4.6 %) patients included into group of interest. In more than half of cases Ab to several infectious agents were detected simultaneously. ITS of various specificity, in particular, to measles and rubella viruses, and VZV, known as MRZ-reaction, is characteristic of some autoimmune lesions of CNS, multiple sclerosis first of all. In fact, further research of 5 patients with MRZ-reaction confirmed their autoimmune failure of CNS. Detection of ITS in the CSF samples didn’t depend on concentration of specific Ab in serum and CSF and wasn’t followed by HEB dysfunctions which were observed with the same frequency in patients with or without ITS (13.0 % and 13.6 % respectively). Conclusion: Specific Ab synthesis to several neurotropic pathogens in the CSF of significant part of examined patients was established. Thus, diagnostic value of ITS of specific immunoglobulins seems to be limited to cases in which autoimmune damage of the CNS is suspected.

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