scholarly journals Treatment of left side displacement abomasum in cows (LDA)

2016 ◽  
Vol 72 (11) ◽  
pp. 677-680
Author(s):  
Michał Gnus ◽  
Kornel Ratajczak ◽  
Jarosław Mendrek
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Wall ◽  
Surgical Procedure ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Critical Assessment ◽  
Cost Of Treatment ◽  
Surgical Method ◽  
Less Invasive ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Made In

The increase in the occurrence of LDA in cows stems from the increase in the milk yields from cows. The treatment is based on a surgical method, and its effectiveness has an economic effect. The article below presents progress made in identifying the nature of LDA over the last 50 years. Also included is a critical assessment of contemporary and accepted LDA treatments. The surgical procedure has two aims: repositioning and fastening the abomasum directly to the abdominal wall, which prevents the recurrence of this disease. Over the course of the last 50 years LDA surgery has evolved from the laparotomy method to laparoscopy. This latest method has become more readily available and popular. It is characterized by less invasive surgical techniques and faster recovery, as well as lowering the cost of treatment. However, laparoscopy cannot treat every case. Complications or technical difficulties during an operation sometimes force doctors to finish the surgery by laparotomy. To avoid the problem of having to change the technique during the operation, doctors should choose the most appropriate method for each particular case.

scholarly journals Complications and Pitfalls in Maxillofacial Trauma

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-97
Author(s):  
Vidya Rattan ◽  
Sachin Rai ◽  
Shikha Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Failure ◽  
Surgical Procedure ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Maxillofacial Trauma ◽  
Trauma Surgeon ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Fixation Devices ◽  
And Function ◽  
Made In

ABSTRACT Complications and pitfalls are unavoidable sequel of any surgical procedure. Although advances have been made in surgical techniques and fixation devices, these are far from ideal. The aim of trauma surgeon is to restore the patient to pre-injury form and function, but it may not be possible in each and every case. Treatment failure and poor outcome in a case of severe maxillofacial trauma is not uncommon. This is mainly dependent upon the extent of injury, delay in management, improper diagnosis, wrong treatment plan, poor execution of a treatment plan, wrong choice of fixation devices, inexperience of the surgeon and inability to seek help from other specialists, etc. The objective of this article is to discuss and analyze common complications and pitfalls along with the various methods and modalities to prevent and manage it. How to cite this article Rattan V, Rai S, Yadav S. Complications and Pitfalls in Maxillofacial Trauma. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2014;48(2):91-97.

scholarly journals Clinical and cost-effectiveness analysis of the methods of therapy and prevention of andrological pathologies using drugs based on ozone and nano-biomaterials

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (99) ◽  
pp. 120-124
Author(s):  
S. V. Naumenko
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Cost Of Treatment ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
The Cost

Practical implementation of the latest pharmacological developments is possible provided that their clinical and economic efficiency is assessed. At the same time, the issues of economic feasibility of using the latest diagnostic techniques, as well as means of therapy and prevention of the male reproductive pathologies system remain poorly studied. The aim of the work was to analyze the cost-effectiveness of methods of therapy and prevention of andrological diseases with drugs based on ozonated and nanobiomaterials. The following research tasks were set: to establish the clinical and economic effectiveness of the method of therapy of males for nonspecific balanoposthitis with ozone-containing drugs OCO and Prozon and to determine the economic effect of treatment and prevention methods of alimentary and toxic reproductive diseases in males using drugs based on nanobiomatersals. Clinical and economic efficacy of the treatment method of males with nonspecific balanoposthitis was established by estimating the cost of treatment of animals group with OCO and Prozon by changes in the diseaseduration from treatment to recovery of the fetus compared with conventional antibiotic therapy. The economic effect of therapy and prevention methodsof alimentary and toxic reproductive diseases was evaluated by changes in sperm quality and calculated the average number of additional sperm doses received from the males. The duration of the period from the beginning of treatment to recovery in boars with the use of ozone-containing drugs was: when using OKO – 6.7 ± 0.18 days, and Prozon – 6.1 ± 0.21 days, which was less by 0.9–1.5 days compared with the introduction of gentamicin ointment. And in bulls when using the drug OKO – by 6.7 ± 0.33 days, and Prozon – 5.14 ± 0.26 days, which was less by 1.1–2.7 days. At the same time, the cost of treatment of one male has decreased by 42.3 % with the use of OKO and 37.5 % – Prozon. Despite the higher cost of the drug Prozon, its use is more effective due to faster recovery of the malts. An increase in ejaculate volume, sperm motility, concentration based on the results of correction of alimentary and toxic reproductive diseases has been established; the number of sperm with morphological abnormalities, on the other side, was probably reduced. The complex drug “Karafand+OV,Zn” had a high economic effect due to the possibility of additional receipt 6 spermodoses from the boar and 22 from the bull for the correction of reproductive diseases of the alimentary type and 6 spermodoses from the boar and 20 from the bull – toxic type.

Pentazocine Suppositories for Post-Operative Pain: Intramuscular Pentazocine Injections versus Suppositories in a Controlled Trial in 588 Patients

1977 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
J N Ward-McQuaid ◽  
S. Chakrabarti
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Analgesic Effect ◽  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Cost Of Treatment ◽  
Post Operative Pain ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Made In

A between-patient comparison of the analgesic effect of pentazocine 50 mg by suppository and 30-45 mg by intramuscular injection was made in 558 post-operative patients, 54% within 24 hours of operation. The suppositories proved acceptable overall, even though effectiveness was less at half an hour after administration (particularly in those patients with severe initial pain) and there was greater need for further analgesia at One hour. The cost of treatment with suppositories is less than with injections. After the suppositories there were half as many patients asleep at one hour than after injections, and fewer possible side-effects (7 compared to 24).

ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES OF BIOTECHNOLOGIES USING IN ANIMAL FARMING

1970 ◽  
pp. 57-60
Author(s):  
I. F. Gorlov ◽  
A. A. Mosolov ◽  
G. V. Komlatskiy ◽  
M. A. Nesterenko ◽  
K. D. Nimbona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
State Level ◽  
Modern Level ◽  
Economic Perspectives ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Short Time

The article presents materials on the study of the possibility of reproduction and increase in the herd of highly productive cows through the use of embryo transplantation technology. The classical (in vivo) and more modern, developing (in vitro) methods of embryotransfer, their positive and negative sides are considered in detail. The possibility of accelerating the breeding process by using the method of transplantation, in which from one cow can be obtained from 10 to 100 calves, which will allow for 4-5 years, almost any herd (of any size and breed) with the help of biotechnology to turn into a cattle-breeding enterprise of the most modern level. At the same time, heifers obtained from unproductive cows can be used as "surrogate" mothers who are transplanted with the best donor embryos, which allows to obtain a full-fledged offspring adapted to local environmental conditions. A detailed scheme of obtaining, evaluation, storage, as well as the cost and economic effect of embryo transplantation was calculated, the market was evaluated, the required annual volume of transplants and the number of donor cows for large livestock farms were determined. As a positive example of "Scientific-production enterprise "Centre of biotechnology and embryo transfer" in 2014, implemented a project for accelerated replacement and genetic improvement of the dairy herd, engraftment averaged 57-69%, and the economic effect of the enterprise from getting a single animal by the method of embryo transfer, compared with imports of similar close in quality, ranged from 60 to 100 thousand rubles on his head. It is shown that it is necessary to organize at the state level a developed service for embryo transplantation to reduce the cost of embryo transfer and the possibility of creating in a short time in the country's own highly productive breeding nucleus of dairy and beef cattle, which will reduce, and in the future completely eliminate, import dependence on cattle products.

Probiotics in the diets of laying quails

2020 ◽  
pp. 60-66
Author(s):  
O. Merzlyakova ◽  
V. Rogachyev ◽  
V. Chegodaev
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Bacillus Licheniformis ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
The Cost

The efficiency of introducing probiotics based on strains of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and their consortium in the amount of 150 g/t of feed into the diets of laying quails has been studied. The experiment lasting 182 days has been carried out on four groups of quails with 30 heads in each. The quails have been housed in the broiler battery in compliance with the required microclimate conditions. Quails of all groups have been received the main diet (compound feed) developed taking into account their age and physiological characteristics. The quails of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd experimental groups in addition to the main diet received probiotics (150 g/t compound feed) based on strains Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and their consortium, respectively. It has been found that feeding the laying quails of the consortium of strains Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis had the most significant positive impact on their productive performance, it allowed to increase egg production by 7,81 %, egg laying intensity by 5,0 %, egg mass yield by 9,77 %, while reducing feed expenditures for 10 eggs by 13,35 %. The yield of hatching eggs has been increased by 7,03 %, hatchability of chickens from laid and fertilized eggs by 8,33 and 8,35 %, brooding waste decreased by 21,74 %. Hematological parameters of quails during the whole experiment were within the physiological norm. The economic effect calculated on the basis of data on the cost of compound feed, probiotics and the cost of sold eggs of quail laying was 14,56 % in the 3rd experimental group (in relation to the control group).

scholarly journals Cost of Management of Diabetes Mellitus: A Pan India Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 097275312199849
Author(s):  
Raghuram Nagarathna ◽  
M Madhava ◽  
Suchitra S Patil ◽  
Amit Singh ◽  
K. Perumal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Noncommunicable Disease ◽  
Cost Of Treatment ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Cost Of Disease ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Prevalence Of Diabetes Mellitus

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a major noncommunicable disease. While mortality rates are increasing, the costs of managing the disease are also increasing. The all-India average monthly expenditure per person (pppm) is reported to be ₹ 1,098.25, which translates to an annual expenditure of ₹13,179 per person. Purpose: While a number of studies have gone into the aspect of the cost of disease management, we do not find any study which has pan-India reach. We also do not find studies that focus on differences (if any) between rural and urban areas, age or on the basis of gender. We planned to report the cost of illness (COI) in diabetes individuals as compared to others from the data of a pan-India trial. Methods: Government of India commissioned the Indian Yoga Association to study the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in India in 2017. As part of the questionnaire, the cost of treatment was also captured. Data collected from 25 states and union territories were analyzed using the analysis of covriance (ANCOVA) test on SPSS version 21. Results: There was a significant difference ( P < .05) between the average expenses per person per month (pppm) of individuals with self-reported known diabetes (₹1,357.65 pppm) and others (unknown and/or nondiabetes individuals–₹ 999.91 pppm). Similarly, there was a significant difference between rural (₹2,893 pppm) and urban (₹4,162 pppm) participants and between those below (₹1,996 pppm) and above 40 years (₹5,059 pppm) of age. Conclusion: This preliminary report has shown that the COI because of diabetes is significantly higher than others pointing to an urgent need to promote disease-preventive measures.

scholarly journals Why Do Some Firms Spend So Much on Medical Care? Accounting for Variation

2000 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Eichner ◽  
Mark McClellan ◽  
David A. Wise
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Cost ◽  
Health Care Expenditures ◽  
Cost Of Treatment ◽  
Consistent Method ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cost Differences ◽  
Average Expenditure

We are engaged in a long-term project to analyze the determinants of health care cost differences across firms. An important first step is to summarize the nature of expenditure differences across plans. The goal of this article is to develop methods for identifying and quantifying those factors that account for the wide differences in health care expenditures observed across plans.We consider eight plans that vary in average expenditure for individuals filing claims, from a low of $1,645 to a high of $2,484. We present a statistically consistent method for decomposing the cost differences across plans into component parts based on demographic characteristics of plan participants, the mix of diagnoses for which participants are treated, and the cost of treatment for particular diagnoses. The goal is to quantify the contribution of each of these components to the difference between average cost and the cost in a given firm. The demographic mix of plan enrollees accounts for wide differnces in cost ($649). Perhaps the most noticeable feature of the results is that, after adjusting for demographic mix, the difference in expenditures accounted for by the treatment costs given diagnosis ($807) is almost as wide as the unadjusted range in expenditures ($838). Differences in cost due to the different illnesses that are treated, after adjusting for demographic mix, also accounts for large differences in cost ($626). These components of cost do not move together; for example, demographic mix may decrease expenditure under a particular plan while the diagnosis mix may increase costs.Our hope is that understanding the reasons for cost differences across plans will direct more focused attention to controlling costs. Indeed, this work is intended as an important first step toward that goal.

Progress and Prospects for the Development of Computer-Generated Actors for Military Simulation: Part 1-Introduction and Background

2003 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin R. Stytz ◽  
Sheila B. Banks
Keyword(s):  
Research Area ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Life Cycle Costs ◽  
Material Management ◽  
Reasoning System ◽  
Force Structure ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Level Training ◽  
Made In

The development of computer-generated synthetic environments, also calleddistributed virtual environments, for military simulation relies heavily upon computer-generated actors (CGAs) to provide accurate behaviors at reasonable cost so that the synthetic environments are useful, affordable, complex, and realistic. Unfortunately, the pace of synthetic environment development and the level of desired CGA performance continue to rise at a much faster rate than CGA capability improvements. This insatiable demand for realism in CGAs for synthetic environments arises from the growing understanding of the significant role that modeling and simulation can play in a variety of venues. These uses include training, analysis, procurement decisions, mission rehearsal, doctrine development, force-level and task-level training, information assurance, cyberwarfare, force structure analysis, sustainability analysis, life cycle costs analysis, material management, infrastructure analysis, and many others. In these and other uses of military synthetic environments, computer-generated actors play a central role because they have the potential to increase the realism of the environment while also reducing the cost of operating the environment. The progress made in addressing the technical challenges that must be overcome to realize effective and realistic CGAs for military simulation environments and the technical areas that should be the focus of future work are the subject of this series of papers, which survey the technologies and progress made in the construction and use of CGAs. In this, the first installment in the series of three papers, we introduce the topic of computer-generated actors and issues related to their performance and fidelity and other background information for this research area as related to military simulation. We also discuss CGA reasoning system techniques and architectures.

Repair of Protruding Bilateral Cleft Lip and Palate With Staged Premaxilla Setback Osteotomy, Cheiloplasty, and Palatoplasty in Trisomy 17p Patient: A Review of Syndromic Clinical Characteristic

2021 ◽  
pp. 105566562110698
Author(s):  
Kristaninta Bangun ◽  
Jessica Halim ◽  
Vika Tania
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Chromosome 17 ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Surgical Strategies ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Cost

Chromosome 17 duplication is correlated with an increased risk of developmental delay, birth defects, and intellectual disability. Here, we reported a female patient with trisomy 17 on the whole short arm with bilateral complete cleft lip and palate (BCLP). This study will review the surgical strategies to reconstruct the protruding premaxillary segment, cleft lip, and palate in trisomy 17p patient. The patient had heterozygous pathogenic duplication of chromosomal region chr17:526-18777088 on almost the entire short arm of chromosome 17. Beside the commonly found features of trisomy 17p, the patient also presented with BCLP with a prominent premaxillary portion. Premaxillary setback surgery was first performed concomitantly with cheiloplasty. The ostectomy was performed posterior to the vomero-premaxillary suture (VPS). The premaxilla was firmly adhered to the lateral segment and the viability of philtral flap was not compromised. Two-flap palatoplasty with modified intravelar veloplasty (IVV) was performed 4 months after. Successful positioning of the premaxilla segment, satisfactory lip aesthetics, and vital palatal flap was obtained from premaxillary setback, primary cheiloplasty, and subsequent palatoplasty in our trisomy 17p patient presenting with BLCP. Postoperative premaxillary stability and patency of the philtral and palatal flap were achieved. Longer follow-up is needed to evaluate the long-term effects of our surgical techniques on inhibition of midfacial growth. However, the benefits that the patient received from the surgery in improving feeding capacity and facial appearance early in life outweigh the cost of possible maxillary retrusion.

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