scholarly journals New treatment options in allergic rhinitis: patient considerations and the role of ciclesonide

2008 ◽  
Vol Volume 4 ◽  
pp. 353-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio Canonica
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Allergic Rhinitis Patient ◽  
New Treatment

scholarly journals Natural Compounds in Sex Hormone-Dependent Cancers: The Role of Triterpenes as Therapeutic Agents

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Codruţa Şoica ◽  
Mirela Voicu ◽  
Roxana Ghiulai ◽  
Cristina Dehelean ◽  
Roxana Racoviceanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Highly Correlated

Sex hormone-dependent cancers currently contribute to the high number of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The study and elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying the progression of these tumors was a double-edged sword, leading to the expansion and development of new treatment options, with the cost of triggering more aggressive, therapy resistant relapses. The interaction of androgen, estrogen and progesterone hormones with specific receptors (AR, ER, PR) has emerged as a key player in the development and progression of breast, ovarian, prostate and endometrium cancers. Sex hormone-dependent cancers share a common and rather unique carcinogenesis mechanism involving the active role of endogenous and exogenous sex hormones to maintain high mitotic rates and increased cell proliferation thus increasing the probability of aberrant gene occurrence and accumulation highly correlated with abnormal cell division and the occurrence of malignant phenotypes. Cancer related hormone therapy has evolved, currently being associated with the blockade of other signaling pathways often associated with carcinogenesis and tumor progression in cancers, with promising results. However, despite the established developments, there are still several shortcomings to be addressed. Triterpenes are natural occurring secondary metabolites biosynthesized by various pathways starting from squalene cyclization. Due to their versatile therapeutic potential, including the extensively researched antiproliferative effect, these compounds are most definitely a cornerstone in the research and development of new natural/semisynthetic anticancer therapies. The present work thoroughly describes the ongoing research related to the antitumor activity of triterpenes in sex hormone-dependent cancers. Also, the current review highlights both the biological activity of various triterpenoid compounds and their featured mechanisms of action correlated with important chemical structural features.

scholarly journals The Inhibition of Group II Innate Lymphoid Cell Response by IL-27 in Allergic Rhinitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Xi Luo ◽  
Qingxiang Zeng ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Yiquan Tang ◽  
Wenlong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Tritiated Thymidine ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Th2 Response ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
And Function

Objectives. Interleukin-27 (IL-27) has been reported to inhibit type 2 T helper cell (Th2) response in allergic rhinitis (AR). However, its effects on group II innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) in AR are not fully understood. Methods. Nineteen patients with AR and nineteen controls were enrolled in this study. The effects of IL-27 on ILC2 differentiation and function as well as the regulation of the IL-27 receptor (IL-27R) were analyzed by tritiated thymidine incorporation, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), respectively. AR mice were used to confirm the role of IL-27 in vivo. Results. The serum IL-27 protein expression in AR patients was significantly lower compared with controls. IL-27 decreased the ILC2 proliferation and type II cytokine secretion through the interaction with IL-27R. IL-27 also inhibited systemic and nasal ILC2 response of AR mice. Conclusion. IL-27 inhibited the proliferation and function of ILC2 in AR, implying that IL-27 may be used as new treatment target in AR.

scholarly journals Role of Integrins in Resistance to Therapies Targeting Growth Factor Receptors in Cancer

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabete Cruz da Silva ◽  
Monique Dontenwill ◽  
Laurence Choulier ◽  
Maxime Lehmann
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Tyrosine Kinases ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Cancer Cell Proliferation ◽  
Remarkable Feature ◽  
Rtk Signaling ◽  
Intracellular Signal ◽  
New Treatment

Integrins contribute to cancer progression and aggressiveness by activating intracellular signal transduction pathways and transducing mechanical tension forces. Remarkably, these adhesion receptors share common signaling networks with receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and support their oncogenic activity, thereby promoting cancer cell proliferation, survival and invasion. During the last decade, preclinical studies have revealed that integrins play an important role in resistance to therapies targeting RTKs and their downstream pathways. A remarkable feature of integrins is their wide-ranging interconnection with RTKs, which helps cancer cells to adapt and better survive therapeutic treatments. In this context, we should consider not only the integrins expressed in cancer cells but also those expressed in stromal cells, since these can mechanically increase the rigidity of the tumor microenvironment and confer resistance to treatment. This review presents some of these mechanisms and outlines new treatment options for improving the efficacy of therapies targeting RTK signaling.

Biologic therapies in systemic lupus erythematosus

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Mouyis ◽  
David Isenberg
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
T Cell Activation ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Biologic Therapies ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Anti Cd20

This chapter looks at the various biologic or target therapies that have been trialled and tested in the last two decades. The treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has progressed over the last few years due to an increased understanding of its pathogenesis; beginning with rituximab, one of the first biologics to be used, the chapter covers therapies up to the present day. Each subsection highlights the relevant mechanism of action which has led to new treatment options: anti-CD20 and 22, anti-B cell activating factors, anti-interferon alpha and anti-T cell activation. A summarized table is available providing a concise summary of the latest biologic therapies in treating SLE. The role of biologic therapies as monotherapy is still being defined, and with time there will be further change in the treatments available and the approach to the treatment of SLE using biologic therapies.

Psilocybin-assisted therapy for depression: How do we advance the field?

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally E Meikle ◽  
Paul Liknaitzky ◽  
Susan L Rossell ◽  
Margaret Ross ◽  
Nigel Strauss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Clinical Environment ◽  
Psychedelic Drugs ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Potential Use

In the quest for new treatment options for depression, attention is being paid to the potential role of psychedelic drugs. Psilocybin is of particular interest given its mechanism of action, its benefits in early trials and its relatively low side effects burden. This viewpoint outlines a number of key issues that remain to be elucidated about its potential use in the clinical environment, including clarification of the profile of people most likely to benefit and those who might experience adverse effects, longer-term outcomes and the role of psychotherapeutic input alongside the drug itself. There are also opportunities to understand better, the neurobiology underpinning its effects.

scholarly journals The Pathophysiology of Antiphospholipid Syndrome

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Ruiz Sada ◽  
Hannah Cohen ◽  
David Isenberg
Keyword(s):  
Antiphospholipid Syndrome ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Pathogenic Mechanisms ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
Glycoprotein I ◽  
New Treatment

Advances in our knowledge of the pathogenic mechanisms of antiphospholipid syndrome have been achieved in the past few years. Apart from the well-known role of anti-β2-glycoprotein I antibodies, complement, endocrine and genetic factors and a variety of other molecules are now under investigation. These new approaches should lead to novel explanations and potential new treatment options.

scholarly journals Identification of KIF11 As a Novel Target in Meningioma

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jungwirth ◽  
Yu ◽  
Moustafa ◽  
Rapp ◽  
Warta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Role ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Microarray Dataset ◽  
Who Grade ◽  
Meningioma Cell ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Novel Target ◽  
Intracellular Vesicle Transport

Kinesins play an important role in many physiological functions including intracellular vesicle transport and mitosis. The emerging role of kinesins in different cancers led us to investigate the expression and functional role of kinesins in meningioma. Therefore, we re-analyzed our previous microarray dataset of benign, atypical, and anaplastic meningiomas (n = 62) and got evidence for differential expression of five kinesins (KIFC1, KIF4A, KIF11, KIF14 and KIF20A). Further validation in an extended study sample (n = 208) revealed a significant upregulation of these genes in WHO°I to °III meningiomas (WHO°I n = 61, WHO°II n = 88, and WHO°III n = 59), which was most pronounced in clinically more aggressive tumors of the same WHO grade. Immunohistochemical staining confirmed a WHO grade-associated upregulated protein expression in meningioma tissues. Furthermore, high mRNA expression levels of KIFC1, KIF11, KIF14 and KIF20A were associated with shorter progression-free survival. On a functional level, knockdown of kinesins in Ben-Men-1 cells and in the newly established anaplastic meningioma cell line NCH93 resulted in a significantly inhibited tumor cell proliferation upon siRNA-mediated downregulation of KIF11 in both cell lines by up to 95% and 71%, respectively. Taken together, in this study we were able to identify the prognostic and functional role of several kinesin family members of which KIF11 exhibits the most promising properties as a novel prognostic marker and therapeutic target, which may offer new treatment options for aggressive meningiomas.

scholarly journals The role of tazemetostat in relapsed/refractory follicular lymphoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 204062072110158
Author(s):  
Gottfried von Keudell ◽  
Gilles Salles
Keyword(s):  
Follicular Lymphoma ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Subsequent Treatment ◽  
Mutation Status ◽  
Upfront Therapy ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Made In

Large strides have been made in the treatment of follicular lymphoma (FL) over the last few years. Although the majority of patients respond to upfront therapy, many experience disease progression with a progressive shortening of subsequent treatment free intervals. New treatment options are therefore crucial for such patients. Tazemetostat is a first-in-class, selective, oral inhibitor of enhancer of zester homolog 2 (EZH2), a histone methyltransferase that is mutated in about a quarter of FL cases. Tazemetostat was recently approved for the treatment of patients with relapsed FL after 2 or more prior lines of therapy in the presence of an EZH2 mutation and for those without any other available therapeutic option, independently of EZH2 mutation status. In this review, we will summarize the background and key data that led to the development of tazemetostat, and, ultimately, to its approval for this indication.

scholarly journals The Role of Cholesterol and Fatty Acids in the Etiology and Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3550
Author(s):  
Cecilia Maria Esposito ◽  
Massimiliano Buoli ◽  
Valentina Ciappolino ◽  
Carlo Agostoni ◽  
Paolo Brambilla
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Cholesterol Homeostasis ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Inhibitory Synapses ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
New Treatment

Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a group of neurodevelopmental disorders whose pathogenesis seems to be related to an imbalance of excitatory and inhibitory synapses, which leads to disrupted connectivity during brain development. Among the various biomarkers that have been evaluated in the last years, metabolic factors represent a bridge between genetic vulnerability and environmental aspects. In particular, cholesterol homeostasis and circulating fatty acids seem to be involved in the pathogenesis of ASDs, both through the contribute in the stabilization of cell membranes and the modulation of inflammatory factors. The purpose of the present review is to summarize the available data about the role of cholesterol and fatty acids, mainly long-chain ones, in the onset of ASDs. A bibliographic research on the main databases was performed and 36 studies were included in our review. Most of the studies document a correlation between ASDs and hypocholesterolemia, while the results concerning circulating fatty acids are less univocal. Even though further studies are necessary to confirm the available data, the metabolic biomarkers open to new treatment options such as the modulation of the lipid pattern through the diet.

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