scholarly journals Heat and Water Balance Estimates over the Tibetan Plateau in 1997-1998

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 577-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianqing XU ◽  
Shigenori HAGINOYA ◽  
Kooiti MASUDA ◽  
Rikie SUZUKI
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau

scholarly journals What are the key drivers of regional differences in the water balance on the Tibetan Plateau?

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 4271-4314 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Biskop ◽  
F. Maussion ◽  
P. Krause ◽  
M. Fink
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Hydrological Modeling ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Nam Co ◽  
Water Balance Components ◽  
South Central ◽  
Lake Basins

Abstract. Lake-level fluctuations in closed basins on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) indicate climate-induced changes in the regional water balance. However, little is known about the region's key hydrological parameters, hampering the interpretation of these changes. The purpose of this study is to contribute to a more quantitative understanding of these controls. Four lakes in the south-central part of the TP were selected to analyze the spatiotemporal variations of water-balance components: Nam Co and Tangra Yumco (indicating increasing water levels), and Mapam Yumco and Paiku Co (indicating stable or slightly decreasing water levels). We present the results of an integrated approach combining hydrological modeling, atmospheric-model output and remote-sensing data. The hydrological model J2000g was adapted and extended according to the specific characteristics of closed lake basins on the TP and driven with "High Asia Refined analysis (HAR)" data at 10 km resolution for the period 2001–2010. Our results reveal that because of the small portion of glacier areas (1 to 7% of the total basin area) the contribution of glacier melt water accounts for only 14–30% of total runoff during the study period. Precipitation is found to be the principal factor controlling the water-balance in the four studied basins. The positive water balance in the Nam Co and Tangra Yumco basins was primarily related to larger precipitation amounts and thus higher runoff rates in comparison with the Paiku Co and Mapam Yumco basins. This study highlights the benefits of combining atmospheric and hydrological modeling. The presented approach can be readily transferred to other ungauged lake basins on the TP, opening new directions of research. Future work should go towards increasing the atmospheric model's spatial resolution and a better assessment of the model-chain uncertainties, especially in this region where observational data is missing.

Simulation and analysis of glacier runoff and mass balance in the Nam Co basin, southern Tibetan Plateau

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (227) ◽  
pp. 447-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gao Tanguang ◽  
Kang Shichang ◽  
Lan Cuo ◽  
Zhang Tingjun ◽  
Zhang Guoshuai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Mass Balance ◽  
Glacier Mass Balance ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Distributed Hydrological Model ◽  
Index Method ◽  
Glacier Melt ◽  
Glacier Runoff ◽  
Southern Tibetan Plateau

AbstractRunoff estimation in high-altitude glacierized basins is an important issue on the Tibetan Plateau. To investigate glacier mass balance, runoff and water balance in the Qugaqie basin and Zhadang sub-basin in the southern Tibetan Plateau, two glacier models and three snow models were integrated into the spatially distributed hydrological model JAMS/J2K. The results showed that the temperature index method simulated glacier runoff better than the degree-day factor method. The simulated glacier melt volume in the Qugaqie basin in 2006, 2007 and 2008 contributed 58%, 50% and 41%, respectively, to its total runoff. In the Zhadang basin, the glacier melt volume contributed 78% and 66% to its runoff during 2007 and 2008, respectively. Compared with the observation results, the simulated glacier mass balance showed similar variations with slightly higher values, indicating an underestimation of glacier melt volume. The water balance simulation in the upstream areas (705–874 mm) was comparable to that in the downstream areas (1051–1502 mm) and generally lower than the observed results. In both basins, the glacier mass-balance simulation was relatively accurate in the melt season compared to the other seasons.

Evapotranspiration and water balance of high-elevation grassland on the Tibetan Plateau

2016 ◽  
Vol 533 ◽  
pp. 557-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heinz Coners ◽  
Wolfgang Babel ◽  
Sandra Willinghöfer ◽  
Tobias Biermann ◽  
Lars Köhler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau

scholarly journals The Implication of Heat and Water Balance Changes in a Lake Basin on the Tibetan Plateau

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianqing Xu ◽  
Shumei Yu ◽  
Jingshi Liu ◽  
Shigenori Haginoya ◽  
Yasushi Ishigooka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Lake Basin ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau

Evaluation of evapotranspiration estimates for two river basins on the Tibetan Plateau by a water balance method

2013 ◽  
Vol 492 ◽  
pp. 290-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bao-Lin Xue ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Xiuping Li ◽  
Kun Yang ◽  
Deliang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Balance Method ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Water Balance Method

scholarly journals Hydrological system analysis and modelling of the Nam Co basin in Tibet

2010 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 29-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Krause ◽  
S. Biskop ◽  
J. Helmschrot ◽  
W.-A. Flügel ◽  
S. Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Lake Level ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Nam Co ◽  
Ice Melt ◽  
Hydrological System ◽  
Nam Co Basin ◽  
Snow And Ice Melt

Abstract. The Tibetan Plateau and the adjacent high mountain regions of the Himalayas play an important role in the global climate dynamic through its impact on the Asian monsoon system, which in turn is impacting the water resources of this extremely vulnerable region. To provide further knowledge about the changing impact of rainfall patterns, spatial and temporal variability of snow cover contribution, amount of snow and ice melt runoff, evapotranspiration as well as dynamics of wetlands and permafrost water balance studies are required. This is of particular importance in terms of global climate change because of a severe gap in the knowledge of the short, mid and long term implications on the hydrological system. This study concentrates on the macroscale catchment of the lake Nam Co, located at 4718 m a.s.l. at the foot of the Nyainqentanglha Mountains in central Tibet (30° N, 90° E). The water balance of the Nam Co basin is dominated by semi-arid climate, snow and ice melt runoff and high evaporation rates due to the high radiation input and the low air humidity. The observed temperature rise, glacier retreat, permafrost decay and lake level increase indicate significant system changes and the high sensitivity of the Tibetan Plateau on global warming. The development of a suitable water balance model and its preliminary application was the main objective of this study. The development was done with the Jena Adaptable Modelling System JAMS along with existing scientific process components of the J2000 module library which were partly further developed to reflect the specific conditions of the high elevation Nam Co basin. The preliminary modelling exercise based on gridded data from a downscaled ECHAM5 data set provided reasonable estimates about the important hydrological water balance components of the Nam Co basin. With the modelling results the observed lake level rise could be reproduced and it could be shown that the runoff from the glaciered areas seems to be the most important component to explain the increasing amount of lake water.

scholarly journals Evaluating remotely sensed monthly evapotranspiration against water balance estimates at basin scale in the Tibetan Plateau

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 1977-1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenbin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Interannual Variability ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Remotely Sensed ◽  
Energy Budgets ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Basin Scale

Abstract Global evapotranspiration (ET) products, as compensation for eddy-covariance observations, provide useful data sources for understanding terrestrial water-energy budgets at different scales, especially for data-sparse regions. Here, we evaluated three remotely sensed ET products against water balance-based reference ET () in 16 river basins across the Tibetan Plateau (TP) on a monthly time scale from 1983 to 2011. The results indicated that ET_GLEAM performed the best overall across the 16 TP river basins in terms of the multi-year average and the interannual variability of monthly , followed by ET_ZHANG and ET_CSIRO. The multi-year means of monthly were better estimated overall by the three remotely sensed ET products rather than their interannual variability. However, the performances of the three ET datasets varied among different TP basins based on various evaluation criteria. The seasonal cycle of was better captured by ET_GLEAM, ET_ZHANG and ET_CSIRO in the Yalong, Yangtze and Salween Basins and the upper Yellow River Basins rather than that in the Yulongkashi, Bayin and Brahmaputra River Basins. Overall, the ET_GLEAM performed relatively better than other datasets. The evaluation results will provide important references for us to select suitable datasets and to apply them in basin-scale water-energy budget studies in data-sparse regions.

scholarly journals Terrestrial Water Storage Change Retrieved by GRACE and Its Implication in the Tibetan Plateau: Estimating Areal Precipitation in Ungauged Region

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 3129
Author(s):  
Yao Jia ◽  
Huimin Lei ◽  
Hanbo Yang ◽  
Qingfang Hu
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Balance Equation ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Terrestrial Water Storage ◽  
Water Balance Equation ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
Terrestrial Water ◽  
Areal Precipitation

The Tibetan Plateau (TP) is referred to as the water tower of Asia, where water storage and precipitation have huge impacts on most major Asian rivers. Based on gravity recovery and climate experiment data, this study analyzed the terrestrial water storage (TWS) changes and estimated areal precipitation based on the water balance equation in four different basins, namely, the upper Yellow River (UYE), the upper Yangtze River (UYA), the Yarlung Zangbo River (YZ), and the Qiangtang Plateau (QT). The results show that the TWS change exhibits different patterns in the four basins and varies from −13 to 2 mm/year from 2003 to 2017. The estimated mean annual precipitation was 260 ± 19 mm/year (QT), 697 ± 26 mm/year (UYA), 541 ± 36 mm/year (UYE), and 1160 ± 39 mm/year (YZ) which performed better than other precipitation products in the TP. It indicates a potential method for estimating basin-scale precipitation through integrating basin average precipitation from the water balance equation in the poorly gauged and ungauged regions.

The role of lakes in water cycling on the Tibetan Plateau under warming climate

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liping Zhu ◽  
Baojin Qiao ◽  
Ruimin Yang ◽  
Chong Liu ◽  
Junbo Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Lake Water ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Water Phase ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
Water Cycling

<p>The Tibetan Plateau is one of the most important high elevation areas on the earth, performing sensitive response to global changes. As the Asia water tower, high mountain melting water is important water supplies for human development in TP and surrounded areas, but water phase transition is less known, especially under the climatic warming. Lakes are links of water phase transition and water cycle in TP. Lake water storage variations are sensitive to precipitation differentiations in the domination of the Westerlies and Indian monsoon. However, lake water storage performs inconsistent response in different regions & time periods. Based upon water balance observation, lake water storage variations are influenced by different factors, which also changed during different time period. Lake water temperature and thermoclines vary with seasons, and change water temperature gradient which influence water-air heat exchange. Lake salinities generally decreased since 1970s in the Serling Co region due to increasing of water storage. Based upon more than 60 lakes monitoring correction, it is found that lake transparency generally increased during 2000-2017 inferred by remote sensing interpretation. To aim at the deep recognizing of interactions between lake water variations and climatic changes, we need to know lake water storages and their variations for whole region and consecutive time series. To understand how heat exchanges between changing lakes and atmosphere, we need more consecutive observation data from large lakes. Therefore, the proposed work is to finish more lake survey and water balance monitoring, and continue to improve water cycling studies in the large lake basin scale for deep understanding how water cycles accompanied with mass and nutrients under the warming climatic conditions.</p>

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