scholarly journals Ethnozoology of bats (Mammalia, Chiroptera) in Feira de Santana Municipality, Bahia State, Northeastern Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 147-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria da Conceição Borges Gomes ◽  
Eraldo Medeiros Costa Neto ◽  
Martin Roberto del Valle Alvarez
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
General Medical Care ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Ancient Times

The ethnozoology studies several manifestations of humans on fauna, whether inspired by affection, rejection, contempt or reverence, which are generally based on local beliefs and symbols. Bats stand out amongst those animals that make up the mythopoetic imaginary since ancient times. This paper records how bats are perceived by rural and urban inhabitants of the Municipality of Feira de Santana, Bahia State, Brazil. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews. Two hundred participants were randomly chosen, 100 residents living in rural areas and 100 living in different districts of the municipality. Data were analyzed qualitatively, considering the set of responses provided by all interviewees. The results showed that the lack of information is the main cause of adverse reactions that people have by bats. Most of these reactions are due to lack of knowledge on bats behavior, especially when it comes to their feeding habits, since the majority of the respondents believed that the consumption of blood is the prevalent diet. After each new interview, information about feeding habits, behavior and general medical care to be taken when having contact with bats, were offered to the participants. This study suggests that education is one of the suitable tools to minimize prejudice against bats.

scholarly journals ALS Curriculum Implementation for Juvenile Delinquents in Urban and Rural Areas in the Philippines: A Comparative Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Vandon Borela
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Juvenile Delinquents ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Learning System ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Alternative Learning ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Purpose: The aim of this research study is to evaluate the implementation of Alternative Learning System (ALS) curriculum offered to juvenile delinquents in urban and rural areas in the Philippines. The study also aims to determine whether the current education programs meet the needs of the juvenile delinquents with reference to Juvenile delinquency acts. The study is an attempt to highlight the aspects of Alternative Learning System (ALS) that should be developed.  Approach/Methodology/Design: The study is qualitative and conducted in Marikina City and Rizal province, the Philippines. This study used exploratory study analysis. The respondents are the Alternative Learning System (ALS) teachers. For data collection, three semi-structured interviews were employed and the respondents’ answers were categorized using analytical coding to compare and analyze the implementation of the ALS curriculum for juvenile delinquents. Findings: The interpretation and analysis of the data collected shows that the ALS teachers from both the rural and urban areas have the same experiences on the implementation of the ALS program for juvenile delinquents in terms of curriculum, instruction and assessment. Furthermore, the teachers gave an emphasis that once the juvenile delinquents undergo the program, they are given a new hope and new direction in life to pursue their dreams. Lastly, the teachers from both areas have the same suggestions for the improvement of the implementation of the program, such as additional funds for the development of quality learning materials, increasing the number of learning centers, and designing various forms of assessment.  Practical Implications: The study will contribute positively to the understanding of Alternative learning System. The significance of this study lies in the comparison of the alternative learning system curriculum and how it is implemented to the juvenile delinquents in urban and in rural areas. Originality/value: This study engages ALS teachers in assessing the ALS curriculum, reflecting actual experiences to meet the expectations and needs of the juvenile delinquents.

scholarly journals Hábitos de alimentación y actividad física de Menores Extranjeros No Acompañados (MENAs): un estudio de caso (Food and physical activity habits of foreign unaccompanied minors living in a shelter home: a case study)

Retos ◽  
2015 ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
José Ignacio Menéndez Santurio ◽  
Javier Fernández-Río
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Home Country ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Unaccompanied Minors ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Qualitative Research Methodology

El objetivo de la investigación fue conocer los hábitos deportivos y de alimentación de todos los Menores Extranjeros No Acompañados (MENAs) residentes en un centro de acogida del municipio de Gijón gestionado por la entidad ACCEM (Asociación Comisión Católica Española de Migración). Seis personas accedieron a participar. Para extraer información se utilizó una metodología de tipo cualitativo y entrevistas semi-estructuradas como técnica de recogida de datos. Los resultados muestran que, como en su país de origen, los jóvenes realizan con frecuencia actividad física en España. Algunos hábitos deportivos han sido afectados por el desconocimiento del idioma, la carga de las actividades educativas, el desconocimiento de la oferta de la zona y su coste. Los hábitos de alimentación también son similares a los de su país de origen en número de comidas y alimentos, pero han sufrido cambios por la ausencia de la familia y la divergencia socio-cultural-religiosa. El acogimiento asistencial parece haber ayudado a que sus hábitos físico-deportivos y alimenticios no hayan cambiado drásticamente.Abstract. The aim of the study was to assess physical activity and feeding habits of Foreign Unaccompanied Minors living in a shelter home in the city of Gijón managed by the non-for-profit association ACCEM (Asociación Comisión Católica Española de Migración). Six people agreed to participate. To gather information, qualitative research methodology was used. Semi-structured interviews were employed to obtain data. Results showed that participants, as in their home country, often perform physical activity. Some habits have been affected by language problems, education workload, and lack of information about the sport opportunities and costs in their residence area. Feeding habits such as number of meals and food are also similar to those in their home country, but they have also been modified by the absence of the family and the socio-cultural-religious divergence. Institutionalization seems to help avoiding sharp changes in the physical and eating habits in these minors.

Parental evidence of impact of policy on worst forms of child labour in rural and urban Ghana

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-260
Author(s):  
Obed Adonteng-Kissi
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Child Labour ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Framework Approach ◽  
Legislative Reforms ◽  
Evidence Of Impact

AbstractThis paper aimed to ascertain parental evidence of impact of policy on worst forms of child labour (WFCL) in rural and urban Ghana amongst 460 participants: I utilised 400 survey participants whose children were/were not involved in child labour and analysed using descriptive and inferential statistical techniques and applying the Stata Version 13 software. I also utilised 60 government officials; NGO representatives; and both parents whose children were/were not involved in child labour. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with parents (10), stakeholders (10), focus groups (30); and participant observation techniques (10) were utilised to gather the needed data and purposively sampled across rural areas (Ankaase, Anwiankwanta and Kensere), and urban areas (Jamestown, Korle Gonno and Chorkor) in Ghana. Interviews were recorded, transcribed utilising a framework approach as the main qualitative data analysis method. Parental evidence suggests that new laws, legislative reforms, programmes and activities have helped to reduce WFCL in Ghana.

scholarly journals Patient desire for spiritual assessment is unmet in urban and rural primary care settings

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph R. Fuchs ◽  
Jeffrey W. Fuchs ◽  
Joshua M. Hauser ◽  
Marilyn E. Coors
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Spiritual Assessment ◽  
The Past ◽  
Rural And Urban

Abstract Background Incorporation of patient religious and spiritual beliefs in medical care has been shown to improve the efficacy of medical interventions and health outcomes. While previous study has highlighted differences in patient desire for spiritual assessment based on patient religiosity, little is known about patient desire for spiritual assessment based on community type, particularly in urban compared to rural communities. We hypothesized that, given demographic trends which show a higher degree of religiosity in rural areas, patients in rural communities will be more likely to desire spiritual assessment. Methods In this cross-sectional study of 141 adult primary care patients in rural and urban Colorado at non-religiously affiliated clinics, we surveyed patient demographic information, measures of religiosity, patient desire for spiritual assessment, and frequency of spiritual assessment in practice. Univariate logistic regression analyses were used to compare the two populations. Results In both Denver County (urban) and Lincoln County (rural) over 90% of patients identified as religious, spiritual, or a combination of the two. Thirty eight percent (38.3%) of patients in Denver County and 49.1% of patients in Lincoln desired spiritual assessment. Over 97% of patients in both areas reported rarely or never being asked about their R/S within the past year. For patients who have had five or more clinic visits in the past year, more than 91% in both areas stated they have never or rarely been asked about their beliefs. Conclusions While the majority of patients in this study identify as religious or spiritual and many patients desire spiritual assessment, the majority of patients have never or rarely been asked about their spirituality within the past year. This demonstrates a significant gap between patient preference and provider practice of spiritual assessment in the primary care setting, which was similar in both rural and urban settings. This highlights the need for interdisciplinary focus on spiritual assessment and incorporation of patient R/S beliefs in medical care to provide holistic patient care and improve health outcomes.

scholarly journals Roma Youth Between Traditional Education and Current Occupations

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-140
Author(s):  
Diana-Maria Hulea
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Traditional Education ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Family ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Abstract Traditionally, in the Roma family, the woman is responsible for educating the children, from birth to marriage. Thus, she has an educational role of prime importance that helps to ensure the group’s survival, along with its characteristics and traditions. The father teaches his sons the traditional craft.The main purpose of this article is to present aspects of the traditional education provided by the Roma family and to explain the Roma attitude towards school, but also to explain the relationship between traditional education and current occupation of Roma young people. The data collection method used was the semi-structured interviews on 42 people, both from rural and urban areas.It was found that the traditional Roma family provides continuing education based on mutual respect between children and adults without a division between theoretical education and the apprenticeship of roles in the family. The family also provides the economic discipleship, as the child learns ways to support his family. It was noted that for Roma living in urban and rural areas, schooling is not particularly important. However it was also noted that they have changed their way of thinking to some extent, because they realize that it is very important to know how to read and write. Regarding the current occupations it can be argued that, in general, Roma young people develop economic activities that imply some degree of independence. We observe an attitude of rejection towards income-generating activities that involve compliance with a fixed schedule, inclusion in a group of colleagues and strict conditions in the workplace.

scholarly journals An International Overview of Certified Practices in Creative Tourism in Rural and Urban Territories

2020 ◽  
pp. 109634802095079
Author(s):  
Paula Remoaldo ◽  
Olga Matos ◽  
Isabel Freitas ◽  
Ricardo Gôja ◽  
Juliana Araújo Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Creative Industries ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Urban Territories ◽  
Urban Institutions

A large number of destinations have been experimenting a changeover from the current massified cultural tourism to a creative tourism model. In this new model of tourism, urban territories have been privileged by its implementation, and in the past 20 years, urban studies on cultural and creative industries and initiatives have been taking place in large cities marginalizing small-sized cities and specifically rural areas. This article envisages assessing the differences between rural and urban institutions/platforms, mainly certified by the Creative Tourism Network, in what concerns the practices and offers in creative tourism worldwide. A database of 20 items was organized and a typology was used to categorize the type of territory of intervention for each institution. A total of 24 institutions from several countries were surveyed and a qualitative analysis was done and supported by the narratives of their leaders. Urban areas revealed to have a more active and diverse creative tourism activities. The results provide the need for more consolidated communication strategies and partnerships for these activities to become economically more sustainable. In addition, this research provides researchers and practitioners relevant information of how creative tourism is developed in rural and urban territories, the gaps and lack of information, and all the possible directions toward the development of the creative tourism industry.

RURAL MEDICINE. CONDITION AND ISSUES

2020 ◽  
pp. 103-110
Author(s):  
Yuliya M. Beglyakova ◽  
◽  
Aleksander S. Shchirskii ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Rural Medicine ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Medical Facilities ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Number Of Treatment ◽  
The Village

The article analyses the accessibility of medical facilities in rural areas of modern Russia and the specifics of their organization and development. The authors reveal causes why rural residents have much less opportunities to seek quality medical care than urban ones, what leads to a disparity between the inhabitants of the city and the village. The thesis is substantiated that state programmes that should make health services accessible to the rural population to a greater extent do not cope with the task at hand. An attempt is made to highlight the public’s response to the existing disparity in the health services of the villagers compared to urban dwellers. Such a reaction can be considered an outflow of people from rural areas, and an increase in self-medication among rural people as a result of the difficulty in obtaining health services. The decrease in the number of treatment facilities in rural areas leads to a deterioration in the medicine situation in rural areas. That, according to the authors of the article, justifies the need to study the issues associated with the provision of medical care to the rural population.

TURNING FARMERS INTO SOCIAL FARMER ENTREPRENEURS FOR DISADVANTAGED PEOPLE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Remus Runcan
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Physical Work ◽  
Healthy Environment ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural Development Programme ◽  
Rural And Urban

According to Romania’s National Rural Development Programme, the socio-economic situation of the rural environment has a large number of weaknesses – among which low access to financial resources for small entrepreneurs and new business initiatives in rural areas and poorly developed entrepreneurial culture, characterized by a lack of basic managerial knowledge – but also a large number of opportunities – among which access of the rural population to lifelong learning and entrepreneurial skills development programmes and entrepreneurs’ access to financial instruments. The population in rural areas depends mainly on agricultural activities which give them subsistence living conditions. The gap between rural and urban areas is due to low income levels and employment rates, hence the need to obtain additional income for the population employed in subsistence and semi-subsistence farming, especially in the context of the depopulation trend. At the same time, the need to stimulate entrepreneurship in rural areas is high and is at a resonance with the need to increase the potential of rural communities from the perspective of landscape, culture, traditional activities and local resources. A solution could be to turn vegetal and / or animal farms into social farms – farms on which people with disabilities (but also adolescents and young people with anxiety, depression, self-harm, suicide, and alexithymia issues) might find a “foster” family, bed and meals in a natural, healthy environment, and share the farm’s activities with the farmer and the farmer’s family: “committing to a regular day / days and times for a mutually agreed period involves complying with any required health and safety practices (including use of protective clothing and equipment), engaging socially with the farm family members and other people working on and around the farm, and taking on tasks which would include working on the land, taking care of animals, or helping out with maintenance and other physical work”

INCOME AS A SOURCE OF HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT IN RURAL AREAS

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (10) ◽  
pp. 58-63
Author(s):  
O. N. KUSAKINA ◽  
◽  
S. V. SOKOLOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Place Of Residence ◽  
Human Capital Development ◽  
Urban Households ◽  
Average Structure ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Consumer Expenditures ◽  
Capital Development

The article is devoted to research of dynamics of disposable resources of rural and urban households; components of disposable resources of households depending on the place of residence (per household member on average); structure of consumer expenditures of rural households based on official statistics for 2018–2020. The presented findings may serve as a basis for justifying the trends in social and economic conditions necessary for the growth of human capital in rural areas.

scholarly journals Loneliness Among the Elderly in Rural Contexts: A Mixed-Method Study Protocol

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 160940692199686
Author(s):  
Borja Rivero Jiménez ◽  
David Conde-Caballero ◽  
Lorenzo Mariano Juárez
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Mixed Method ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Population Group ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Interaction Patterns ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Strict Adherence ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis ◽  
Technological Tools

Loneliness among the elderly has become a pressing issue in Western societies. In the Spanish context, the problem of the so-called “empty” Spain disproportionately affects this population group—elderly individuals living in rural areas with low population density, and therefore at higher risk of social exclusion and isolation. We introduce here a mixed-method, quantitative-qualitative research protocol, triangulated with technological tools, designed to improve both data acquisition and subsequent data analysis and interpretation. This study will take place in a rural locality in the Extremadura region (Spain), chosen according to a particular socio-demographic profile. The De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale will be used on a cohort of 80 people over 65 years old. Within this cohort, a smaller sample of 20–30 individuals will be selected for semi-structured interviews about their beliefs and experiences of loneliness. Finally, data gathered from technological tools (smartbands, Bluetooth sensors) will allow us to monitor social interactions and to map daily loneliness/interaction patterns. Data will be triangulated by analyzing and comparing the empirical material gathered through these different methods and tools. Strict adherence to ethical standards for data protection and handling will be essential through data collection and analysis. As well as providing insights into the phenomenon of loneliness in old age, the use of different methods and tools for data collection will provide the basis for an epistemological reflection on the scope and limits of each one of these methods.

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