scholarly journals The Oculocardiac Reflex: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol Volume 15 ◽  
pp. 2693-2725
Author(s):  
Robert W Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Oculocardiac Reflex

Different Onset Pattern of Oculocardiac Reflex in Pediatric Medial Wall Blowout Fractures

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 247-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaaki Kosaka ◽  
Tadayoshi Sakamoto ◽  
Kohsaku Yamamichi ◽  
Yuri Yamashiro
Keyword(s):  
Medial Wall ◽  
Oculocardiac Reflex

Oculocardiac Reflex Caused by Midface Disimpaction

1978 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 433-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
VANCE ROBIDEAUX
Keyword(s):  
Oculocardiac Reflex

Asymptomatic oculocardiac reflex during phacoemulsification

2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. e52-e53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier A. Montero ◽  
Jose M. Ruiz-Moreno ◽  
Marta Fernandez-Muñoz ◽  
Maria Camino Gonzalez-Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Oculocardiac Reflex

Comparing General Anesthesia with Preemptive IV Atropine vs General Anesthesia with Single Injection Peribulbar Block with Levobupivacaine 0.5% or Lidocaine 2% for Prevention of Oculocardiac Reflex in Children Undergoing Strabismus Surgery: Randomized Control Study

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hani Ali Ezzat ◽  
Galal Adel ElKady ◽  
Melad Ragaey Zekry ◽  
Dalia Ahmed Ibrahim ◽  
Abeer Sameer Salem
Keyword(s):  
General Anesthesia ◽  
General Anaesthesia ◽  
Pain Control ◽  
Strabismus Surgery ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Oculocardiac Reflex ◽  
Post Operative Pain ◽  
Peribulbar Block ◽  
Successful Group ◽  
Clinically Significant

Abstract Background Strabismus is one of the common health problems among the children. The incidence of the oculocardiac reflex decreases with age and tends to be more pronounced in young, healthy patients, which is clinically significant for pediatric as it is observed with greatest incidence in young healthy neonates and infants undergoing strabismus surgery. Objective to prevent and attenuate the oculocardiac reflex in children age group from (2yrs to 14 yrs) undergoing surgical correction for strabismus. Patients and Methods Three groups were allocated Group C received general anaesthesia combined with pre emptive atropine, Group L received general anaesthesia combined with Peribulbar block with Lidocaine 2 % and Group LB which received general anaesthesia combined with peribulbar block with Levobupivacaine 0.5%. Results In Our study we found that group L which received peribulbar lidocaine 2 % was the most successful group regarding blocking the occurrence of the OCR and with acceptable post operative pain control results. Conclusion In Our study the use of peribulbar block with lidocaine 2 % in combinations with General anaesthesia is very effective against the incidence of OCR in children undergoing strabismus surgery and superior to the Iv pre emptive Atropine with higher surgeon satisfaction while the use of peribulbar levobupivacaine 0.5% combined with general anaesthesia has a great role in post operative pain control with superior patient satisfaction, on the other hand the atropine is a very important emergency drug but our study found that it has a very minor role in both preventing the OCR and post operative pain control in addition to subjecting the patients to the tachycardia and other complications like dryness of the mouth and blushing so its not recommended by our study.

The Oculocardiac Reflex During Enucleation

1991 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 378-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul M. Munden ◽  
Keith D. Carter ◽  
Jeffrey A. Nerad
Keyword(s):  
Oculocardiac Reflex

Use of the oculocardiac reflex to assess vagal reactivity during quiet sleep in neonates

2006 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
JACQUES DUCROCQ ◽  
VIRGINIE CARDOT ◽  
PIERRE TOURNEUX ◽  
KAREN CHARDON ◽  
FREDERIC TELLIEZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quiet Sleep ◽  
Oculocardiac Reflex ◽  
Vagal Reactivity

Prospective evaluation of anesthetic protocols during pediatric ophthalmic surgery

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 606-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Baptiste Ducloyer ◽  
Chloé Couret ◽  
Cécile Magne ◽  
Corinne Lejus-Bourdeau ◽  
Michel Weber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postoperative Pain ◽  
Postoperative Nausea ◽  
Postoperative Nausea And Vomiting ◽  
Strabismus Surgery ◽  
Nausea And Vomiting ◽  
Ophthalmic Surgery ◽  
Oculocardiac Reflex ◽  
Locoregional Anesthesia ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Congenital Cataract Surgery

Purpose: To date, no protocol of anesthesia for pediatric ophthalmic surgery is unanimously recognized. The primary anesthetic risks are associated with strabismus surgery, including oculocardiac reflex, postoperative nausea and vomiting, and postoperative pain. Methods: This was a prospective, monocentric, observational study conducted in a tertiary pediatric ophthalmic unit. Our anesthetic protocol for strabismus surgery included postoperative nausea and vomiting prevention using dexamethasone and ondansetron. No drug-based prevention of oculocardiac reflex or local/locoregional anesthesia was employed. Results: A total of 106 pediatric ophthalmic surgeries completed between November 2015 and May 2016 were analyzed. The mean patient age was 4.4 (range: 0.2–7.3, standard deviation: 2.4) years. Ambulatory rate was 90%. Oculocardiac reflex incidence was 65% during strabismus surgery (34/52), 50% during congenital cataract surgery (4/8), 33% during intramuscular injection of botulinum toxin (1/3), and 0% during other procedures. No asystole occurred. Postoperative nausea and vomiting incidence was 9.6% after strabismus surgery (5/52) and 0% following the other procedures. One child was hospitalized for one night because of persistent postoperative nausea and vomiting. Postoperative pain generally occurred early on in the recovery room and was quickly controlled. Its incidence was higher in patients who underwent strabismus surgery (27%) than in those who underwent other procedures (9%). Conclusion: Morbidity associated with ophthalmic pediatric surgery is low and predominantly associated with strabismus surgery. The benefit–risk ratio and cost-effectiveness of oculocardiac reflex prevention should be questioned. Our postoperative nausea and vomiting rate is low, thanks to the use of a well-managed multimodal strategy. Early postoperative pain is usually well-treated but could probably be more effectively prevented.

Factors Affecting Oculocardiac Reflex Incidence In Pediatric Strabismus Surgery: Retrospective Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bengü Gülhan Aydın ◽  
Gamze Küçükosman ◽  
Özcan Pişkin ◽  
Bahar Aktaş ◽  
Rahşan Dilek Okyay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Sinus Bradycardia ◽  
Strabismus Surgery ◽  
Neuromuscular Blocker ◽  
Anesthesia Induction ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Oculocardiac Reflex ◽  
Anesthetic Drugs ◽  
Duration Of Surgery

INTRODUCTION: Oculocardiac reflex (OCR) activation is common during the strabismus surgery. As a result of the OCR, sinus bradycardia, atrioventricular block, ventricular fibrillation and even asystole may occur. Pediatric patients are also more vulnerable to harmful effects of this reflex. The aim of this study was to determine the possible risk factors affecting the incidence of OCR in pediatric patients undergoing strabismus surgery. METHODS: The medical records of the pediatric patients who underwent strabismus surgery between January 2015 and September 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Operations performed by only one surgeon. OCR was defined as a more than 20% reduction in HR induced by the extraocular muscle (EOM) manipulation. Demographic data, duration of surgery, history of any previous strabismus surgery and possible development of OCR, anesthesia management, neuromuscular blocker and anesthetic drugs used for the anesthesia induction and maintenance as well as the airway management, the number of operated eyes, and also the muscle types of the patients were all recorded. Risk factors for OCR were evaluated by logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Out of 92 pediatric patients who were initially evaluated, six were excluded from the study because their files were missing. A total of 86 patients were included in the study. During surgery, OCR occurred in 29 (33.7%) patients. The absence of administering benzodiazepine for premedication (p=0.03) and neuromuscular blocker after induction (p=0.046) in pediatric patients are specified as independent risk factors. We found that the use of a neuromuscular blocker and benzodiazepine in premedication reduced the risk of OCR by 3.64 and 3.11 times, respectively. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The incidence of OCR may decrease with preventive measures such as neuromuscular blocker application, premedication with benzodiazepine in strabismus surgeries.

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