scholarly journals Causal Effect Analysis of Demographic Concordance of Physician Trust and Respect in an Emergency Care Setting

2021 ◽  
Vol Volume 13 ◽  
pp. 503-509
Author(s):  
Amy F Ho ◽  
Yuan Zhou ◽  
Jessica J Kirby ◽  
Md Mamunur Rahman ◽  
Kathryn Tessitore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Care ◽  
Care Setting ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Effect Analysis ◽  
Physician Trust

Causal Effect Analysis of Demographic Concordance on Patient Perception of Physician Trust and Respect in an Emergency Care Setting

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy F Ho ◽  
Yuan Zhou ◽  
Jessica J Kirby ◽  
Md Mamumur Rahman ◽  
Kathryn Tessitore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patient Satisfaction ◽  
Emergency Care ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Care Setting ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Patient Perception ◽  
Patient Perceptions ◽  
Effect Analysis ◽  
Physician Trust ◽  
And Control

Abstract Objectives: Patient perceptions of physician trust and respect are important factors for patient satisfaction evaluations. We aim to determine the causal effect on patient-physician demographic concordance and patient perceptions of physician trust and respect in an emergency care setting. A near real-time patient satisfaction survey was sent via telephone to patients within 72 hours of discharge from an Emergency Department (ED). Patient-trust-physician (PTP) and physician-show-respect (PSR) scores were measured. Patient and physician demographics (age, gender, race, and ethnicity) were matched. We employed genetic matching to assign patients appropriately to the treatment (demographic concordance) and control (demographic discordance) groups. Causal effect was analyzed to determine the direct effect of patient-physician demographic concordance on PTP/PSR scores. Result: We enrolled 1815 patients. The treatment effect of patient-physician demographic concordance on patient perception of physician trust and respect ranged from -0.02 to -0.2 (p>0.05). In general, patient-physician demographic concordance has minimal effect on patient perceptions of physician trust and respect.

Field Theory for Some Traffic Phenomena and Fundamental Diagram

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110064
Author(s):  
Daiheng Ni
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Microscopic Approach ◽  
Fundamental Diagram ◽  
Longitudinal Control ◽  
Effect Analysis ◽  
Vehicle Trajectories ◽  
Vehicle Motion ◽  
Cross Reference

A fundamental diagram consists of a scatter of traffic flow data sampled at a specific location and aggregated from vehicle trajectories. These trajectories, if presented equivalently, constitute a microscopic version of the (conventional) fundamental diagram. The cross-reference between vehicle trajectories and the microscopic fundamental diagram provides details of vehicle motion dynamics which allow causal-effect analysis on some traffic phenomena and further reveal the microscopic basis of the conventional fundamental diagram. This observation inspires theoretical modeling by a microscopic approach to address traffic phenomena and the conventional fundamental diagram. Derived from the field theory of traffic flow, the longitudinal control model is capable of serving the purpose without the modifications or exceptions used by other approaches.

scholarly journals Anaphylaxis in an emergency care setting: a one year prospective study in children and adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Athamaica Ruiz Oropeza ◽  
Annmarie Lassen ◽  
Susanne Halken ◽  
Carsten Bindslev-Jensen ◽  
Charlotte G Mortz
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Study ◽  
Emergency Care ◽  
Care Setting ◽  
One Year

Paracetamol bei Rückenschmerzen nicht empfohlen

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (02) ◽  
pp. 54-55
Author(s):  
Arne Vielitz
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Effect Analysis ◽  
Acute Low Back Pain ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Average Causal Effect ◽  
Complier Average Causal Effect

Schreijenberg M, Lin CC, McLachlan AJ et al. Paracetamol is Ineffective for Acute Low Back Pain even for Patients Who Comply with Treatment: Complier Average Causal Effect Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial. Pain 2019; 160: 2848–2854. doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001685

Acute Asthma in Adults: Controversies and Best Practice

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
Maren Schuhmann ◽  
◽  
Fraser Brims ◽  
Anoop J Chauhan ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Care ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Care Setting ◽  
Acute Asthma ◽  
British Thoracic Society ◽  
International Guidelines ◽  
Life Threatening

Asthma in the emergency care setting is common and may be life-threatening. Last year the British Thoracic Society updated their guidelines for the management of asthma, however some treatments remain controversial and there is variation in adherence to these and other national and international guidelines.

scholarly journals PHYSICAL QUALITY ANALYSIS OF ‘ROTI MANIS’ AT BAROKAH BAKERY IN LAHAT

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-35
Author(s):  
Ineke Kesuma Ningsih ◽  
Fitri Electrika D. Surawan ◽  
Zulman Efendi
Keyword(s):  
Causal Effect ◽  
Control Limit ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Control Analysis ◽  
Physical Damage ◽  
Effect Analysis ◽  
Physical Quality ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Average Damage ◽  
Main Factor

The purpose of this research was to determine the percentage of each type of ‘roti manis’ physical damage, to identify factors causing the damages, and to determine whether the percentage amount of damage was whithin the business control limit. Types of damage observed were broken, too small in size, in appropriate form, over heated or burned.  Observation was conducted during 16 working days (one month) at Barokah Bakery in Lahat.  Result of the research showed that the broken damage was 1,31%; the too small in size was 1,1%; the unacceptable form was 0,98%; and no damage of over heat. Based on the causal effect analysis, it was found that the main factor causing ‘roti manis’s damages was caused by process inadequately. Result of diagram control analysis showed that the overall average damage was 3,4% with the upper limit was 5,2% and the lower limit was 1,6%. The percentage of the damage was considered high but it was within the company control limit of 2-4%

scholarly journals Causal-Effect Analysis using Bayesian LiNGAM Comparing with Correlation Analysis in Function Point Metrics and Effort

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masanari Kondo ◽  
Osamu Mizuno ◽  
Eun-Hye Choi
Keyword(s):  
Causal Effect ◽  
Task Assignment ◽  
Effort Estimation ◽  
Software Effort Estimation ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Effect Analysis ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Function Point ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Non Gaussian

Software effort estimation is a critical task for successful software development, which is necessary for appropriately managing software task assignment and schedule and consequently producing high quality software. Function Point (FP) metrics are commonly used for software effort estimation. To build a good effort estimation model, independent explanatory variables corresponding to FP metrics are required to avoid a multicollinearity problem. For this reason, previous studies have tackled analyzing correlation relationships between FP metrics. However, previous results on the relationships have some inconsistencies. To obtain evidences for such inconsistent results and achieve more effective effort estimation, we propose a novel analysis, which investigates causal-effect relationships between FP metrics and effort. We use an advanced linear non-Gaussian acyclic model called BayesLiNGAM for our causal-effect analysis, and compare the correlation relationships with the causal-effect relationships between FP metrics. In this paper, we report several new findings including the most effective FP metric for effort estimation investigated by our analysis using two datasets.

Azithromycin distribution and childhood mortality in compliance-related subgroups in Niger: complier average causal effect and spillovers in a cluster-randomized, placebo-controlled trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kieran S O’Brien ◽  
Ahmed M Arzika ◽  
Ramatou Maliki ◽  
Abdou Amza ◽  
Farouk Manzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Rate Ratio ◽  
Incidence Rate Ratio ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Effect Analysis ◽  
Intention To Treat ◽  
Average Causal Effect ◽  
Cluster Randomized ◽  
Complier Average Causal Effect

Abstract Background Biannual azithromycin distribution to children 1–59 months old reduced all-cause mortality by 18% [incidence rate ratio (IRR) 0.82, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.74, 0.90] in an intention-to-treat analysis of a randomized controlled trial in Niger. Estimation of the effect in compliance-related subgroups can support decision making around implementation of this intervention in programmatic settings. Methods The cluster-randomized, placebo-controlled design of the original trial enabled unbiased estimation of the effect of azithromycin on mortality rates in two subgroups: (i) treated children (complier average causal effect analysis); and (ii) untreated children (spillover effect analysis), using negative binomial regression. Results In Niger, 594 eligible communities were randomized to biannual azithromycin or placebo distribution and were followed from December 2014 to August 2017, with a mean treatment coverage of 90% [standard deviation (SD) 10%] in both arms. Subgroup analyses included 2581 deaths among treated children and 245 deaths among untreated children. Among treated children, the incidence rate ratio comparing mortality in azithromycin communities to placebo communities was 0.80 (95% CI: 0.72, 0.88), with mortality rates (deaths per 1000 person-years at risk) of 16.6 in azithromycin communities and 20.9 in placebo communities. Among untreated children, the incidence rate ratio was 0.91 (95% CI: 0.69, 1.21), with rates of 33.6 in azithromycin communities and 34.4 in placebo communities. Conclusions As expected, this analysis suggested similar efficacy among treated children compared with the intention-to-treat analysis. Though the results were consistent with a small spillover benefit to untreated children, this trial was underpowered to detect spillovers.

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