scholarly journals The botulinum toxin as a therapeutic agent: molecular and pharmacological insights

2015 ◽  
pp. 173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bal Ram Singh ◽  
Roshan Kukreja
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Therapeutic Agent

scholarly journals Botulinum Toxin Type A as a Therapeutic Agent against Headache and Related Disorders

Toxins ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 3818-3844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siro Luvisetto ◽  
Parisa Gazerani ◽  
Carlo Cianchetti ◽  
Flaminia Pavone
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Therapeutic Agent ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Type A ◽  
Type A ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Type

scholarly journals THE EMERGING ROLE OF BOTULINUM TOXIN IN THE TREATMENT OF OROFACIAL DISORDERS: LITERATURE UPDATE

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santhosh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Clostridium Botulinum ◽  
Anaerobic Bacterium ◽  
Therapeutic Agent ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Injection Techniques ◽  
General Dentists

Botulinum toxin (BTX) is a lethal neurotoxin produced by Gram-positive anaerobic bacterium called Clostridium botulinum. It is the first toxin used fortherapeutic purposes since 1989. BTX treatment is relatively safe and efficacious, less invasive, conservative, and the effects are faster and reversible.The purpose of this article is to review the literature regarding the applications of BTX in the treatment of various orofacial disorders, their mechanismof action, contraindications, and complications. From the recently published literature, it is clear that the role of BTX as a therapeutic agent for severalconditions is expanding. With the training of BTX-A injection techniques and adequate knowledge about treatment protocols, general dentists cansafely administer BTX injections. The ability to use Botox as an adjuvant and primary mode of the treatment for various maxillofacial disorders offersexciting treatment options for dentists and patients in the future.

Botulinum toxin as a therapeutic agent

1996 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph K.C. Tsui
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Therapeutic Agent

Botulinum toxin as a therapeutic agent to prevent relapse in deep bite patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 584-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Mücke ◽  
Anja Löffel ◽  
Anastasios Kanatas ◽  
Sandy Karnezi ◽  
Majeed Rana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Therapeutic Agent ◽  
Deep Bite

ACE2 as therapeutic agent

2020 ◽  
Vol 134 (19) ◽  
pp. 2581-2595
Author(s):  
Qiuhong Li ◽  
Maria B. Grant ◽  
Elaine M. Richards ◽  
Mohan K. Raizada
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Agent ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Peptide Hormone ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Electrolyte Balance ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Overwhelming Evidence ◽  
Future Challenges

Abstract The angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has emerged as a critical regulator of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS), which plays important roles in cardiovascular homeostasis by regulating vascular tone, fluid and electrolyte balance. ACE2 functions as a carboxymonopeptidase hydrolyzing the cleavage of a single C-terminal residue from Angiotensin-II (Ang-II), the key peptide hormone of RAS, to form Angiotensin-(1-7) (Ang-(1-7)), which binds to the G-protein–coupled Mas receptor and activates signaling pathways that counteract the pathways activated by Ang-II. ACE2 is expressed in a variety of tissues and overwhelming evidence substantiates the beneficial effects of enhancing ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas axis under many pathological conditions in these tissues in experimental models. This review will provide a succinct overview on current strategies to enhance ACE2 as therapeutic agent, and discuss limitations and future challenges. ACE2 also has other functions, such as acting as a co-factor for amino acid transport and being exploited by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronaviruses (SARS-CoVs) as cellular entry receptor, the implications of these functions in development of ACE2-based therapeutics will also be discussed.

Severe Drooling and Treatment With Botulinum Toxin

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Merete Bakke ◽  
Allan Bardow ◽  
Eigild Møller
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Acetylcholine Release ◽  
Psychosocial Problems ◽  
Rate Reduction ◽  
Local Inhibition ◽  
Surgical Treatments

Severe drooling is associated with discomfort and psychosocial problems and may constitute a health risk. A variety of different surgical and non-surgical treatments have been used to diminish drooling, some of them with little or uncertain effect and others more effective but irreversible or with side effects. Based on clinical evidence, injection with botulinum toxin (BTX) into the parotid and submandibular glands is a useful treatment option, because it is local, reversible, and with few side effects, although it has to be repeated. The mechanism of BTX is a local inhibition of acetylcholine release, which diminishes receptor-coupled secretion and results in a flow rate reduction of 25–50% for 2–7 months.

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