The Anopheles culicifacies and An. subpictus species complexes in Sri Lanka and their implications for malaria control in the country

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sinnathamby Noble Surendran ◽  
Ranjan Ramasamy
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Malaria Control ◽  
Anopheles Culicifacies ◽  
Species Complexes

scholarly journals Anopheles culicifacies breeding in brackish waters in Sri Lanka and implications for malaria control

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavilupillai J Jude ◽  
Sangaralingam Dharshini ◽  
Muthuladchumy Vinobaba ◽  
Sinnathamby N Surendran ◽  
Ranjan Ramasamy
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Malaria Control ◽  
Anopheles Culicifacies ◽  
Brackish Waters

scholarly journals The role of improved housing and living environments in malaria control and elimination

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Carter ◽  
Nadira D. Karunaweera
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Malaria Control ◽  
Housing Stock ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Malaria Risk ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
George Macdonald ◽  
Malaria Epidemiology

Abstract Malaria risk and endemicity is often associated with the nature of human habitation and living environment. The disappearance of malaria from regions where it had been endemic for centuries, such as coastal areas of southern England, has been attributed, at least in part, to improvement in the quality of housing. Moreover, indigenous malaria transmission ceased throughout England without the necessity to eliminate the vector mosquitoes. The principles of malaria transmission, as formulated following the thinking of the pioneers of malaria epidemiology, Ronald Ross and George Macdonald, show how this may happen. Malaria ceases to be sustainable where its reproduction number, R0, the number of new cases generated on average for each existing case of malaria, falls below 1. In the terms of a Ross/Macdonald analysis the reduced contact between humans and blood-feeding mosquitoes that is achieved through housing that is secure against mosquito entry can have a powerful effect in reducing malaria R0. The island of Sri Lanka, where malaria had been endemic probably for centuries previously, has reported no indigenous cases of malaria since 2012. The disappearance of malaria from Sri Lanka followed an effective attack upon malaria transmission by the Sri Lanka Anti Malaria Campaign. The targeted and enhanced efforts of this campaign launched in 1999, drove the malaria R0 below 1 for most of the period up to 2012, leading to a nearly continuous decline in malaria cases until their extinction. The decades leading up to the launch of these efforts were ones of general improvement of living environment and notably in the quality of housing stock. Studies in the late 1980s had shown that quality of housing in a highly malarious district of Sri Lanka was a strong determinant of malaria risk. Through its effects on malaria R0, improved housing is likely to have facilitated the malaria control and cessation of indigenous malaria transmission in Sri Lanka and that it will help reduce the risk of the re-introduction of malaria to the island.

scholarly journals Malaria Control and Elimination in Sri Lanka: Documenting Progress and Success Factors in a Conflict Setting

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. e43162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabindra R. Abeyasinghe ◽  
Gawrie N. L. Galappaththy ◽  
Cara Smith Gueye ◽  
James G. Kahn ◽  
Richard G. A. Feachem
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Malaria Control ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Conflict Setting

The influence of age and season on dispersal and recapture of Anopheles culicifacies in Sri Lanka

1981 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. RAWLINGS ◽  
C. F. CURTIS ◽  
M. B. WICKRAMASINGHE ◽  
J. LINES
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Anopheles Culicifacies

Anopheles culicifacies breeding in Sri Lanka and options for control through water management

Acta Tropica ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Konradsen ◽  
Y Matsuno ◽  
F.P Amerasinghe ◽  
P.H Amerasinghe ◽  
W van der Hoek
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Anopheles Culicifacies

The phycitine genera Faveria Walker, Morosaphycita, gen. nov., Epicrocis Zeller, Ptyobathra Turner and Vinicia Ragonot in Australia (Pyralidae: Phycitinae)

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Horak
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
Species Complexes

The phycitine genera Faveria Walker, Morosaphycita, gen. nov., Epicrocis Zeller, Ptyobathra Turner and Vinicia Ragonot are revised, based on their type species and 18 Australian species. Comprehensive descriptions and illustrations are given for the Australian species and the genitalia of some critical species from outside Australia are figured. Oligochroa Ragonot, Pristarthria Ragonot and Sclerobia Ragonot are junior synonyms of Faveria, with six Australian species including the type species Faveria laiasalis Walker and Faveria griseopuncta, sp. nov. Morosaphycita, gen. nov., is proposed for a group of species including the complex of Morosaphycita morosalis (SaalmÜller) with two new Australian species, the type of the genus M. tridens, sp. nov., and M. bispinosa, sp. nov. Canthelea Walker is treated as a junior synonym of Epicrocis, and E. festivella Zeller and E. oegnusalis (Walker) are part of two species complexes each including Australian species, E. pulchra, sp. nov., and E. atrilinea, sp. nov., with the former and E. metallopa (Lower) with the latter. Ptyobathra is based on an Australian species, but extends to Sri Lanka and Japan, whereas Vinicia is so far known only from Australia and New Zealand. Vinicia gypsopa (Meyrick) is synonymised with Vinicia digrammella (Meyrick). Lectotypes are designated for Pempelia strigiferella Meyrick, Pempelia rufitinctella Meyrick, Pempelia caliginosella Meyrick, Eucarphia cnephaeella Meyrick, Nephopteryx dasyptera Lower, Pempelia oculiferella Meyrick, Homoeosoma gratella Walker, Oligochroa atrisquamella Hampson, Nephopteryx hades Lower, Pempelia digrammella Meyrick, Salebria gypsopa Meyrick and Epicrocis macrota Meyrick.

Community factors affecting long-lasting impregnated mosquito net use for malaria control in Sri Lanka

2008 ◽  
Vol 102 (11) ◽  
pp. 1081-1088 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.D. Fernando ◽  
R.R. Abeyasinghe ◽  
G.N.L. Galappaththy ◽  
N. Gunawardena ◽  
L.C. Rajapakse
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Malaria Control ◽  
Mosquito Net ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Community Factors ◽  
Net Use
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