scholarly journals Neuropsychological Comparison Between Patients with Social Anxiety and Healthy Controls: Weak Central Coherence and Visual Scanning Deficit

2020 ◽  
Vol Volume 16 ◽  
pp. 2849-2855
Author(s):  
Sho Okawa ◽  
Sayo Hamatani ◽  
Yuta Hayashi ◽  
Honami Arai ◽  
Masato Nihei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Weak Central Coherence ◽  
Central Coherence ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Visual Scanning

scholarly journals Core Challenges in Autism

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-64
Author(s):  
B. Nason
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
External World ◽  
Behavioral Approach ◽  
Weak Central Coherence ◽  
Central Coherence ◽  
Clinical Psychologist ◽  
Single Thing ◽  
Autistic People ◽  
Big Picture

Bill Nason, an American clinical psychologist who has been working with autistic people for more than 30 years, has undergone his own evolution from a strict behavioral approach to humanism. In his two books under the same title «The Autism Discussion Page» he describes the difficulties that people on the spectrum have to face. Bill Nason seems to be speaking on behalf of them: what they feel, experience, see, sense while the external world is pressing them with its speed and chaos as well as while their closest people are constantly engaged in the modification of their behavior to fit social norms. In the article Bill Nason offers ways of how to help autistic individuals with their problems of seeing a big picture, weak central coherence, literal thinking and not reading between the lines. Our task is to make their endless struggle with confusing neurotypical world easier. We, those who deal with them (parents, caregivers, teachers), should clarify each single thing, verify, if they understand us, be concrete and literal. For autistics, nothing can be taken for granted. In doing so we will make their life easier so they will be able to enjoy minutes of real co-understanding.

Central coherence in eating disorders: a systematic review

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 1393-1404 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Lopez ◽  
K. Tchanturia ◽  
D. Stahl ◽  
J. Treasure
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Research Evidence ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Weak Central Coherence ◽  
Central Coherence ◽  
Global Processing ◽  
Local Processing ◽  
Neuropsychological Tasks ◽  
Meta Analyses

BackgroundThis review systematically appraised the research evidence for local versus global information processing to test the hypothesis that people with eating disorders (ED) had weak central coherence.MethodSearches on Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO and ISI Web of Science databases were conducted in November 2006 and subsequently updated in September 2007. Each search was conducted in two steps: (1) neuropsychological tasks measuring central coherence and (2) words related to cognitive functioning in eating disorders. Data were summarized in a meta-analysis if the number of studies for a given test was >5.ResultsData were extracted from 16 studies. Meta-analyses were conducted for four tasks obtaining moderate effect sizes. The majority of studies found global processing difficulties across the ED spectrum. The results are less clear regarding local processing.ConclusionsPeople with ED have difficulties in global processing. It is less certain as to whether they have superior local processing. Currently, there is insufficient evidence to refute the weak central coherence hypothesis.

Using Technology to Support Social Competence

2015 ◽  
pp. 336-355
Author(s):  
Brenda Smith Myles ◽  
Jan Rogers ◽  
Amy Bixler Coffin ◽  
Wendy Szakacs ◽  
Theresa Earles-Vollrath
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Social Competence ◽  
High Technology ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Home School ◽  
Relationship Building ◽  
Weak Central Coherence ◽  
Central Coherence ◽  
Evidence Based

Social competence includes a complex set of skills that impacts quality of life across all environments: home, school, employment, and the community. Elements that impact social competence, such as theory of mind, weak central coherence, regulation and relationship building, must be taught to individuals with disabilities, including those with autism spectrum disorder. Evidence-based interventions that incorporate low, medium and high technology have the potential to support skill development in social competence in a meaningful manner. This chapter reviews the concept known as social competence and offers a variety of practices to support its development.

Central coherence and the shaping of expertise in design: evidence from designers with autism spectrum conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-330
Author(s):  
Andy Dong ◽  
Ann Heylighen
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Weak Central Coherence ◽  
Central Coherence ◽  
Autism Spectrum Conditions ◽  
Coherence Theory ◽  
Design Practice ◽  
Cognitive Behaviors ◽  
Personal Experiences

AbstractThis paper proposes to contribute to our understanding of the fundamental cognitive processes essential to designing by exploring the experiences of people who have different information processing behaviors to those found in most people. In particular, we focus on people with autism spectrum conditions (ASC) because they are known to have information processing behaviors that are both maladaptive and exceptional. Central to our study is the question: what can we learn from people with ASC about cognitive processes essential to designing? The scholarship on cognitive behaviors associated with the autism spectrum and narratives on the experiences with design practice by individuals with ASC are discussed in relation to cognitive processes associated with designing. In turn, the individuals commented upon the analysis of cognitive processes associated with designing in light of their personal experiences with design practice. We conclude that the weak central coherence theory of autism provides a useful prediction of the cognitive processes necessary for expertise in design, and that both the framework for expertise in design and the way it is studied may require updating.

That Can't Be Right! What Causes Pragmatic Language Impairment Following Right Hemisphere Damage?

2006 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 202-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingerith Martin ◽  
Skye McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Language Impairment ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Weak Central Coherence ◽  
Central Coherence ◽  
Pragmatic Language ◽  
Right Hemisphere Damage ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Pragmatic Language Impairment

AbstractRight hemisphere damage (RHD) following unilateral stroke is often associated with impairment of pragmatic language, specifically, the ability to comprehend inferences that arise from language used in context. Three kinds of cognitive deficits have been proposed to explain the pragmatic deficits in RHD individuals, impaired Theory of Mind (TOM), weak central coherence (CC), and impaired executive function (EF). This study aims to evaluate the explanatory ability of these theories in relation to the comprehension of nonliteral (ironic) jokes versus literal lies. Twenty-one RHD patients and 21 age-matched controls were assessed on tasks tapping TOM, CC processing and general inference ability (EF) and the comprehension of irony. Second-order TOM and EF were found to play a significant role. However, neither construct, either in isolation or combined, completely explained the poor performance of RHD patients on this task compared to control participants.

Contribution of executive functions to eating behaviours in obesity and eating disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 725-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mara Segura-Serralta ◽  
Sonia Ciscar ◽  
Lorena Blasco ◽  
Javier Oltra-Cucarella ◽  
María Roncero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Iowa Gambling Task ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Central Coherence ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Set Shifting ◽  
Eating Behaviours

AbstractBackground:Patients with eating disorders (ED) or obesity show difficulties in tasks assessing decision-making, set-shifting abilities and central coherence.Aims:The aim of this study was to explore executive functions in eating and weight-related problems, ranging from restricting types of ED to obesity.Method:Two hundred and eighty-eight female participants (75 with obesity; 149 with ED: 76 with restrictive eating, 73 with bingeing-purging symptoms; and 64 healthy controls) were administered the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, the Iowa Gambling Task, and the Group Embedded Figures Test to assess set-shifting, decision-making and central coherence, respectively.Results:Participants with either obesity or ED performed poorly on tests measuring executive functioning compared with healthy controls, even after controlling for age and intelligence. Both participants with obesity and participants with ED showed a preference for global information processing.Conclusions:The findings suggest that treatments for obesity and ED would benefit from addressing difficulties in cognitive functioning, in addition to the more evident clinical symptoms related to eating, body weight and shape.

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