scholarly journals Double motion of upper eyelids in Graves’ orbitopathy: an additional sign for detection of thyroid dysfunction or positive thyroid autoantibodies

2011 ◽  
pp. 327
Author(s):  
Hirohiko Kakizaki ◽  
Yasuhiro Takahashi ◽  
Iwaki ◽  
Dinesh Selva ◽  
Leibovitch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Thyroid Autoantibodies ◽  
Additional Sign

Different aetiologies in post-partum thyroiditis?

1983 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Anders Dahlberg ◽  
Rolf Jansson
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroiditis ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Lymphocytic Infiltration ◽  
Graves Disease ◽  
Thyroid Autoantibodies ◽  
Radioiodine Uptake ◽  
Thyroid Cytology

Abstract. During a 4 year period 19 women with post-partum onset of thyroid dysfunction have been seen in our clinic. Five women had high radioiodine uptake thyrotoxicosis (Graves' disease). Twelve women had hypothyroid symptoms starting within 3–6 months of delivery. All of these women had thyroid microsomal and/or cytoplasmic autoantibodies and thyroid lymphocytic infiltration suggesting aggravation of pre-existing subclinical autoimmune thyroiditis (Hashimoto's disease). At follow-up thyroid function gradually improved in all but signs of persistent thyroid hypofunction remained in seven. Thus women developing symptomatic postpartum hypothyroidism should be followed regularly and when thyroxine treatment is commenced in the post-partum period, it has to be continued indefinitely in many cases. Two women presented with transient low radioiodine uptake thyrotoxicosis and a small painless goitre. Thyroid cytology revealed thyroiditis but they had no thyroid autoantibodies. When followed after a succeeding delivery none of these women developed post-partum thyroid dysfunction in contrast to women in the autoimmune group. Probably the aetiology of thyroid dysfunction in these 2 women was different.

scholarly journals The association between hypoechogenicity or irregular echo pattern at thyroid ultrasonography and thyroid function in the general population

2006 ◽  
Vol 155 (4) ◽  
pp. 547-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pernille Vejbjerg ◽  
Nils Knudsen ◽  
Hans Perrild ◽  
Peter Laurberg ◽  
Inge Bülow Pedersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Thyroid Disease ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Overt Hypothyroidism ◽  
Thyroid Autoantibodies ◽  
Thyroid Ultrasonography ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Similar Association ◽  
Serum Tsh

Objective: Patients with overt hypothyroidism show decreased echogenicity of the thyroid at ultrasonography (US). The aim of this study was to investigate the association between echogenicity of the thyroid/irregular echo pattern, and thyroid function in the general population, i.e. subjects without overt thyroid disease. Design: A cross-sectional investigation of 4649 randomly selected adult subjects. Methods: Blood samples were analysed for serum TSH, thyroid hormones and thyroid autoantibodies. US of the thyroid was performed. Results: Participants with decreased echogenicity (n=379) had a higher mean TSH (1.65 mU/l) compared with subjects with normal echogenicity (1.21 mU/l, P<0.0001). The association was stronger in subjects with markedly decreased echogenicity (4.20 mU/l, P<0.0001). A similar association was seen when the subjects were divided into subgroups according to the level of TSH; more subjects with high levels of TSH had decreased echogenicity (P<0.0001). Likewise, more subjects with high levels of TSH had an irregular echo pattern (P<0.0001). Subjects with decreased echogenicity had a higher risk of having thyroid autoantibodies than subjects without decreased echogenicity (P<0.0001). This association was stronger when echogenicity was markedly decreased. Conclusions: We demonstrated an association between hypoechogenicity at thyroid US and higher levels of serum TSH even in subjects without overt thyroid disease, suggesting decreased echogenicity as an early sign of thyroid dysfunction. Irregular echo pattern, whether accompanied by hypoechogenicity or not, was another possible marker of thyroid failure. This indicates a possible use of thyroid US in detecting early and subclinical thyroid dysfunction.

Autoimmunity Resulting From Cytokine Treatment Predicts Long-Term Survival in Patients With Metastatic Renal Cell Cancer

1999 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 529-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anke Franzke ◽  
Dietrich Peest ◽  
Michael Probst-Kepper ◽  
Jan Buer ◽  
Gabriele I. Kirchner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Cell Cancer ◽  
Renal Cell ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Cell Cancer ◽  
Prolonged Survival ◽  
Thyroid Autoantibodies ◽  
Cytokine Therapy ◽  
Metastatic Renal Cell Cancer ◽  
Cytokine Treatment ◽  
Significant Difference

PURPOSE: In patients undergoing cytokine therapy, systemically applied interleukin-2 (IL-2) and/or interferon-alpha (IFN-α) have been reported to induce thyroid dysfunction as well as thyroid autoantibodies. We analyzed the correlation of thyroid autoimmunity with HLA phenotype, various other autoimmune parameters, and patient survival. PATIENTS AND METHODS: For this purpose, antithyroglobulin autoantibodies, antimicrosomal thyroid autoantibodies, thyroglobulin receptor autoantibodies, thyroid dysfunction, and multiple clinical parameters were determined in 329 unselected patients with metastatic renal cell cancer before and after systemic IL-2 and IFN-α2 therapy. For statistical analysis, we used both univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models and the two-tailed Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: Antithyroglobulin autoantibodies and antimicrosomal thyroid autoantibodies were detected in 60 patients (18%); positive autoantibody titers of various other autoimmune parameters were statistically unrelated. The presence of thyroid autoantibodies was correlated with prolonged survival (P < .0001). There was a statistically significant difference in frequencies of HLA-Cw7 expression between thyroid autoantibody-positive and -negative patients (P ≤ .05), and the Cw7 expression was associated with prolonged overall survival (P = .009). CONCLUSION: The evaluation of thyroid autoantibodies during cytokine therapy could be a useful prognostic marker for patients with renal cell carcinoma who benefit from cytokine treatment. IL-2– and IFN-α2-induced tumor control and prolonged survival may require breaking of immunologic tolerance against self-antigens.

Postpartum thyroid dysfunction in Bangkok: A geographical variation in the prevalence

1990 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajata Rajatanavin ◽  
La-or Chailurkit ◽  
Kanokporn Tirarungsikul ◽  
Wirawat Chalayondeja ◽  
Uraiwan Jittivanich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Thyroid Function Test ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
Thyroid Autoantibodies ◽  
Function Test ◽  
Postpartum Thyroid Dysfunction

Abstract To determine the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in Thai postpartum women, we evaluated thyroid function and thyroid autoantibodies in 812 consecutive unselected women at 1.5 months post partum. At 3.5 months post partum 570 women without previous thyroid abnormality returned for a second set of thyroid function test. The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction was 1.1%, which was less than that reported from other countries. Various types of postpartum thyroid dysfunction, namely, transient thyrotoxicosis followed by transient hypothyroidism, transient thyrotoxicosis or hypothyroidism occurring alone or permanent hypothyroidism were encountered. Eight out of 9 patients with thyroid dysfunction had thyroid autoantibodies. Fine needle aspiration biopsy of the thyroid was done in 4 patients and all showed lymphocytic thyroiditis. Even though Bangkok is an iodine surfeit area, iodine intake is relatively lower than in other areas where the prevalence of postpartum thyroid dysfunction is much higher. The discrepancy in geographic prevalence of postpartum thyroid dysfunction may result from the interaction of immunogenetic heterogeneity of different ethnic background, environmental iodine intake, and other unidentified environmental factors.

Increased risk of thyroid dysfunction by PD-1 and CTLA-4 blockade in patients without thyroid autoantibodies at baseline

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shintaro Iwama ◽  
Tomoko Kobayashi ◽  
Yoshinori Yasuda ◽  
Takayuki Okuji ◽  
Masaaki Ito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Treatment Initiation ◽  
Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte ◽  
Thyroid Autoantibodies ◽  
Thyroid Antibodies ◽  
Similar Increase ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Programmed Cell Death 1

Abstract Background Previous studies showed that although the risk of thyroid dysfunction (thyroid immune-related adverse events [irAEs]) induced by anti-programmed cell death-1 antibodies (PD-1-Ab) was as low as 2–7% in patients negative for anti-thyroid-antibodies (ATAs) at baseline, it was much higher (30–50%) in patients positive for ATAs. However, whether a similar increase occurs with combination therapy using PD-1-Ab plus anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 antibody (CTLA-4-Ab) is unknown. Methods A total of 451 patients with malignancies treated with PD-1-Ab, CTLA-4-Ab, or a combination of PD-1-Ab plus CTLA-4-Ab (PD-1/CTLA-4-Abs) were evaluated for ATAs at baseline and for thyroid function every 6 weeks for 24 weeks after treatment initiation, and then observed until the last clinical visit. Results Of the 451 patients, 51 developed thyroid-irAEs after immunotherapy [41 of 416 (9.9%) treated with PD-1-Ab, 0 of 8 (0%) with CTLA-4-Ab, and 10 of 27 (37.0%) with PD-1/CTLA-4-Abs]. The cumulative incidence of thyroid-irAEs was significantly higher in patients who were positive versus negative for ATAs at baseline after both PD-1-Ab [28/87 (32.2%) vs. 13/329 (4.0%), p &lt; 0.001] and PD-1/CTLA-4-Abs [6/10 (60.0%) vs. 4/17 (23.5%), p &lt; 0.05] treatments. The risk of thyroid-irAEs induced by PD-1/CTLA-4Abs, which was significantly higher than that induced by PD-1-Ab, in patients negative for ATAs at baseline was not statistically different from that induced by PD-1-Ab in patients positive for ATAs at baseline. Conclusions This study showed that the incidence of thyroid-irAEs was high and not negligible after PD-1/CTLA-4-Abs treatment even in patients negative for ATAs at baseline.

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