scholarly journals Cell water content and lignification in maize regulated by rhizobacteria under salinity

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 9-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yachana Jha
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Physiological Mechanism ◽  
Cell Permeability ◽  
Maize Plant ◽  
Cell Water

Inoculation of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus megaterium in maize plant under salinity stress was analyzed for its growth promotion efficacy and induction of physiological mechanism. In this study effect of these isolates were focused on the cellular level as with lignin deposition, cell wall lignin content and cell water status of maize under salinity. Maize plants get protected from the salinity induced injury by enhancing the plant growth, regulating relative water content, enhancing phenols, flavonoids as well as lignification of cell and antioxidant enzymes also. The study states that, PGPR helps in maize plant under salinity to increase the cell membrane stability, plays a significant action in the directive of cell permeability for the survival of plants. Nevertheless, the cell wall bounded peroxidase and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity reduced with gradual increase soil in non-inoculated plants. So plants inoculated with selected root-associated bacteria has a positive response on cell content and water status in maize under salinity.

Phytotoxic Effects of Treated Wastewater Used for Agricultural Irrigation On Root Hydraulic Conductivity and Plant Growth

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sare Asli ◽  
Nedal Massalha ◽  
Muhamad Hugerat
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Root Elongation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cell Permeability ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Pressurized Water ◽  
Pore Sizes ◽  
Physical Effects

Abstract AimsTo determine the effects of treated wastewater (TWW) and dialyzed TWW (DTWW) through dialysis tube with a cut-off at 6000-8000 Da, on the water transport characteristics of maize seedlings (Zea mays L). MethodsLaboratory experiments were conducted to determine the effect of TWW on the hydraulic conductivity of excised roots. Moreover, the effect on transpiration, plant growth, root cell permeability and on the plant fresh and dry weight was determined. ResultsPressurized water flow through the excised primary roots was reduced by 25%-52%, within 90 min of exposure to TWW or DTWW. In hydroponics, DTWW affected root elongation severely by 58 %, while cell-wall pore sizes of same roots were little reduced (by 6%). Additionally, the exposure to TWW or DTWW caused inhibition of both leaf growth rate by (26%-70%) and transpiration by (14%-64%). While in soil growth, the plant fresh and dry weight was also significantly affected but not with secondary DTWW. Conclusions These impacts appeared simultaneously to involve phytotoxic and physical clogging impacts. First, the inhibition in hydraulic conductivity through live roots (phytotoxic and physical effects) after exposure to secondary DTWW was by 22%, while through killed roots accepted after hot alcohol disruption of cell membranes (physical effects only); was only by 14%. Second, although DTWW affected root elongation severely by 58%, cell-wall pore sizes of same roots were little reduced by 6%. We conclude that large molecules, such as polypeptides, remained after the dialysis process, may have produced hormone-like activity that affected root water permeability.

CELL-WALL LIGNIN CONTENT RELATED TO TRACHEID DIMENSIONS IN DROUGHT-SENSITIVE AUSTRIAN PINE (PINUS NIGRA)

IAWA Journal ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Gindl
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Pinus Nigra ◽  
Lignin Concentration ◽  
Wall Area ◽  
Pine Tree ◽  
Cell Dimensions ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Annual Distribution

The intra-annual distribution of cell-wall lignin concentration was determined in Austrian pine tree rings and compared with tracheid diameter, lumen width, cell wall thickness and proportion of cell wall area. Lignin concentration was highly correlated with all tracheid dimensions, but only the proportion of cell wall area exhibited a direct statistically significant relationship. Since cell dimensions in Austrian pine are subjected to the indirect and direct influences of the water status of trees, the negative correlation between cellular lignin content and the proportion of cell wall area is attributed to an indirect effect of water stress on lignification in pine tracheids.

Water relations in Azospirillum-inoculated wheat seedlings under osmotic stress

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia M Creus ◽  
Rolando J Sueldo ◽  
Carlos A Barassi
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Osmotic Potential ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Water Fraction

Azospirillum has been shown to improve coleoptile growth in seedlings growing in darkness under osmotic stress. However, the changes in water relations that may occur in this experimental system have not yet been studied. Two-centimetre long Triticum aestivum cv. Buck Pucará and Triticum durum cv. Balcarceño-INTA seedlings were inoculated with viable or autoclaved (control) Azospirillum brasilense Sp. 245 bacteria, at approximately 108 cells per seedling. Three days after inoculation, seedlings were exposed to osmotic stress by immersing their roots in 20% polyethylene glycol 6000 for up to 72 h. Germination and seedling growth were at 20°C in darkness. Shoots were excised after 72 h of stress, and water-status parameters were determined through pressure-volume analyses. While osmotic potential at full turgor remained constant, Azospirillum-stimulated growth in Buck Pucará seedlings was accompanied by significant decreases in osmotic potential and relative water content at zero turgor, in volumetric cell wall modulus of elasticity, and in absolute symplastic water volume and by a significant rise in apoplastic water fraction parameters. Except for a constant volumetric cell wall modulus of elasticity, similar results were obtained with Balcarceño-INTA seedlings. However, bacterial growth promotion was evident only in the less tolerant cv. Buck Pucará. Turgor at low water potential was higher in inoculated seedlings in both wheat cultivars under osmotic stress. These results are consistent with a better water status in Azospirillum-inoculated wheat seedlings under water stress, where both effects on cell wall elasticity and (or) apoplastic water are evident.Key words: Azospirillum, drought, seedlings, water status, wheat.

scholarly journals Comparative Secretome Analyses of Trichoderma/Arabidopsis Co-cultures Identify Proteins for Salt Stress, Plant Growth Promotion, and Root Colonization

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Rouina ◽  
Yu-Heng Tseng ◽  
Karaba N. Nataraja ◽  
Ramanan Uma Shaanker ◽  
Thomas Krüger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Plant Proteins ◽  
Fungal Cell ◽  
Polysaccharide Monooxygenases ◽  
Specific Proteins

Numerous Trichoderma strains are beneficial for plants, promote their growth, and confer stress tolerance. A recently described novel Trichoderma strain strongly promotes the growth of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings on media with 50 mM NaCl, while 150 mM NaCl strongly stimulated root colonization and induced salt-stress tolerance in the host without growth promotion. To understand the dynamics of plant-fungus interaction, we examined the secretome from both sides and revealed a substantial change under different salt regimes, and during co-cultivation. Stress-related proteins, such as a fungal cysteine-rich Kp4 domain-containing protein which inhibits plant cell growth, fungal WSC- and CFEM-domain-containing proteins, the plant calreticulin, and cell-wall modifying enzymes, disappear when the two symbionts are co-cultured under high salt concentrations. In contrast, the number of lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases increases, which indicates that the fungus degrades more plant lignocellulose under salt stress and its lifestyle becomes more saprophytic. Several plant proteins involved in plant and fungal cell wall modifications and root colonization are only found in the co-cultures under salt stress, while the number of plant antioxidant proteins decreased. We identified symbiosis- and salt concentration-specific proteins for both partners. The Arabidopsis PYK10 and a fungal prenylcysteine lyase are only found in the co-culture which promoted plant growth. The comparative analysis of the secretomes supports antioxidant enzyme assays and suggests that both partners profit from the interaction under salt stress but have to invest more in balancing the symbiosis. We discuss the role of the identified stage- and symbiosis-specific fungal and plant proteins for salt stress, and conditions promoting root colonization and plant growth.

scholarly journals ANALISIS KANDUNGAN KIMIA DAN SIFAT SERAT TANAMAN PURUN TIKUS (Eleocharis dulcis) ASAL KALIMANTAN SELATAN

BIOSCIENTIAE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Sunardi Sunardi
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Fiber Length ◽  
Aquatic Plant ◽  
Fiber Diameter ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Stiffness Coefficient ◽  
Fiber Properties ◽  
Chemical Content

Purun tikus (Eleocharis dulcis) is an aquatic plant which grows in greatamount in swamp lands in South Kalimantan. This research is conducted to findout chemical content and fiber properties to know the potential utilization of thisplants. The results showed that the water content of purun tikus plant is 92,68%,extractive in alcohol-benzena content is 9,53%, lignin content is 26.4%; and thecellulose content is 32,62%. The study of purun tikus fiber anatomy have beencompleted with the results of the fiber diameter is equal to 5.89 μm; lumendiameter is 2.68 μm, cell wall thickness is 1.61 μm and fiber length is 1.68 mm.The value of the derivative dimension of purun tikus fiber obtained as follows:runkel ratio is 1.2; mulstep number is 38.4 (%), power loom is 285.45, value offlexibility is 0.45 and stiffness coefficient is 0.27. All results suggested that puruntikus plants offers potential for cellulose and fiber resources.

Silicification of wood-cell walls

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 428-429
Author(s):  
S. E. Keckler ◽  
D. M. Dabbs ◽  
N. Yao ◽  
I. A. Aksay
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Resin Composite ◽  
Middle Lamella ◽  
Cellulose Fibers ◽  
Complex Structures ◽  
Rich Region ◽  
Inorganic Precursors

Cellular organic structures such as wood can be used as scaffolds for the synthesis of complex structures of organic/ceramic nanocomposites. The wood cell is a fiber-reinforced resin composite of cellulose fibers in a lignin matrix. A single cell wall, containing several layers of different fiber orientations and lignin content, is separated from its neighboring wall by the middle lamella, a lignin-rich region. In order to achieve total mineralization, deposition on and in the cell wall must be achieved. Geological fossilization of wood occurs as permineralization (filling the void spaces with mineral) and petrifaction (mineralizing the cell wall as the organic component decays) through infiltration of wood with inorganics after growth. Conversely, living plants can incorporate inorganics into their cells and in some cases into the cell walls during growth. In a recent study, we mimicked geological fossilization by infiltrating inorganic precursors into wood cells in order to enhance the properties of wood. In the current work, we use electron microscopy to examine the structure of silica formed in the cell walls after infiltration of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS).

The Method of Plant Water Status Measurement in Sweet Potato (Ipomoea Batatas (L) Lam.)

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saraswati Prabawardani
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Plant Water Status ◽  
Equilibration Time ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Font Size ◽  
Potato Leaf ◽  
Relative Water

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