scholarly journals Meconial peritrophic matrix and meconial degradation in the biting midge, Culicoides variipennis (Coquillett) (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)

2011 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
William Romoser ◽  
Leon ◽  
Patrican
Keyword(s):  
Peritrophic Matrix ◽  
Biting Midge ◽  
Culicoides Variipennis

Immunogold labeling of bluetongue virus in cryosections from Culicoides variipennis (Coquillett) salivary gland

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 372-373
Author(s):  
R. A. Nunamaker ◽  
B. C. Wick ◽  
C. E. Nunamaker
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Biting Midge ◽  
Viral Particles ◽  
Natural Hosts ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
Primary Vector ◽  
Culicoides Variipennis ◽  
Replicative Cycle

When an arbovirus enters its arthropod host during a viremic blood meal it quickly reaches the midgut where virus penetration of the host parenchyma and infection of epithelial cells apparently occur. Subsequently, viral particles enter the arthropod's hemolymph and are transported to other tissues which may then become infected. Previous studies have demonstrated that when the arbovirus reaches the salivary glands it increases in titer and persists over long periods, often throughout the life of the vector.It is this persistent presence and associated continual shedding of virus into saliva which is one reason that certain arthropods are extremely efficient biological vectors.Culicoides variipennis (Coquillett) is probably the most economically important species of biting midge in the U.S. due to its involvement in the transmission of bluetongue (BT) disease of sheep, cattle and ruminant wildlife. Although there have been numerous electron microscopic studies of many mosquito-borne viruses in their natural hosts, virtually nothing is known about the replicative cycle of BTV in the salivary glands of its primary vector.

A scanning electron microscopic study of the eggs of Culicoides variipennis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 884-885 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Nunamaker ◽  
C. E. Nunamaker ◽  
B. C. Wick
Keyword(s):  
Distinct Species ◽  
Hemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Insect Vector ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic Study ◽  
Laboratory Colony ◽  
Culicoides Variipennis ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Scanning Electron

Culicoides variipennis (Coquillett) is probably the most economically important species of biting midge in the U.S. due to its involvement in the transmission of bluetongue (BT) disease of sheep, cattle and ruminant wildlife, and epizootic hemorrhagic disease (EHD) of deer. Proposals have been made to recognize the eastern and western populations of this insect vector as distinct species. Others recommend use of the term “variipennis complex” until such time that the necessary biosystematic studies have been made to determine the genetic nature and/or minute morphological differences within the population structure over the entire geographic range of the species. Increasingly, students of ootaxonomy are relying on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to assess chorionic features. This study was undertaken to provide comparative chorionic data for the C. variipennis complex.Culicoides variipennis eggs were collected from a laboratory colony maintained in Laramie, Wyoming.

Integrative taxonomy uncovers a new Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) biting midge species from Thailand

Acta Tropica ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 105941
Author(s):  
Pairot Pramual ◽  
Panya Jomkumsing ◽  
Kanyakorn Piraonapicha ◽  
Waraporn Jumpato
Keyword(s):  
Integrative Taxonomy ◽  
Biting Midge

scholarly journals Identifying and Characterizing a Novel Peritrophic Matrix Protein (MdPM-17) Associated With Antibacterial Response From the Housefly, Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Wang ◽  
Jinzhi Cheng ◽  
Man Luo ◽  
Jianwei Wu ◽  
Guo Guo
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptide ◽  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Matrix Protein ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Malpighian Tubule ◽  
Peritrophic Membrane ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Peritrophic Matrix ◽  
Amino Acid Residues

Abstract Peritrophic matrix/membrane (PM) critically prevents the midgut of insects from external invasion by microbes. The proteins in the peritrophic membrane are its major structural components. Additionally, they determine the formation and function of this membrane. However, the role of PM proteins in immune regulation is unclear. Herein, we isolated a novel PM protein (MdPM-17) from Musca domestica larvae. Further, the function of MdPM-17 in regulating host innate immunity was identified. Results showed that the cDNA of MdPM-17 full is 635 bp in length. Moreover, it consists of a 477-bp open reading frame encoding 158 amino acid residues. These amino acid residues are composed of two Chitin-binding type-2 domain (ChtBD2) and 19 amino acids as a signal peptide. Moreover, tissue distribution analysis indicates that MdPM-17 was enriched expressed in midgut, and moderate levels in the fat body, foregut, and malpighian tubule. Notably, MdPM-17 recombinant protein showed high chitin-binding capacity, thus belongs to the Class III PM protein group. MdPM-17 protein silencing via RNA interference resulted in the expression of antimicrobial peptide (defensin, cecropins, and diptericin) genes, and this occurred after oral inoculation with exogenous microbes Escherichia coli (Enterobacteriales:Enterobacteriaceae), Staphylococcus aureus (Bacillales:Staphylococcaceae), and Candida albicans (Endomycetales:Saccharomycetaceae)). Therefore, all the antimicrobial peptide (AMP) gene expression levels are high in MdPM-17-depleted larvae during microbial infection compared to controls. Consequently, these findings indicate that MdPM-17 protein is associated with the antibacterial response from the housefly.

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