scholarly journals Impact of Induced Syncytia Formation on the Oncolytic Potential of Myxoma Virus

2019 ◽  
Vol Volume 8 ◽  
pp. 57-69
Author(s):  
Chase Burton ◽  
Mee Y Bartee ◽  
Eric Bartee
Keyword(s):  
Myxoma Virus ◽  
Syncytia Formation

CXCR4 signaling at the fetal–maternal interface may drive inflammation and syncytia formation during ovine pregnancy†

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacia Z McIntosh ◽  
Marlie M Maestas ◽  
Jordyn R Dobson ◽  
Kelsey E Quinn ◽  
Cheyenne L Runyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Placental Development ◽  
Cxcr4 Signaling ◽  
Proinflammatory Mediators ◽  
Placental Angiogenesis ◽  
Precise Understanding ◽  
Chemokine Ligand ◽  
Syncytia Formation ◽  
Complex Signaling ◽  
Surface Remodeling

Abstract Early pregnancy features complex signaling between fetal trophoblast cells and maternal endometrium directing major peri-implantation events including localized inflammation and remodeling to establish proper placental development. Proinflammatory mediators are important for conceptus attachment, but a more precise understanding of molecular pathways regulating this process is needed to understand how the endometrium becomes receptive to implantation. Both chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) and its receptor CXCR4 are expressed by fetal and maternal tissues. We identified this pair as a critical driver of placental angiogenesis, but their additional importance to inflammation and trophoblast cell survival, proliferation, and invasion imply a role in syncytia formation at the fetal–maternal microenvironment. We hypothesized that CXCL12 encourages both endometrial inflammation and conceptus attachment during implantation. We employed separate ovine studies to (1) characterize endometrial inflammation during early gestation in the ewe, and (2) establish functional implications of CXCL12 at the fetal–maternal interface through targeted intrauterine infusion of the CXCR4 inhibitor AMD3100. Endometrial tissues were evaluated for inflammatory mediators, intracellular signaling events, endometrial modifications, and trophoblast syncytialization using western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Endometrial tissue from ewes receiving CXCR4 inhibitor demonstrated dysregulated inflammation and reduced AKT and NFKB, paired with elevated autophagic activity compared to control. Immunohistochemical observation revealed an impairment in endometrial surface remodeling and diminished trophoblast syncytialization following localized CXCR4 inhibition. These data suggest CXCL12–CXCR4 regulates endometrial inflammation and remodeling for embryonic implantation, and provide insight regarding mechanisms that, when dysregulated, lead to pregnancy pathologies such as intrauterine growth restriction and preeclampsia.

scholarly journals The differential transmissibility of myxoma virus strains of differing virulence grades by the rabbit flea Spilopsyllus cuniculi (Dale)

1975 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Mead-Briggs ◽  
J. A. Vaughan
Keyword(s):  
Host Resistance ◽  
Oryctolagus Cuniculus ◽  
Selective Advantage ◽  
Myxoma Virus ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Virus Strains ◽  
Sampling Times

SUMMARYLaboratory studies showed that few rabbit fleas (Spilopsyllus cuniculi (Dale)) transmitted myxomatosis after removal from wild rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus (L)) that had been infected for fewer than 10–12 days, irrespective of the virulence of the myxoma virus strain involved. Rabbits infected with fully virulent (Grade I) strains died within 10–15 days and few fleas from these hosts became infective; averaging all the samples taken, 12% of the fleas were infective. Also, few fleas acquired infectivity on individual rabbits which recovered from infection with attenuated strains; the mean was 8% infective. Rabbits which died between 17 and 44 days after infection had higher proportions of infective fleas at all sampling times; the mean was 42% infective. Male and female fleas transmitted virus with equal efficiency.For rabbits infected with any of the attenuated virus strains the mean percentage of infective fleas was inversely related to the survival time of the host. Rabbits infected with moderately attenuated strains (Grades IIIA and IIIB) had, on average, the highest proportion of infective fleas; hence such strains have a selective advantage and have become predominant under natural conditions in Britain. The changes that might occur if there is an increase in host resistance to myxomatosis are discussed.

Dissociation between syncytia formation and HIV spreading. Suppression of syncytia formation does not necessarily reflect inhibition of HIV infection

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 1771-1774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Pantaleo ◽  
Guido Poli ◽  
Luca Butini ◽  
Cecil Fox ◽  
Andrew I. Dayton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Syncytia Formation

Myxoma virus and malignant rabbit fibroma virus encode a serpin-like protein important for virus virulence

Virology ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 179 (2) ◽  
pp. 618-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Upton ◽  
J.L. Macen ◽  
D.S. Wishart ◽  
G. McFadden
Keyword(s):  
Myxoma Virus

scholarly journals Role for Mucin-5AC in Upper and Lower Airway Pathogenesis in Mice

2021 ◽  
pp. 019262332110044
Author(s):  
Hye-Youn Cho ◽  
Soojung Park ◽  
Laura Miller ◽  
Huei-Chen Lee ◽  
Robert Langenbach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Mucous Cell ◽  
Ozone Exposure ◽  
Lower Airway ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Nasal Airways ◽  
Airway Injury ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Syncytia Formation ◽  
Injury Protection

Mucin-5AC (MUC5AC) is a major secreted mucin in pathogenic airways. To determine its role in mucus-related airway disorders, Muc5ac-deficient ( Muc5ac−/−) and wild-type ( Muc5ac+/+) mice were compared in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease, and ozone toxicity. Significantly greater inflammation and fibrosis by bleomycin were developed in Muc5ac−/− lungs compared to Muc5ac+/+ lungs. More severe mucous cell metaplasia in fibrotic Muc5ac−/− lungs coincided with bronchial Muc2, Muc4, and Muc5b overexpression. Airway RSV replication was higher in Muc5ac−/− than in Muc5ac+/+ during early infection. RSV-caused pulmonary epithelial death, bronchial smooth muscle thickening, and syncytia formation were more severe in Muc5ac−/− compared to Muc5ac+/+. Nasal septal damage and subepithelial mucoserous gland enrichment by RSV were greater in Muc5ac−/− than in Muc5ac+/+. Ozone exposure developed more severe nasal airway injury accompanying submucosal gland hyperplasia and pulmonary proliferation in Muc5ac−/− than in Muc5ac+/+. Ozone caused periodic acid-Schiff-positive secretion only in Muc5ac−/− nasal airways. Lung E-cadherin level was relatively lower in Muc5ac−/− than in Muc5ac+/+ basally and after bleomycin, RSV, and ozone exposure. Results indicate that MUC5AC is an essential mucosal component in acute phase airway injury protection. Subepithelial gland hyperplasia and adaptive increase of other epithelial mucins may compensate airway defense in Muc5ac−/− mice.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document