scholarly journals Impact of methoprene on oogenesis of the freshwater crab Travancoriana schirnerae Bott, 1969 (Decapoda: Gecarcinucidae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 165-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Latha Nadkandi Padmanabhan ◽  
Sudha Devi Arath Raghavan ◽  
Aswani Ayanath
Keyword(s):  
Oocyte Diameter ◽  
Freshwater Crab ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Ovarian Growth ◽  
Germinal Zone ◽  
General Metabolism ◽  
Sublethal Doses ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Platelet Formation

The current study investigated the impact of methoprene during different phases of oogenesis in the freshwater crab Travancoriana schirnerae Bott, 1969 (Decapoda: Gecarcinucidae), a non-target organism abundant in the wetlands of Wayanad, Kerala, India. Sublethal doses of methoprene impaired ovarian growth as evidenced by reduction in gonadosomatic values, fall in mean oocyte diameter and histopathological changes in all the phases of oogenesis. A significant drop in the proportion of mature oocytes in the experimental crabs were noticed, i.e. methoprene treatment delayed the growth of avitellogenic oocytes to previtellogenic and previtellogenic to early, middle or late vitellogenic stages. Reduction in proliferation of oogonia in the germinal zone and ruptured oolemma in chromatin nucleolus and perinuclear stage oocytes was persistent. Histopathological changes in the primary vitellogenic oocytes include karyoplasmic clumping, perinuclear space atresia, shrinkage and vacuolation of ooplasm, reduction in size of yolk globules and vacuolated globules and degeneration of follicle epithelium. Methoprene negatively affected yolk platelet formation as evidenced by the irregularly fused and distorted yolk platelets of late vitellogenic oocytes. The observed cellular deformities possibly suggest the direct effects of methoprene on the oocytes through general metabolism and growth or through hormones controlling ovarian growth.

scholarly journals Effect of ecdysteroids on oogenesis in the freshwater crab Travancoriana schirnerae Bott, 1969 (Crustacea: Gecarcinucidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 87-101
Author(s):  
Sudha Devi Arath Raghavan ◽  
Aswani Ayanath
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Gonadosomatic Index ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Oocyte Diameter ◽  
Freshwater Crab ◽  
Histological Features ◽  
Protein Substitute ◽  
Concurrent Control ◽  
Ovarian Growth ◽  
The Mean

This study evaluated the reproductive performance of female Travancoriana schirnerae Bott, 1969 (Crustacea: Gecarcinucidae) administered with 20-OH ecdysone during different phases of the oogenic cycle. The effect of administration was evaluated by comparing the mean gonadosomatic index, oocyte diameter, oocyte proportion values and histological features of the control and concurrent control ovaries with those of the experimentals. The results clearly indicated that 20-OH ecdysone can stimulate ovarian growth and maturation in all phases of the oogenic cycle, though it caused statistically significant effects only during the early and middle vitellogenic phases, evidenced from the accelerated gonadosomatic index, oocyte diameter and oocyte proportion values, occurrence of vitellogenic oocytes in avitellogenic and previtellogenic ovaries, increased degree of yolk deposition and proliferation of gonia in the experimental ovaries compared to the controls. The outcome of this study is quite promising in the aquaculture practice of this locally abundant edible freshwater crab which forms a cheap protein substitute for the malnourished tribes/poor people of Wayanad.

The Impact of Royal Jelly against Hepatic Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Hepatocyte Damage in Rats: The Role of Cytoglobin, Nrf-2/HO-1/COX-4, and P38-MAPK/NF-κB-p65/TNF-α Signaling Pathways

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-100
Author(s):  
Fares E.M. Ali ◽  
Heba M. Saad Eldien ◽  
Nashwa A.M. Mostafa ◽  
Abdulrahman H. Almaeen ◽  
Mohamed R.A. Marzouk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
P38 Mapk ◽  
Royal Jelly ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Down Regulation ◽  
Hepatic Ischemia ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Hepatic Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
The Impact

Objective: The present study was conducted to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism as well as the potential hepatoprotective effects of royal jelly (RJ) against hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury. Methods: Rats were assigned into four groups; sham (received vehicle), IR (30 minutes ischemia and 45 minutes reperfusion), sham pretreated with RJ (200 mg/kg P.O.), and IR pretreated with RJ (200 mg/kg P.O.). The experiment has lasted for 28 days. Results: Hepatic IR significantly induced hepatic dysfunctions, as manifested by elevation of serum transaminases, ALP and LDH levels. Moreover, hepatic IR caused a significant up-regulation of P38-MAPK, NF-κB-p65, TNF-α and MDA levels along with marked down-regulation of Nrf-2, HO-1, COX-4, cytoglobin, IκBa, IL-10, GSH, GST and SOD levels. Additionally, marked histopathological changes were observed after hepatic IR injury. On the contrary, pretreatment with RJ significantly improved hepatic functions along with the alleviation of histopathological changes. Moreover, RJ restored oxidant/antioxidant balance as well as hepatic expressions of Nrf-2, HO-1, COX-4, and cytoglobin. Simultaneously, RJ significantly mitigated the inflammatory response by down-regulation of P38-MAPK, NF-κB-p65, TNF-α expression. Conclusion: The present results revealed that RJ has successfully protected the liver against hepatic IR injury through modulation of cytoglobin, Nrf-2/HO-1/COX-4, and P38-MAPK/NF-κB-p65/TNF-α signaling pathways.

scholarly journals Impact of Chronic Exposure to Sublethal Doses of Glyphosate on Honey Bee Immunity, Gut Microbiota and Infection by Pathogens

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 845
Author(s):  
Loreley Castelli ◽  
Sofía Balbuena ◽  
Belén Branchiccela ◽  
Pablo Zunino ◽  
Joanito Liberti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Pollination Services ◽  
Deformed Wing Virus ◽  
Immune Genes ◽  
Bee Health ◽  
Honey Bee Health ◽  
Sublethal Doses ◽  
The Impact

Glyphosate is the most used pesticide around the world. Although different studies have evidenced its negative effect on honey bees, including detrimental impacts on behavior, cognitive, sensory and developmental abilities, its use continues to grow. Recent studies have shown that it also alters the composition of the honey bee gut microbiota. In this study we explored the impact of chronic exposure to sublethal doses of glyphosate on the honey bee gut microbiota and its effects on the immune response, infection by Nosema ceranae and Deformed wing virus (DWV) and honey bee survival. Glyphosate combined with N. ceranae infection altered the structure and composition of the honey bee gut microbiota, for example by decreasing the relative abundance of the core members Snodgrassella alvi and Lactobacillus apis. Glyphosate increased the expression of some immune genes, possibly representing a physiological response to mitigate its negative effects. However, this response was not sufficient to maintain honey bee health, as glyphosate promoted the replication of DWV and decreased the expression of vitellogenin, which were accompanied by a reduced life span. Infection by N. ceranae also alters honey bee immunity although no synergistic effect with glyphosate was observed. These results corroborate previous findings suggesting deleterious effects of widespread use of glyphosate on honey bee health, and they contribute to elucidate the physiological mechanisms underlying a global decline of pollination services.

scholarly journals Resilience Against COVID-19: How Italy Faced the Pandemic in Pediatric Orthopedics and Traumatology

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 530
Author(s):  
Giovanni Trisolino ◽  
Renato Maria Toniolo ◽  
Lorenza Marengo ◽  
Daniela Dibello ◽  
Pasquale Guida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trauma Surgery ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Emergency Department Visits ◽  
Pediatric Orthopedics ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Pediatric Orthopedic ◽  
Orthopedic Patients ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Second Wave

Background: We aimed to investigate the variation of medical and surgical activities in pediatric orthopedics in Italy, during the year of the COVID-19 pandemic, in comparison with data from the previous two years. The differences among the first wave, phase 2 and second wave were also analyzed. Methods: We conducted a retrospective multicenter study regarding the clinical and surgical activities in pediatric orthopedics during the pandemic and pre-pandemic period. The hospital databases of seven tertiary referral centers for pediatric orthopedics and traumatology were queried for events regarding pediatric orthopedic patients from 1 March 2018 to 28 February 2021. Surgical procedures were classified according to the “SITOP Priority Panel”. An additional classification in “high-priority” and “low-priority” surgery was also applied. Results: Overall, in 2020, we observed a significant drop in surgical volumes compared to the previous two years. The decrease was different across the different classes of priority, with “high-priority” surgery being less influenced. The decrease in emergency department visits was almost three-fold greater than the decrease in trauma surgery. During the second wave, a lower decline in surgical interventions and a noticeable resumption of “low-priority” surgery and outpatient visits were observed. Conclusion: Our study represents the first nationwide survey quantifying the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on pediatric orthopedics and traumatology during the first and second wave.

Reflections on the biochemistry ofEchinococcus: past, present and future

Parasitology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 136 (12) ◽  
pp. 1643-1652 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. McMANUS
Keyword(s):  
Hydatid Disease ◽  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Species Variation ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Tegumental Surface ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
General Metabolism ◽  
New Research ◽  
The Impact

SUMMARYThis review discusses 5 of my earliest papers on the biochemistry of larvalEchinococcuspublished inParasitologyin the 1970s and 1980s. Two of the publications consider aspects of the basic biochemistry, intermediary metabolism and the regulation of respiratory pathways inE. granulosusandE. multilocularis, and emphasize the existence of inter- and intra-species variation in their general metabolism. The third reports on the detailed biochemical analysis of the tegumental surface of the protoscolex ofE. granulosus, and the final 2 papers describe the genomic cloning ofEchinococcusDNA fragments and their use, along with other DNA markers, in molecular identification ofE. granulosusisolates collected worldwide from areas endemic for hydatid disease. A number of years have elapsed since these publications inParasitologyand, in this Centenary Issue article, I reflect briefly on some of the subsequent studies undertaken in these research areas that have advanced the field. As well, I provide brief insight on new research directions, emphasizing the impact of molecular biology and associated techniques on future studies ofEchinococcusand hydatid disease.

scholarly journals Poisoning of Dogs in the Republic of Macedonia- Pathomorphological Changes and the Impact on Animal Welfare

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-207
Author(s):  
Ivica Gjurovski ◽  
Monika Dovenska ◽  
Aleksandar Janevski ◽  
Trpe Ristoski
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Animal Suffering ◽  
Republic Of Macedonia ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Comparison Of The Results ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The illegal poisoning of dogs and other domestic and wild animals presents a worldwide problem causing animal suffering and R. Macedonia is not an exeption. The goal of this study is to make a comparison of the results from the histopathological examination conducted among poisoned dogs in the Republic of Macedonia. Morphological and histopathological changes in poisoned dogs were investigated for a period of 10 years. The examination was performed on 31 dogs, 13 of which were home kept, 7 were street dogs and 11 of unknown origin. The most significant necropsy findings concerned the inflammatory and necrotic processes of the gastrointestinal tract. The histopathological changes were mainly located in the kidneys, stomach, intestines and the lungs.

scholarly journals Analysis of Factors Affecting the Auditory Attention of Non-native Speakers in e-Learning Environments

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. pp159-169
Author(s):  
Nikesh Bajaj ◽  
Jesús Requena Carrión ◽  
Francesco Bellotti ◽  
Riccardo Berta ◽  
Alessandro De Gloria
Keyword(s):  
Learning Environments ◽  
English Language ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Sentence Length ◽  
Language Abilities ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Listening Task ◽  
The Impact

: One of the most striking characteristics of e-Learning audiences is their diversity. Native and non-native learners can be expected among such audiences and therefore, when developing e-Learning courses it is important to consider the impact of the language level on learning. Specifically, non-native learners are expected to have a diminished auditory perception compared to native ones and hence reduced attention capabilities that could result in a poorer performance. In this study, we assess the impact of linguistic and auditory factors on the attention of non-native learners, namely semanticity, sentence length and noise level. An English language platform mimicking real e-Learning environments is used and attention is quantified by measuring the number of English words correctly identified during a listening task. Our results show that changes in each factor affect the attention score significantly. Interestingly, the effects of semanticity are apparent in noiseless environment, but vanish in noisy ones.  Results also show that in noiseless environments, a change in the length of semantic sentences from small or medium to long causes a significant drop in the attention score. Our results demonstrate the importance of carefully accounting for linguistic and auditory factors when designing effective e-Learning courses, especially when they target global audiences and learners with different language abilities are expected.

scholarly journals Management of Malaria in Children Younger Than 5 Years Old During Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic in Sierra Leone: A Lesson Learned?

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danilo Buonsenso ◽  
Francesco Iodice ◽  
Bianca Cinicola ◽  
Francesca Raffaelli ◽  
Solia Sowa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Malaria Diagnosis ◽  
Peripheral Region ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Proactive Approach ◽  
The Impact

Growing evidences are showing the potential indirect effects of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) on the health systems of low-resource settings, where diseases such as Tuberculosis, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Malaria represent major killers. Therefore, we performed a retrospective study aimed to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on Malaria programs in a peripheral region of Sierra Leone, previously involved by the Ebola outbreak in 2015, when malaria care have been impaired since local health systems were overwhelmed by Ebola cases. During COVID-19 in Sierra Leone, we did not notice a significant drop in malaria diagnosis in children, suggesting that a proactive approach in the management of malaria in endemic countries during COVID-19 may have had a positive impact. A comprehensive approach that include also educational activities to sensitize the local population, was useful to guarantee successful malaria diagnosis and treatment, and prevents excess of malaria deaths due to potential disruption of the local health systems related to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

scholarly journals Impact of Pressure Injury Prevention Protocol in Home Care Services on the Prevalence of Pressure Injuries in the Dubai Community

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 99-104
Author(s):  
Sajitha Prasad ◽  
Nazneen Hussain ◽  
Sangeeta Sharma ◽  
Somy Chandy ◽  
Jessy Kurien
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Home Care ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Care Plan ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Braden Scale ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Prevention Protocol ◽  
The Impact

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Pressure injuries (PIs) in the community have emerged as a health care burden in the past few years, leading to high rates of morbidity and mortality among the elderly population. There is evidence that simple risk assessment tools and protocols have reduced the prevalence of PIs considerably by shifting the focus to timely prevention and adequate management. The prevalence of PIs is high in home care setting and utilizes a major share of the organizational resources for its treatment and prevention. <b><i>Aim:</i></b> This study aims to assess the impact of the newly developed PI prevention protocol for home care patients in Dubai. The objectives are to evaluate effective implementation of the proposed protocol and its impact on the prevalence of PIs in the community to identify the gaps for improvement in the future. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This retrospective observational was conducted in 13 primary health care centers in Dubai, UAE. Data were collected from 249 patients’ records at an average age of 75.5 ± 14.5 years old with compromised mobility (bedbound/chairbound) from January to July 2019. The PI prevalence was assessed before and after 6 months of implementing the PI prevention protocol and comparison was done using a standardized skin assessment scale (Braden Scale). Internationally validated tools from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality and National Institute for Health and Care Excellence were used to ensure the reliable use of the Braden Scale and PI protocol compliance. The prevalence was calculated from the existing key performance indicators in the home care office and considering the significant improvement at <i>p</i> value of &#x3c;0.05. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The findings in the first quarter revealed a significant drop in both prevalence (9.0%) and incidence rate (6.0%) to approximately 2.0%. Overall PIs prevalence declined significantly after implementing the protocol (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.0001) among both genders. Also, a significant improvement was detected in the use of Braden Scale and multidisciplinary care plan (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.0001). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> This study indicates that standardization of care delivery reduces the increased risk and incidence of PIs with a potentially positive outcome on PI prevalence.

Did the PCAOB's Restrictions on Auditors' Tax Services Improve Audit Quality?

2015 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 1493-1512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clive S. Lennox
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Audit Quality ◽  
Auditor Independence ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Going Concern ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT In 2005–2006, the PCAOB imposed restrictions on auditors' tax services in order to strengthen auditor independence and improve audit quality. The restrictions resulted in a significant drop in auditor-provided tax services (APTS). To test the impact on audit quality, I partition the sample into a treatment group (companies whose APTS purchases dropped significantly when the restrictions were introduced) and a control group (companies whose APTS purchases were relatively unaffected) and I measure audit quality using the incidence of accounting misstatements, tax-related misstatements, and auditors' going-concern opinions. Using a difference-in-differences design, I find no change in audit quality for the treatment group relative to the control group after the restrictions are imposed.

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