scholarly journals Prediction of Health Risk Preventative Behavior of Amateur Marathon Runners: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol Volume 14 ◽  
pp. 2929-2944
Author(s):  
Yifan Zuo ◽  
Mu Zhang ◽  
Yuqi Si ◽  
Xiaoyuan Wu ◽  
Zhanbing Ren
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Marathon Runners

Nitrate in Groundwater and Health Risk Assessment: A Cross-Sectional Study in Three Villages in Tanah Merah District, Kelantan, Malaysia During Paddy Pre-Planting Season

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Syafiq N ◽  
◽  
Shaharuddin MS ◽  
Zaenal Abidin ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Nitrate Level ◽  
Cross Sectional

ABSTRACT Introduction: Contamination of nitrate is one of the most common groundwater problems worldwide. Around 70% of residents in the state of Kelantan still rely on groundwater as their primary source of water supply. Extensive usage of fertilizer in agricultural areas may cause nitrate leaching into the groundwater. This study aimed to determine the level of nitrate in groundwater and health risk assessment at three villages in Tanah Merah District, Kelantan, Malaysia. Subjects and Method: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at Tanah Merah district, Kelantan, in January 2020. A total of 52 residents was selected by purposive sampling. The inclusion criteria for study subjects were long life residents, age ≥18 years old, and groundwater as a primary source of drinking supply. The study variables were (1) Level of nitrate in groundwater measured according to age (year), depth (meter), and distance (meter) of well from the agricultural area; and (2) Health risk assessment measured by hazard quotient (HQ). A set of questionnaires consisted of four sections to gather information related to socio-demographic, water usage, living environment, and health status. Groundwater samples were collected in duplicates and were analysed using a Hanna Instruments portable pH/ORP/ISE meter with an attached nitrate electrode. The data were reported descriptively. Results: Nitrate levels were found to be under the maximum acceptable value of 10 mg/L, as stated by the Drinking Water Quality Standard of Malaysia. Nitrate level ranged from 0.22 to 8.81 mg/L (Mean= 2.94; SD= 2.27). Spearman rho correlation showed that nitrate level was significantly and negatively correlated the age of wells (r= -0.31; p= 0.025). Nitrate level was not significantly correlated with the depth (r= 0.19; p= 0.183) and distance of wells (r= -0.05; p= 0.751). Hazard quotient (HQ) for all study subjects was <1, which means that exposure to nitrate contained drinking water in study subjects was not detrimental to health. Conclusion: Nitrate levels were below the maximum acceptable value, but continuous monitoring from health authorities is essential since other seasons of paddy planting may contribute higher deposition of nitrate into groundwater. Keywords: nitrate, groundwater, levels, hazard quotient, Tanah Merah Correspondence: Muhammad Syafiq N. Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia. UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +601140731881. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.01.27

scholarly journals Loneliness and health risk behaviours among Russian and U.S. adolescents: a cross-sectional study

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Stickley ◽  
Ai Koyanagi ◽  
Roman Koposov ◽  
Mary Schwab-Stone ◽  
Vladislav Ruchkin
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Risk Behaviours ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Risk Behaviours

scholarly journals Blood level of cadmium and lead in occupationally exposed persons in Gwagwalada, Abuja, Nigeria

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 146-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukman Adewale Alli
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Blood Level ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Blood Cadmium ◽  
Occupationally Exposed ◽  
Cadmium And Lead ◽  
Age Range

Abstract This study was designed to assess the blood levels of cadmium and lead in some occupationally exposed individuals and compare the values with non-exposed individuals, with the aim of increasing the awareness of health risk caused by these heavy metals. A total of 120 subjects (64 occupationally exposed and 56 non-exposed subjects) with the age range of 15–40 years were studied in cross-sectional study conducted between September 2012 and February 2013 in Gwagwalada area of Abuja, Nigeria. Blood cadmium and lead were analyzed using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The respective mean blood levels of cadmium and lead were 11.63±1.73 μg/dl and 45.43±6.93 μg/dl in occupationally-exposed subjects, while in non-exposed subjects 2.03±0.55 μg/dl and 12.08±2.87 μg/dl. The results show that occupational exposure increases the blood level of cadmium and lead, which consequently increases the health risk of the exposed individuals.

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