scholarly journals A systematic review of randomized controlled trials of bupropion versus methylphenidate in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

2014 ◽  
pp. 1439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benchalak Maneeton ◽  
Narong Maneeton ◽  
Suthi Intaprasert ◽  
Pakapan Wootiluk
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Randomized Controlled

scholarly journals Multinutrients for the Treatment of Psychiatric Symptoms in Clinical Samples: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3394
Author(s):  
Jeanette M. Johnstone ◽  
Andrew Hughes ◽  
Joshua Z. Goldenberg ◽  
Amy R. Romijn ◽  
Julia J. Rucklidge
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Behavioral Deficits ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Randomized Controlled

This systematic review and meta-analysis focused on randomized controlled trials (RCT) of multinutrients consisting of at least four vitamins and/or minerals as interventions for participants with psychiatric symptoms. A systematic search identified 16 RCTs that fit the inclusion criteria (n = 1719 participants) in six psychiatric categories: depression, post-disaster stress, antisocial behavior, behavioral deficits in dementia, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and autism. Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) was used to rate the evidence base. Significant clinical benefit was assessed using minimal clinically important differences (MIDs). Due to heterogeneity in participants, multinutrient formulas, outcome measures, and absence of complete data, only the Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) category was eligible for meta-analyses. In ADHD populations, statistically and clinically significant improvements were found in global functioning, Mean Difference (MD) −3.3, p = 0.001, MID −3.26; Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) −0.49 p = 0.001 MD −0.5), clinician ratings of global improvement (MD −0.58, p = 0.001, MID −0.5) and ADHD improvement (MD −0.54, p = 0.002, MID −0.5), and clinician (but not observer) measures of ADHD inattentive symptoms (MD −1.53, p = 0.05, MID −0.5). Narrative synthesis also revealed a pattern of benefit for global measures of improvement, for example: in autism, and in participants with behavioral deficits in dementia. Post-natural disaster anxiety and the number of violent incidents in prison populations also improved. Broad-spectrum formulas (vitamins + minerals) demonstrated more robust effects than formulas with fewer ingredients. This review highlights the need for robust methodology-RCTs that report full data, including means and standard deviations for all outcomes-in order to further elucidate the effects of multinutrients for psychiatric symptoms.

Pharmacological Treatments for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Disruptive Behavior Disorders

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica Kass ◽  
Jonathan E. Posner ◽  
Laurence L. Greenhill
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Disruptive Behavior ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Behavior Disorders ◽  
Disruptive Behavior Disorders ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Type I ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Randomized Controlled

More than 225 placebo-controlled type 1 investigations demonstrate that psychostimulants are highly effective in reducing core symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adults. In contrast, there are limited type I studies demonstrating that psychopharmacological management with U.S. Food & Drug Administration-approved agents for ADHD (stimulants and nonstimulants), atypical antipsychotics, and mood stabilizers decrease the defiant and aggressive behavior characteristic of disruptive behavior disorders. Stimulant treatment evidence has been supplemented by two large multisite randomized controlled trials. Randomized controlled trials from the past 15 years continue to report several key adverse events associated with stimulants but have not supported rarer and more serious problems. Although psychostimulants have been shown to retain their efficacy for as long as 14 months, their long-term academic and social benefits are not as robust. Nonstimulant agents for which there is more limited evidence of efficacy include atomoxetine, alpha-agonists, modafinil, and bupropion.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document